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$Unique_ID{bob00320}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Japan
Statistical Profile of Japan}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Central Intelligence Agency}
$Affiliation{United States Government}
$Subject{km
japan
rate
seats
islands
billion
house
total
japanese
party
hear
audio
hear
sound
see
pictures
see
figures
}
$Date{1990}
$Log{Hear National Anthem*56280010.aud
See Map of Japan*0032001.scf
See Flag of Japan*0032002.scf
}
Title: Japan
Book: CIA World Factbook
Author: Central Intelligence Agency
Affiliation: United States Government
Date: 1990
[Hear National Anthem]
[See Map of Japan]
[See Flag of Japan]
Statistical Profile of Japan
Geography
Total area: 377,835 km2; land area: 374,744 km2; includes Bonin Islands
(Ogasawara-gunto), Daito-shoto, Minami-jima, Okinotori-shima,
Ryukyu Islands (Nansei-shoto), and Volcano Islands (Kazan-retto)
Comparative area: slightly smaller than California
Land boundaries: none
Coastline: 29,751 km
Maritime claims:
Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm (3 nm in international straits--La Perouse or
Soya, Tsugaru, Osumi, and Eastern and Western channels of Tsushima or Korea
Strait)
Disputes: Habomai Islands, Etorofu, Kunashiri, and Shikotan Islands
occupied by Soviet Union since 1945, claimed by Japan; Kuril Islands
administered by Soviet Union; Liancourt Rocks disputed with South Korea;
Senkaku-shoto (Senkaku Islands) claimed by China and Taiwan
Climate: varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north
Terrain: mostly rugged and mountainous
Natural resources: negligible mineral resources, fish
Land use: 13% arable land; 1% permanent crops; 1% meadows and pastures;
67% forest and woodland; 18% other; includes 9% irrigated
Environment: many dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1,500 seismic
occurrences (mostly tremors) every year; subject to tsunamis
Note: strategic location in northeast Asia
People
Population: 123,220,129 (July 1989), growth rate 0.5% (1989)
Birth rate: 11 births/1,000 population (1989)
Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1989)
Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1989)
Infant mortality rate: 5 deaths/1,000 live births (July 1989)
Life expectancy at birth: 76 years male, 82 years female (July 1989)
Total fertility rate: 1.7 children born/woman (1989)
Nationality: noun--Japanese (sing., pl.); adjective--Japanese
Ethnic divisions: 99.4% Japanese, 0.6% other (mostly Korean)
Religion: most Japanese observe both Shinto and Buddhist rites; about 16%
belong to other faiths, including 0.8% Christian
Language: Japanese
Literacy: 99%
Labor force: 60,290,000; 53% trade and services; 33% manufacturing,
mining, and construction; 8% agriculture, forestry, and fishing; 3% government
(1987)
Organized labor: about 29% of employed workers; 76.4% public service,
57.9% transportation and telecommunications, 48.7% mining, 33.7% manufacturing,
18.2% services, 9.3% wholesale, retail, and restaurant
Government
Long-form name: none
Type: constitutional monarchy
Capital: Tokyo
Administrative divisions: 47 prefectures (fuken, singular and plural);
Aichi, Akita, Aomori, Chiba, Ehime, Fukui, Fukuoka, Fukushima, Gifu, Gumma,
Hiroshima, Hokkaido, Hyogo, Ibaraki, Ishikawa, Iwate, Kagawa, Kagoshima,
Kanagawa, Kochi, Kumamoto, Kyoto, Mie, Miyagi, Miyazaki, Nagano, Nagasaki,
Nara, Niigata, Oita, Okayama, Okinawa, Osaka, Saga, Saitama, Shiga,
Shimane, Shizuoka, Tochigi, Tokushima, Tokyo, Tottori, Toyama, Wakayama,
Yamagata, Yamaguchi, Yamanashi
Independence: 660 BC, traditional founding by Emperor Jimmu;
3 May 1947, constitutional monarchy established
Constitution: 3 May 1947
Legal system: civil law system with English-American influence;
judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
National holiday: Birthday of the Emperor, 23 December (1933)
Branches: emperor is symbol of state; executive power is vested in
Cabinet appointed by the prime minister, chosen by the lower house of the
bicameral, elective legislature--Diet (House of Councillors, House of
Representatives); judiciary is independent
Leaders:
Chief of State Emperor AKIHITO (since 7 January 1989);
Head of Government Prime Minister Sousuke UNO (since 2 June 1989);
Deputy Prime Minister (vacant June 1989)
Suffrage: universal over age 20
Elections: general election held every four years or upon dissolution of
lower house, triennially for half of upper house
Political parties and leaders: Liberal Democratic Party (LDP),
Sousuke Uno, president; Japan Socialist Party (JSP), T. Doi, chairman;
Democratic Socialist Party (DSP), S. Tsukamoto, chairman; Japan Communist Party
(JCP), T. Fuwa, Presidium chairman; Komeito (Clean Government Party), J. Yano
(resigned 17 May 1989), chairman
Voting strength: (1986 election) Lower House--60% LDP (307 seats),
17.2% JSP (88 seats), 11.1% Komeito (57 seats), 5.7% DSP (29 seats), 5.3% JCP
(27 seats), 0.6% independents and minor parties; Upper House--LDP 143 seats,
JSP 40, Komeito 25 seats, JCP 16 seats, DSP 12 seats; independents and
minor parties 12 seats
Communists: about 470,000 registered Communist party members
Member of: ADB, ASPAC, CCC, Colombo Plan, DAC, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB--Inter-American Development Bank, IEA, IFAD,
IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT,
INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC--International Whaling Commission,
IWC--International Wheat Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,
WSG
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Ryohei MURATA; Chancery at
2520 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 939-6700;
there are Japanese Consulates General in Agana (Guam), Anchorage, Atlanta,
Boston, Chicago, Honolulu, Houston, Kansas City (Missouri), Los Angeles,
New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, Seattle, and Portland (Oregon),
and a Consulate in Saipan (Northern Mariana Islands);
US--Ambassador Michael H. ARMACOST; Embassy at 10-1, Akasaka 1-chome,
Minato-ku (107), Tokyo (mailing address is APO San Francisco 96503); telephone
[81] (3) 224-5000; there are US Consulates General in Naha, Osaka-Kobe, and
Sapporo and a Consulate in Fukuoka
Flag: white with a large red disk (representing the sun without rays)
in the center
Economy
Overview: Although Japan has few natural resources, since 1971 it has
become the world's third-largest industrial economy, ranking behind only the US
and the USSR. Government-industry cooperation, a strong work ethic, and a
comparatively small defense allocation have helped Japan advance rapidly,
notably in high technology fields. Industry is the most important sector of the
economy, but is heavily dependent on imported raw materials and fuels.
Self-sufficent in rice, Japan must import 50% of its requirements for other
grain and fodder crops. Japan maintains one of the world's largest fishing
fleets and accounts for nearly 15% of the total global catch. During 1988 the
economy completed its adjustment to the doubling in value of the yen since 1985,
leading to increases in Japan's global trade surplus in the latter part of the
year. Inflation remains under 1% as the strong yen dampens domestic prices.
GNP: $1,843 billion, per capita $15,030; real growth rate 4.8% (1988)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 0.7% (1988)
Unemployment rate: 2.5% (1988)
Budget: revenues $349 billion; expenditures $433 billion, including
capital expenditures of NA (FY88)
Exports: $231.2 billion (f.o.b., 1987); commodities--manufactures
97% (including machinery 33%, motor vehicles 26%, consumer electronics
8%); partners--US 38%, Southeast Asia 20%, Western Europe 18%, Communist
countries 7%, Middle East 5%
Imports: $150.8 billion (c.i.f., 1987); commodities--manufactures
34%, fossil fuels 31%, foodstuffs 18%, nonfuel raw materials 16%;
partners--Southeast Asia 23%, US 23%, Middle East 15%, Western Europe 14%,
Communist countries 7%
External debt: $NA
Industrial production: growth rate 3.4% (1987)
Electricity: 188,000,000 kW capacity; 696,000 million kWh produced,
5,680 kWh per capita (1988)
Industries: metallurgy, engineering, electrical and electronic, textiles,
chemicals, automobiles, fishing
Agriculture: land intensively cultivated; rice, sugar, vegetables, fruits;
71% self-sufficient in food (1985); food shortages--wheat, corn, beans
Aid: donor--ODA and OOF commitments (1970-86), $45.2 billion
Currency: yen (plural--yen); 1 yen (Y) = 100 sen
Exchange rates: yen (Y) per US$1--127.23 (January 1989),
128.15 (1988), 144.64 (1987), 168.52 (1986), 238.54 (1985)
Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March
Communications
Railroads: 22,091 km total (1985); 1,832 km 1.435-meter standard gauge
and 20,259 km predominantly 1.067-meter narrow gauge, 5,724 km doubletrack and
multitrack sections, 9,038 km 1.067-meter narrow-gauge electrified, 1,832
km 1.435-meter standard-gauge electrified (1984)
Highways: 1,255,252 km total (1986); 652,768 km paved, 602,484 km gravel,
crushed stone, or unpaved; 3,721 km national expressways, 46,544 km national
highways, 43,907 km principal local roads, 86,930 km prefectural roads, 949,566
km municipal roads, and 124,584 other
Inland waterways: about 1,770 km; seagoing craft ply all coastal inland
seas
Pipelines: crude oil, 84 km; refined products, 322 km; natural gas,
1,800 km
Ports: Chiba, Hakodate, Kitakyushu, Kobe, Kushiro, Nagoya, Osaka, Tokyo,
Yokkaichi, Yokohama
Merchant marine: 1,197 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 26,246,703
GRT/44,116,590 DWT; includes 5 passenger, 59 short-sea passenger, 4 passenger
cargo, 120 cargo, 53 container, 24 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 156 refrigerated
cargo, 122 vehicle carrier, 253 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker,
25 chemical tanker, 41 liquefied gas, 14 combination ore/oil, 6 specialized
tanker, 311 bulk, 3 combination bulk, 1 heavy-lift carrier
Civil air: 341 major transport aircraft
Airports: 165 total, 157 usable; 125 with permanent-surface runways;
2 with runways over 3,659 m; 26 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 52 with runways
1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: excellent domestic and international service;
64,000,000 telephones; stations--318 AM, 58 FM, 12,350 TV (196 major--1 kw or
greater); 2 satellite ground stations; submarine cables to US (via Guam),
Philippines, China, and USSR
Defense Forces
Branches: Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (army), Japan Maritime
Self-Defense Force (navy), Japan Air Self-Defense Force (air force), Maritime
Safety Agency (coast guard)
Military manpower: males 15-49, 31,992,178; 27,543,780 fit for military
service; 1,016,274 reach military age (18) annually
Military budget: $28.8 billion, 5.0% of total budget (FY88 est.)