$Unique_ID{bob00320} $Pretitle{} $Title{Japan Statistical Profile of Japan} $Subtitle{} $Author{Central Intelligence Agency} $Affiliation{United States Government} $Subject{km japan rate seats islands billion house total japanese party hear audio hear sound see pictures see figures } $Date{1990} $Log{Hear National Anthem*56280010.aud See Map of Japan*0032001.scf See Flag of Japan*0032002.scf } Title: Japan Book: CIA World Factbook Author: Central Intelligence Agency Affiliation: United States Government Date: 1990 [Hear National Anthem] [See Map of Japan] [See Flag of Japan] Statistical Profile of Japan Geography Total area: 377,835 km2; land area: 374,744 km2; includes Bonin Islands (Ogasawara-gunto), Daito-shoto, Minami-jima, Okinotori-shima, Ryukyu Islands (Nansei-shoto), and Volcano Islands (Kazan-retto) Comparative area: slightly smaller than California Land boundaries: none Coastline: 29,751 km Maritime claims: Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm Territorial sea: 12 nm (3 nm in international straits--La Perouse or Soya, Tsugaru, Osumi, and Eastern and Western channels of Tsushima or Korea Strait) Disputes: Habomai Islands, Etorofu, Kunashiri, and Shikotan Islands occupied by Soviet Union since 1945, claimed by Japan; Kuril Islands administered by Soviet Union; Liancourt Rocks disputed with South Korea; Senkaku-shoto (Senkaku Islands) claimed by China and Taiwan Climate: varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north Terrain: mostly rugged and mountainous Natural resources: negligible mineral resources, fish Land use: 13% arable land; 1% permanent crops; 1% meadows and pastures; 67% forest and woodland; 18% other; includes 9% irrigated Environment: many dormant and some active volcanoes; about 1,500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors) every year; subject to tsunamis Note: strategic location in northeast Asia People Population: 123,220,129 (July 1989), growth rate 0.5% (1989) Birth rate: 11 births/1,000 population (1989) Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1989) Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1989) Infant mortality rate: 5 deaths/1,000 live births (July 1989) Life expectancy at birth: 76 years male, 82 years female (July 1989) Total fertility rate: 1.7 children born/woman (1989) Nationality: noun--Japanese (sing., pl.); adjective--Japanese Ethnic divisions: 99.4% Japanese, 0.6% other (mostly Korean) Religion: most Japanese observe both Shinto and Buddhist rites; about 16% belong to other faiths, including 0.8% Christian Language: Japanese Literacy: 99% Labor force: 60,290,000; 53% trade and services; 33% manufacturing, mining, and construction; 8% agriculture, forestry, and fishing; 3% government (1987) Organized labor: about 29% of employed workers; 76.4% public service, 57.9% transportation and telecommunications, 48.7% mining, 33.7% manufacturing, 18.2% services, 9.3% wholesale, retail, and restaurant Government Long-form name: none Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Tokyo Administrative divisions: 47 prefectures (fuken, singular and plural); Aichi, Akita, Aomori, Chiba, Ehime, Fukui, Fukuoka, Fukushima, Gifu, Gumma, Hiroshima, Hokkaido, Hyogo, Ibaraki, Ishikawa, Iwate, Kagawa, Kagoshima, Kanagawa, Kochi, Kumamoto, Kyoto, Mie, Miyagi, Miyazaki, Nagano, Nagasaki, Nara, Niigata, Oita, Okayama, Okinawa, Osaka, Saga, Saitama, Shiga, Shimane, Shizuoka, Tochigi, Tokushima, Tokyo, Tottori, Toyama, Wakayama, Yamagata, Yamaguchi, Yamanashi Independence: 660 BC, traditional founding by Emperor Jimmu; 3 May 1947, constitutional monarchy established Constitution: 3 May 1947 Legal system: civil law system with English-American influence; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Birthday of the Emperor, 23 December (1933) Branches: emperor is symbol of state; executive power is vested in Cabinet appointed by the prime minister, chosen by the lower house of the bicameral, elective legislature--Diet (House of Councillors, House of Representatives); judiciary is independent Leaders: Chief of State Emperor AKIHITO (since 7 January 1989); Head of Government Prime Minister Sousuke UNO (since 2 June 1989); Deputy Prime Minister (vacant June 1989) Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: general election held every four years or upon dissolution of lower house, triennially for half of upper house Political parties and leaders: Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), Sousuke Uno, president; Japan Socialist Party (JSP), T. Doi, chairman; Democratic Socialist Party (DSP), S. Tsukamoto, chairman; Japan Communist Party (JCP), T. Fuwa, Presidium chairman; Komeito (Clean Government Party), J. Yano (resigned 17 May 1989), chairman Voting strength: (1986 election) Lower House--60% LDP (307 seats), 17.2% JSP (88 seats), 11.1% Komeito (57 seats), 5.7% DSP (29 seats), 5.3% JCP (27 seats), 0.6% independents and minor parties; Upper House--LDP 143 seats, JSP 40, Komeito 25 seats, JCP 16 seats, DSP 12 seats; independents and minor parties 12 seats Communists: about 470,000 registered Communist party members Member of: ADB, ASPAC, CCC, Colombo Plan, DAC, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB--Inter-American Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, IRC, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC--International Whaling Commission, IWC--International Wheat Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Ryohei MURATA; Chancery at 2520 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington DC 20008; telephone (202) 939-6700; there are Japanese Consulates General in Agana (Guam), Anchorage, Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Honolulu, Houston, Kansas City (Missouri), Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, San Francisco, Seattle, and Portland (Oregon), and a Consulate in Saipan (Northern Mariana Islands); US--Ambassador Michael H. ARMACOST; Embassy at 10-1, Akasaka 1-chome, Minato-ku (107), Tokyo (mailing address is APO San Francisco 96503); telephone [81] (3) 224-5000; there are US Consulates General in Naha, Osaka-Kobe, and Sapporo and a Consulate in Fukuoka Flag: white with a large red disk (representing the sun without rays) in the center Economy Overview: Although Japan has few natural resources, since 1971 it has become the world's third-largest industrial economy, ranking behind only the US and the USSR. Government-industry cooperation, a strong work ethic, and a comparatively small defense allocation have helped Japan advance rapidly, notably in high technology fields. Industry is the most important sector of the economy, but is heavily dependent on imported raw materials and fuels. Self-sufficent in rice, Japan must import 50% of its requirements for other grain and fodder crops. Japan maintains one of the world's largest fishing fleets and accounts for nearly 15% of the total global catch. During 1988 the economy completed its adjustment to the doubling in value of the yen since 1985, leading to increases in Japan's global trade surplus in the latter part of the year. Inflation remains under 1% as the strong yen dampens domestic prices. GNP: $1,843 billion, per capita $15,030; real growth rate 4.8% (1988) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 0.7% (1988) Unemployment rate: 2.5% (1988) Budget: revenues $349 billion; expenditures $433 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (FY88) Exports: $231.2 billion (f.o.b., 1987); commodities--manufactures 97% (including machinery 33%, motor vehicles 26%, consumer electronics 8%); partners--US 38%, Southeast Asia 20%, Western Europe 18%, Communist countries 7%, Middle East 5% Imports: $150.8 billion (c.i.f., 1987); commodities--manufactures 34%, fossil fuels 31%, foodstuffs 18%, nonfuel raw materials 16%; partners--Southeast Asia 23%, US 23%, Middle East 15%, Western Europe 14%, Communist countries 7% External debt: $NA Industrial production: growth rate 3.4% (1987) Electricity: 188,000,000 kW capacity; 696,000 million kWh produced, 5,680 kWh per capita (1988) Industries: metallurgy, engineering, electrical and electronic, textiles, chemicals, automobiles, fishing Agriculture: land intensively cultivated; rice, sugar, vegetables, fruits; 71% self-sufficient in food (1985); food shortages--wheat, corn, beans Aid: donor--ODA and OOF commitments (1970-86), $45.2 billion Currency: yen (plural--yen); 1 yen (Y) = 100 sen Exchange rates: yen (Y) per US$1--127.23 (January 1989), 128.15 (1988), 144.64 (1987), 168.52 (1986), 238.54 (1985) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March Communications Railroads: 22,091 km total (1985); 1,832 km 1.435-meter standard gauge and 20,259 km predominantly 1.067-meter narrow gauge, 5,724 km doubletrack and multitrack sections, 9,038 km 1.067-meter narrow-gauge electrified, 1,832 km 1.435-meter standard-gauge electrified (1984) Highways: 1,255,252 km total (1986); 652,768 km paved, 602,484 km gravel, crushed stone, or unpaved; 3,721 km national expressways, 46,544 km national highways, 43,907 km principal local roads, 86,930 km prefectural roads, 949,566 km municipal roads, and 124,584 other Inland waterways: about 1,770 km; seagoing craft ply all coastal inland seas Pipelines: crude oil, 84 km; refined products, 322 km; natural gas, 1,800 km Ports: Chiba, Hakodate, Kitakyushu, Kobe, Kushiro, Nagoya, Osaka, Tokyo, Yokkaichi, Yokohama Merchant marine: 1,197 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 26,246,703 GRT/44,116,590 DWT; includes 5 passenger, 59 short-sea passenger, 4 passenger cargo, 120 cargo, 53 container, 24 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 156 refrigerated cargo, 122 vehicle carrier, 253 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 25 chemical tanker, 41 liquefied gas, 14 combination ore/oil, 6 specialized tanker, 311 bulk, 3 combination bulk, 1 heavy-lift carrier Civil air: 341 major transport aircraft Airports: 165 total, 157 usable; 125 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,659 m; 26 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 52 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: excellent domestic and international service; 64,000,000 telephones; stations--318 AM, 58 FM, 12,350 TV (196 major--1 kw or greater); 2 satellite ground stations; submarine cables to US (via Guam), Philippines, China, and USSR Defense Forces Branches: Japan Ground Self-Defense Force (army), Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (navy), Japan Air Self-Defense Force (air force), Maritime Safety Agency (coast guard) Military manpower: males 15-49, 31,992,178; 27,543,780 fit for military service; 1,016,274 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: $28.8 billion, 5.0% of total budget (FY88 est.)