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From: "Sci.Virtual-Worlds" <[e-mail]>
Newsgroups: sci.virtual-worlds,sci.answers,news.answers
Subject: sci.virtual-worlds Visual Displays FAQ
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Date: 19 Jul 1997 01:45:31 GMT
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Summary: This visual display faq is meant as a guide to visual displays in virtual reality.
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Archive-name: virtual-worlds/visual-faq
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Last-modified: 1997/07/18
URL:<http://www.hitl.washington.edu/scivw/visual-faq.html>

sci.virtual-worlds Visual Displays Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

This faq replaces the previous HMD FAQ, it is meant to supply product
information regarding visual displays in virtual interface technology.
Vendors are listed alphabetically with product cross reference. The product
listings are listed alphabetically by product name with the vendor cross
reference. Field of View is described as horizontal field of view in (H) by
vertical field of view by (V).

Questions, comments, or suggestions should be sent to:
[e-mail]

Snail-mail may be sent to:

Sci.virtual-worlds
c/o Toni Emerson, HITLab
University of Washington
Human Interface Technology Laboratory
PO Box 352412
Seattle, WA, 98195-2412
USA

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Topics covered in this FAQ

1. Display Types

2. Head Based or Head Mounted Displays (HMD) Vendors

3. Head Based or Head Mounted Displays (HMD) Product List*

4. Shutterglasses Vendor and Product List

5. Stationary Displays Vendor and Product List**

6. Alternative Displays

7. WWW sites, Conferences, Societies

8. Credits

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Subject: -1- Display Types

CAVE (TM): CAVE Automatic Virtual Environment, a projection-based virtual
environment system that surrounds the viewer with up to four screens and
allows both physical and virtual objects to occupy the same space. The CAVE
is trademarked by the University of Illinois.

head-coupled: Displays or robotic actions that are activated by head motion
through a head tracking device.

head mounted display (HMD): A set of goggles or a helmet with tiny monitors
in front of each eye to generate images seen by the wearer as
three-dimensional. Often the HMD is combined with a head tracker so that the
images displayed in the HMD change as the head moves. (from Mancetta, Carol
and Blade, R.A. Glossary of.Virtual Reality Terminology.
http://ijvr.uccs.edu/manetta.htm)

monocular displays: display for one eye.

see through display: display that allows wear to see the virtual image
superimposed over the real world. The wearer can "see through" the virtual
image. (from Mancetta, Carol and Blade, R.A. Glossary of.Virtual Reality
Terminology. http://ijvr.uccs.edu/manetta.htm)

SID: Spatially Immersive Display: Spatially immersive displays utilize
wrap-around (panoramic) video displays to create an unencumbered, ultra-wide
field of view, walk-in immersive environment. Displays are typically
produced by front or rear surface video projection onto cylinder, dome,
torus, or rectilinear screens. High resolution over a wide field-of-view can
be maintained by projecting multiple video ports which are tiled or
soft-edge blended over the screen surface to create a continuous, seamless
or near-seamless, geometrically correct image when properly rendered. SIDs
may or may not utilize stereoscopy or head-tracking depending on application
requirements. (definition courtesy of Ed Lanz, Spitz Inc.)

shutter glasses: Glasses that alternately block out the left and right eye
views in synchrony with the computer display of left and right eye images to
provide stereoscopic images on the computer screen. (from Mancetta, Carol
and Blade, R.A. Glossary of.Virtual Reality Terminology.
http://ijvr.uccs.edu/manetta.htm)

Virtual Model Displays: Projected image tables that use headtracking and
shutter glasses to render 3D models with appropriate motion parallax to
appear to have a real presence on a tabletop or vertical surface. While head
tracking devices, haptic displays and SIGs are useful for exploring virtual
environments, VMDs are most valuable for working with virtual objects or
models that fit on a tabletop in the "real world." Less immersive than other
types of displays, VMDs are extremely effective when the goal of the system
is to establish a sense that an object exists and is positioned relative to
an observer and an environment. Known as "object-presence," this effect
requires high fidelity images and cues related to the object. It is
significantly enhanced when interaction with the virtual object is possible.

wearable computing: Wearable computing hopes to shatter this myth of how a
computer should be used. A person's computer should be worn, much as
eyeglasses or clothing are worn, and interact with the user based on the
context of the situation. With heads-up displays, unobtrusive input devices,
personal wireless local area networks, and a host of other context sensing
and communication tools, the wearable computer can act as an intelligent
assistant, whether it be through a Remembrance Agent, augmented reality, or
intellectual collectives. (from the MIT Wearable Computing WWW page)

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Subject: -2- Head Based or Head Mounted Displays (HMD) Vendors

CAE Electronics Ltd
8585 Cote de Liesse
C.P. 1800 Saint-Laurent
Quebec, Canada H4L4X4
Tel: [phone]/Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
WWW: http://www.cae.ca
product: Fiber-Optic Helmet Mounted Displays (FOHMD), MAXVUE database
management system

CAE Electronics Ltd
8585 Cote de Liesse
C.P. 1800 Saint-Laurent
Quebec, Canada H4L4X4
Tel: [phone]/Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
WWW: http://www.cae.ca
product: Fiber-Optic Helmet Mounted Displays (FOHMD), MAXVUE database
management system

Delft Instruments
OIP nv/sa, Westerring 21
B09700 Oudenaarde
Belgium
Email: [e-mail]
WWW: http://www.innet.net:80/oip/
product: Viper 3 Night and Day Helmet

FakeSpace, Inc.
241 Polaris Ave.
Mountain View, CA USA 94043
Tel: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
WWW: http://www.fakespace.com Products: BOOM, FS(2), PUSH Desktop Display,
ISV Display, Immersive WorkBench and DUO Dynamic Display

FORTE Technologies Inc.
2615 W. Henrietta Rd.
Rochester, NY 14623 USA
Tel: [phone]/Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
WWW: http://www.fortevr.com
AMERICA ONLINE: Go Keyword: FORTE
VFX1 User Group: http://users.exis.net/~bunda/
product: VFX1 (VFX300 and VFX 900 to be available in 1997)

General Reality Company
124 Race Street
San Jose, CA 95126 USA
Tel: [phone]/Fax: [phone]
WWW: http://www.genreality.com/
Email: [e-mail]
product: CyberEye

Hughes Training Inc.
13775 McLearen Road
Herndon, VA 22071 USA
Tel: [phone]/Fax: [phone]
WWW: http://www.hti.com
product: ClearVue Low-Cost Helmet-Mounted Display, Advanced Visionics System
(AVS) helmet-mounted display (collaborative research program between US and
UK)

Kaiser Electro-Optics
2752 Loker Ave. West
Carlsbad, CA 92008 USA
Tel: [phone]/Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
WWW: http://www.keo.com
product: VIM 500HRpv, VIM 100HRpv, SIM EYE 40, SIM EYE 60, HIDEF, ProView,
Personal Assistant Headset, Full Immersion PH II

Kopin Corporation
695 Myles Standish Blvd
Taunton, MA 02780
160-A Albright Way
Taunton, MA 02780
Tel: [phone]/Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
WWW: http://www.kopin.com
product: CyberDisplay (tm) 320 optical engine

LEEP Systems Inc.
241 Crescent Street
Waltham, MA 02154-3425 USA
Tel: [phone]/Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
WWW: http://www.leepsys.com
product: Cyberface (2,3,4 only individual order. Cyberface 5 to be shipped
in 1997)

Liquid Image Corporation
1-90 Market Street
Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3B 0P3
Canada
Tel: [phone]/Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
WWW: http://www.liquidimage.ca/vr/
product: MRG2, MRG3C, MRG4, MRG6 full VGA Monocle and The Pocket Monitor

n-Vision, Inc.
7680 Old Springhouse Rd
Madison Bldg - 1st Floor
McLean, VA 22102
Tel: [phone]/fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
WWW: http://www.nvis.com
product: Full color Datavisor, Datavisor 80, VR-Binocular

Planar Systems
1499 NW Comptom Drive
Beaverton, OR 97006
United Kingdom
Tel: [phone]/Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
WWW: http://www.planar.com
products: [high-performance commercial flat-panel display components, CRTs
and flat panel display products]

Reflection Technology
230 Second Avenue
Waltham, MA 02154
Tel [phone]
Fax [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
WWW: http://www.reflection.com
Product: P5 Display (a display "engine", designed for incorporation into an
enclosure which provides the appropriate mechanical and optical alignment
between the two assemblies). http://www.reflection.com/p5disp.html

SEOS Displays, Ltd.
Marchants Way
Burgess Hill, West Sussex RH15 8QY
United Kingdom
Tel: [phone]/Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
http://www.seos.co.uk/
products: [HMD, SID] Binocular Colour HMD, multi-channel dome display
systems and collimating projection displays.

Shimadzu Corporation
Shimadzu Precision Instruments Inc.
20410 Earl Street
Torrance, CA 90503 USA
Tel: [phone]/Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
product: STV-E

Virtual i-O, Inc. Out of Business - 1997
product: [HMD] i-glasses! VTV, VPC, ProTec

Virtual Reality Inc.
333 Meadowlands Parkway, Second Floor
Secaucus NJ 07094 USA
Tel: [phone]/Fax: [phone]
product: HMD 133

Virtual Research Systems Inc.
2326 Walsh Ave.
Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA
Tel: [phone]/Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
WWW: http://www.virtualresearch.com/v-research/
product: V6, V8

Virtual Vision
659 178th Place N.E.
Redmond, Washington 98052 USA
tel: [phone]/Fax [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
WWW: http://www.virtualvision.com/
product: V-Cap 1000 Digital Head-Mounted Unit (DHMU)

Virtuality Inc.
Suite 105
7801 Mesquite Bend Drive
Irving, TX 75063 USA
Tel: [phone]/Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
WWW: http://www.virtuality.com/
product: Visette

Vista Controls
27825 Fremont Court
Santa Carita, CA 91344 US
Tel: [phone]/Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
WWW: http://www.vistacc.com
product: See-Thru-Armor

Visionics Corporation
Suite 600
1000 Boone Avenue North
Minneapolis, MN 55427 USA
Tel: [phone]/Fax: [phone]
product: Visionics Low Vision Enghancement System

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Subject: -3- Head Based or Head Mounted Display (HMD) Product List

**The specifications for HMD products are culled from WWW sites and product
information. However, the prime source used for compiling this section comes
from the annual resource compiled by the Real Time Graphics Newsletter:

(1996, August). Head-Mounted Display Survey. Real Time Grapics, 5(2), pp.
12. [annual special issue, 1995 issue available online,
http://www.cgsd.com].

BOOM 3C
Display: dual CRT, head-coupled
Resolution: 1280 x 1024 pixels
Field of View: 45/140 (H) x 90 (V)
Tracking: 6DOF optomechanical
Video: RGB field sequential video
Weight: boom
Price: $35,000 - $95,000 US
Note: The MEDVIEW is a custom version for the BOOM optimized for medical
applicatons. It provides special viewing optics and a locking structure
option.
Vendor: FakeSpace

ClearVue
Display: monchrome CRT with LC filters
Resolution: 1280 x 1024 pixels
Field of view: 80 (H) x 40 degrees (V)
Pixel size: 2.65 arc minutes/pixel
Overlap: 30  degrees
Weight: 5 pounds
Price: $95,000 US
Vendor: Hughes Training

CyberEye CE-200S and CE200M
Display: Dual Active Matrix LCD
Resolution: 230 x 789 (180,000) pixels/eye
Field of View: 22.5  degrees H x 16.8 degrees V (27.5  degrees diagonal)
Pixel Size: 3.2 arc minutes/pixel
Video Input Signal: NTSC (2 for stereo)
Weight: 14oz. eyewear, 8oz. beltpack (16oz. for stereo)
Price: begins at $2,495 US. Add $500 for stereoscopic.
Vendor: General Reality

CyberFace 2
Display: single large-format LCD, divergent axis
Resolution: 385 x 119 pixels
Video/Interface: NTSC/PAL composite or RGB
Field of View: 140 (H) x 110(V)
Tracking: not included
Weight: 32 ounces
Price: available only by individual order
Vendor: LEEP Systems

CyberFace 3
Display: single large-format LCD, head-coupled
Resolution: 480 x 120 pixels
Video/Interface: NTSC/PAL composite or RGB
Audio: stereo earphones
Field of View: 80  degrees (H) x 60 degrees (V)
Tracking: mechanical, 3DOF
Weight: arm
Price: available only by individual order
Vendor: LEEP Systems

CyberFace 4
Display: single large-format LCD, head-coupled
Resolution: 640 x 480 pixels
Video/Interface: NTSC/PAL composite or RGB
Field of View: 80 degrees (H) x 60 degrees (V)
Audio: stereo earphones
Tracking: mechanical, 3DOF
Weight: arm
Price: $18,400
Vendor: LEEP Systems

CyberFace 5 - LEEP Systems
Display: quad LCD, triple acuity
Resolution: 1170 x 202 pixels
Field of View: 140 degrees (H) x 110 degrees (V)
Price: available in 1997
Vendor: LEEP Systems

Datavisor (Full Color: Datavisor VGA and Datavisor Hi-Res)
Display: dual CRTs
Resolution: >1280 x 1024 pixels
Pixel size: 2 arc minutes/pixel
Field of View: 41.6 degrees (H) x 31 degrees (V)
Overlap: 50/100% adjustable
Tracking: optional
Weight: 56 oz
Price: contact vendor
Vendor: n-Vision

Datavisor 80
Display: monochrome CRTs and LCD shtutter devices
Resolution: >1280 x 1024 pixels
Pixel size: 2.9 arc minutes/pixel
Field of View: 64 degrees (H) x 48 degrees (V)
Overlap: 50/100% adjustable
Tracking: optional
Weight: 64 oz
Price: contact vendor
Vendor: n-Vision

Fiber-Optic Head-Mounted Display (FOHMD)
Display: CRT projector through fiber optics
Pixel size: 6.6 background, 2.2 inset; pixel structure: 1.2
million pixels distributed between inset and background
Field of view: 120  degrees (H) x 55  degrees (V)
Overlap: 25  degrees
Weight: < 4.5 lbs.
Price: by quotation
Vendor: CAE Electronics
Display Type: HMD

FS2
Display: dual CRT
Resolution: > 1280 x 1024 pixels
Field of view: 45/140  degrees (H) x 90  degrees (V)
Overlap: ~ [e-mail]
Video: RGB field sequential video
Tracking: 6DOF optomechanical
Weight: boom
Price: $65,000 - $105,000
Vendor: FakeSpace, Inc.

FS5
http://www.virtualresearch.com/fs5.html
Display: dual 1" black and white CRTs with color shutters
Resolution per eye: 800 horizontal lines (600 TV lines)
Field of view: 55  degrees diagonal at 100% overlap. 76  degrees at 50% overlap
Overlap: 100%, adjustable to 50%
Pixel size: 3.3 arc minutes/pixel
Weight: 38 oz.
Price: contact vendor
Vendor: Virtual Research

Full Immersion HMD
Display: active matrix LCD
Resolution: 640 x 480
Field of view: 150  degrees (H) x 50 degrees (V)
Overlap: 40  degrees
Pixel size: 4.0 arc minutes/pixel
Weight: > 2 lbs.
Price: contact vendor
Vendor: Kaiser Electro-Optics

HIDEF 90  degrees and 60  degrees
Display:2 full color, active matrix TFT, high speed polysilicon LCDs (2)-
(640 x 3)x 400
Resolution: Background 6 arcmin/color group, AOI 2.5 arcmin/color group
Background 6 arcmin/color group, AOI 2.5 arcmin/color group
Field of view: 80 degrees diagonal - 50  degrees (V) x 6.5  degrees (H)
Background: 32  degrees diagonal - 20  degrees (V) x 25  degrees (H)
Tracking: Polhemus optional
Overlap: 100%
Weight: 2.5 pounds
Price: contact vendor
Vendor: Kaiser Electro-Optics

Low Vision Enhancement System
Display: B&W CRT
Resolution: 512 x 492 pixels
Field of View: 50 (H) x 37.5 (V)
Pixel Size: 5.9 arc minutes/pixel
Overlap: 100%
Weight: 2.1 lb
Price: $5,795 US (with 3 cameras)
Vendor: Visionics Corporation

Mediamask (Olympus Corp.)
Display: LCD, switchable see-through capability
Resolution: 1068.5 x 480
Field of View: 60  degrees (H) x 34  degrees (V)
Weight: 1.5 lb.
Price: 900,000 yen
Vendor: Nissho Electronics, sold only in Japan

MRG 2
Display: active matrix LCD, single screen
Resolution: 720 X 240 pixels
Field of View: 84  degrees (H) x 65  degrees (V)
Pixel Size: 7.0 arc minutes/pixel
Weight: 4 pounds
Price: $3,495
Vendor: Liquid Image

MRG3C - Liquid Image
Display: active matrix LCD, single screen
Resolution: 768 x 556 pixels
Field of View: 84  degrees (H) x 65  degrees (V)
Pixel Size: 7.0 arc minutes/pixel
Video/Interface: NTSC/PAL, analog RGB
Weight: 4 pounds
Price: $5,500
Vendor: Liquid Image

MRG4 - Liquid Image
Display: active matrix color LCD, single screen
Resolution: 479 x 234 pixels
Field of View: 61  degrees (H) x 46  degrees (V)
Video/Interface: NTSC composite, analog RGB
Weight: 2.5 pounds
Price: $2,199
Vendor: Liquid Image

MRG6
Display: monocular LCD
Field of View: 40  degrees diagonal
Video Input: VGA
Weight: 4 oz.
Price: $3,495.00 US
Vendor: Liquid Image

Personal Assistant Headset
WWW: http://www.keo.com/Product_Displays_PAH.html
Display: monocular, miniature VGA monchrome LCD
Field of View: 24 degrees (H) x 18 degrees (V)
Resolution: 640 x 480, non see through
Pixel Size: 2.5 arc minutes/pixel
Weight: 120 grams
Price: contact vendor
Vendor: Kaiser Electro-Optics

ProView
Display: 2 full color, active matrix TFT, high speed polysilicon LCDs
Field of View: 30  degrees diagonal - 18  degrees (V) x 24  degrees (H)
Resolution: (640x3) x 480
Resolution/eye: 2.25 arcmin/color group
Overlap: 100%
Video Input: One or two VGA 640 x 480, H&V - TTL, analog 0.7V P-P,75 ohms,
60 Hz video inputs. Autosense for stereoscopic or monoscopic operation,
Internal and external sync
Audio: Sennheiser digiatally compatible headphones
Weight: 32 oz.
Price: contact vendor
Vendor: Kaiser Electro-Optics

PUSH
Display: dual CRT
Resolution: > 1280 x 1024 pixels
Field of View: 30-140  degrees (H) x 90  degrees (V)
Overlap: 100%
Price: $45,000
Vendor: Fakespace

See-Thru-Armor
Display: dual active matrix LCD
Resolution: 789 x 230 pixels
Field of View: 32  degrees (H) x 24  degrees (V)
Pixel size: 3.75 arc minutes/pixel
Overlap: 100%
Weight: 5 lb.
Price: $25,000 US
Vendor: Vista Controls

SIM EYE 40
WWW: http://www.keo.com/Product_Displays_SIMEYE40.html
Display: dual CRT
Resolution: 1280 x 1024 pixels/LCD (at 50% overlap)
Field of view: 40  degrees circular (100  degrees overlap) , 60  degrees (H) x 40  degrees (V) (20  degrees
overlap)
Overlap: 50 or (100 % overlap,
Video: 1280 x 1024 @ 2:1 Interlaced, 1024 x 1024 @ 2:1 Interlaced, 640 x 480
Non-Interlaced, 50 Hz/60 Hz. Vertical
Tracking: optional -- Universal Interface Box, Polhemus trackers
Weight: 4.5 pounds
Price: contact vendor
Vendor: Kaiser Electro-Optics

SIM EYE 60
WWW: http://www.keo.com/Product_Displays_SIMEYE60.html
Display: field sequential CRT
Resolution: > 1280 x 1024 pixels
Field of view: 100  degrees (H) x 60  degrees (V)
Overlap: 20  degrees
Pixel size: 3.0 arc minutes/pixel
Weight: 5.2 pounds
Price: contact vendor
Vendor: Kaiser Electro-Optics

STV-E
Display: monochrome CRTs with color wheels
Resolution: 600 x 480 pixels
Field of View: 48-60 degrees (H) x 36 degrees (V)
Pixel size: 4.8-6.0 arc minutes/pixel
Overlap: 100 %
Weight: 2.8 lb
Price: 2, 800,000 yen
Vendor: Shimadzu Corporation

V-Cap 1000 Digital Head-Mounted Unit (DHMU)
Display: monocular LCD
Vendor: Virtual Vision

VFX-1
WWW: http://www.fortevr.com/vfx1info.html
Display: dual active color matrix LCD
Resolution: 789 x 230 pixels
Field of view: 33.45 degrees (H) x 25.46  degrees (V)
Overlap: adjustable up to 100%
Tracking: proprietary 3DOF sourceless "Virtual Oreintation System"
Weight: ~32 ounces
Price: $895
Vendor: Forte Technologies

VIM 1000HRpv
WWW: http://www.keo.com/Product_Displays_Entertainment.html
Display: 4 active matrix LCDs
Resolution: 800 x 225 pixels/LCD
Field of view: 100  degrees (H) x 30  degrees (V)
Overlap: 67%
Weight: 26 ounces
Price: contact vendor
Vendor: Kaiser Electro-Optics

VIM 500pv
Display: dual LCD
Resolution: 237 x 225 pixels
Field of view: 50  degrees (H) x 30  degrees (V)
Tracking: Polhemus optional
Overlap: 100%
Weight: 24 ounces
Price: $3,495 US
Vendor: Kaiser Electro-Optics

Viper 3
WWW: http://www.innet.net:80/oip/newprod/viper.htm
Display: Day and Night Helmet with intergrated image intensifier tubes and a
binocular projected Head Mounted Display
Resolution: at 0.03 lux, better than 1 mrad
See-through image: 180 x 110
Exit Pupil: 12mm on axis
Weight: < 2.3 kg
Vendor: Delft Instruments

Virtual Binoculars
Display: monochrome CRTs
Resolution: > 1280 x 1024
Field of View: 33.8 degrees (H) x 25.7 degrees (V)
Pixel size: 3.1 arc minutes/pixel
Weight: 32 oz
Price: contact vendor
Vendor: n-Vision

Virtual Reality HMD133
Display: dual CRT
Resolution: 2560 x 1204 pixels
Field of View: 116  degrees (H) x 58 degrees (V)
Overlap: 100%
Tracking: tracker mounts provided
Note: connects to SGI RealityEngine field sequential interface
Weight: 2.5 lbs
Price: $64,000 US
Vendor: Virtual Reality Inc.

Visette Pro
Display: dual poly-silicon TFT active matrix LCDs
Resolution: 640 x 480
Field of View: 60  degrees (H) x 46.8  degrees (V)
Pixel size: 4.76 arc minutes/pixel
Weight: 23 oz.
Price: $5,950 US (includes Polhemus InsideTrack)
Vendor: Virtuality

VR4
Display: dual active matrix LCDs
Resolution: 742 x 230
Field of view: 48 degrees (H) x 36 degrees (V)
Overlap: 85% or 100%
Pixel size: 4.21 arc minutes/pixel
Weight: 34 oz.
Price: contact vendor
Vendor: Virtual Research Systems

VR6
Display: dual active matrix LCDs
Resolution: 742 x 230
Field of view: 48 degrees (H) x 36 degrees (V)
Overlap: 85% or 100%
Pixel size: 4.21 arc minutes/pixel
Weight: 34 oz.
Price: contact vendor
Vendor: Virtual Research Systems

VR4000
Display: dual active matrix LCDs
Resolution: 732 x 230
Field of view: 48 degrees (H) x 36 degrees (V)
Overlap: 100%
Pixel size: 4.21 arc minutes/pixel
Weight: 31 oz.
Price: contact vendor
Vendor: Virtual Research Systems

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Subject: -4- Shutterglasses - Vendors and Products

3D-MAX
Tel: [phone]/Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
WWW: http://www.threed-max.udac.se/
product: 3D-Max
price: $200 US

Skylinc Inc
9103 Maybank Drive
Austin, TX 78750 USA
tel: [phone] (toll free), 1-281-820-8484/fax: [phone]
WWW: http://www.skylinc.com
product: Virtual Visor
price: $44.95 US

NuVision
1815 NW 169th Place
Building 3060
Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
E-Mail: [e-mail]
Tel: [phone]/Fax: [phone]
WWW: http://www.nuvision3d.com
product: 3-D SPEX
price: $99.95 US

Stereographics
2171 E. Francisco Blvd.
San Rafael, CA 94901 USA
E-Mail: [e-mail]
Tel: [phone] (U.S. only), 1-415-459-4500/Fax: [phone]
WWW: http://www.stereographics.com
product: SimulEyes
price: $99.95 (North America), $149.95 (International)

VRex, Inc
CONTACT: Carl Tung
8 Skyline Drive
Hawthorne, NY 10532
tel: [phone], fax: [phone]
http://www.vrex.com
product: VR Surfer

Woobo Electronics
Seong-kok V/D, 8F, 823-22
Yeoksam-dong
Kangnan-ku
Seoul, Korea
Email: [e-mail]
WWW: http://www.woobo.com/index.html
product: CyberBoy

----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Subject: -5- Stationary Display Vendors and Products

**Special thanks and credit goes to Ed Lanz of Spitz, Inc. for his list of
SIDs.

Alternate Realities Corp. (ARC)
Manufactures VisionDome (TM), a portable 3-D digital theater which provides a
full hemispheric display. Offered in 5-meter and 7-meter models.
Alternate Realities Corp.
Suite 13oo
215 Southport Drive
Morrisville, NC 27560
tel: [phone], fax: [phone]
email: [e-mail]
WWW: http://www.virtual-reality.com

CGSD Corporation
Builds high-performance custom visual simulation and VR systems.
CONTACT: Roy Latham
CGSD Corporation
2483 Old Middlefield Way, #140
Mountain View, CA 94043-2330
tel: [phone], fax: [phone]
email: [e-mail]
WWW: http://www.cgsd.com

David Sarnoff Research Center
Developing an immersive three-screen rear-projection stereoscopic display
for medical visualization, museums and science centers, and C3I.
CONTACT: Jeffrey L. Posdamer
David Sarnoff Research Center
Visual Information Systems Research
CN 5300
Princeton, NJ 08543-5300
tel: [phone], fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]

Dodeca LLC
Developer of the RoundAbout (TM) immersive imaging system providing live-action
spherical videography for playback in a dome theater or HMD. Patented
approach utilizes efficient pentagonal divisions of a spherical field of
view.
CONTACT: David McCutchen
Dodeca LLC
2066 NW Irving St.
Portland, OR 97209-1200
tel: [phone], fax: [phone]
email: [e-mail]

Electronic Visualization Laboratory
University of Illinois at Chicago
Pioneer of SIDs for VR applications. Developments include the CAVE (TM) virtual
reality theater in 1992, the ImmersaDesk (TM) drafting-table format virtual
prototyping device, and the NII/Wall, a large-screen stereo projection
display suited for large audiences.
CONTACT: Daniel J. Sandin
Electronic Visualization Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago
851 S. Morgan St., Room 1120
Chicago, IL 60607-7053
tel: [phone], fax: [phone]
email: [e-mail]
WWW: http://evlweb.eecs.uic.edu/

Evans & Sutherland, Inc.
Products include Digistar¿ II, a calligraphic video projection system for
planetaria, and StarRider (TM), a "fully interactive, full-color projection
system that delivers high-quality, three-dimensional graphics for domed
theater environments." Also manufactures domed simulators.
CONTACT: Jayne Anderson
Evans & Sutherland, Inc.
600 Komas Drive
Salt Lake City, UT 84108
tel: [phone], fax: [phone]
WWW: http://www.es.com

Fakespace, Inc.
The Immersive WorkBench, from Fakespace, Inc., available with DUO
technology, is a virtual model display that supports natural interaction
with computer-generated 3D imagery, and enables users to manipulate virtual
objects in the same "hands-on" way they work with real objects on a desk or
table. It has an adjustable viewing surface, from horizontal toward
vertical, so that the reachable work area and viewing volume can be adjusted
according to individual preferences.
DUO-Dynamic Display System, which enables two simultaneous and individually
head-tracked stereo pairs to be displayed on VMDs. With this Dual User
Option (DUO), two people can now share a workspace, and collaborate within a
virtual model space that is accurate for both users.
Fakespace, Inc.
241 Polaris Avenue
Mountain View, CA 94943
tel: [phone], fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
WWW: http://www.fakespace.com

FlightSafety International
Manufactures the VITAL product line of visual simulation systems for flight
simulators.
CONTACT: Dan Myers
FlightSafety International
Visual Simulation Systems
5695 Campus Parkway
St. Louis, MO 63042-2338
tel: [phone], fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]

Flogiston Corporation
Offers the flostation (TM), a specially equipped personal immersion reclining
chair with a "bubble-hood" display, motion base, hand controller, and a
six-channel sound/vibration system. Originally funded by NASA for training
astronauts in EVA procedures.
CONTACT: Brian Park
Flogiston Corporation
16921 Crystal Cave Drive, Austin, TX 78737
tel: [phone]/fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
WWW: http://www.flogiston.com

Goto Optical Mfg. Co.
Offers the Virtuarium (TM), a full-color CG dome projection system utilizing
SGI's advanced computer graphics technology, NK-EXA's software integration
technology, and Goto's specialized video projectors and dome engineering
technology.
CONTACT:
Goto Optical Mfg. Co.
4-16 Yazaki-cho
Fuchu-shi Tokyo 183 JAPAN
tel: [phone], fax [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
U.S. Rep. Kimberly Ayers
tel: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]

National University of Singapore
Developed the Virtual Workbench consisting of a computer screen, stereo
glasses, a mirror and 3D sensors. "The user looks into the mirror through
the glasses and perceives the stereo virtual image within the work volume,
where the sensor and hands lie." Direct interaction within the virtual
volume is possible.
CONTACT: Luis Serra
National University of Singapore, Institute of Systems Science
Kent Ridge, Singapore 119597
tel: [phone], fax: [phone]
email: [e-mail]
WWW: http://ciemed.iss.nus.sg/people/luis/luis.html

Panoram Technologies, Inc.
Arrayed projection system, system design, GVR120 immersive visualization
system for SGI Reality Centres(tm).
CONTACT: Theo Mayer
Panoram Technologies, Inc.
350 N. Glenoaks Blve., Suite 207
Burbank, CA 91502-1133
tel: [phone], fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]

Pilkington Aerospace, Inc.
Produces simulation visual display systems and related components including
mirrors, back-projection screens, and beamsplitters.
CONTACT: Kevin McGee
Pilkington Aerospace, Inc.
12122 Western Avenue
Garden Grove, CA 92641
tel: [phone], ext. 203

Pyramid Systems, Inc.
Presentation display systems and advanced visualization displays including
the CAVE(tm) and the ImmersaDesk(tm). Pyramid Systems, Inc. has the
worldwide license from the University of Illinois" to market, install,
integrate the CAVE(TM) and ImmersaDesk(TM) products.
Pyramid Display Systems, Inc.
24477 West Ten Mile Road
Southfield, MI 48034
tel: [phone] (USA), fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
WWW: http://www.pyramidsystems.com

SEOS Displays Limited
Specializes in the design, production, sales and support of visual display
systems. Products include multi-channel dome display systems and collimating
projection displays.
CONTACT: Barry Swainston
SEOS Displays Limited
Marchants Way, Burgess Hill
West Sussex RH15 8QY ENGLAND
tel: [phone], fax: [phone]
American Sales Contact: John Anderson
tel: [phone], fax: [phone]

Silicon Graphics Computer Systems
SGI's UK headquarters developed the Reality Centre (TM), a simulation center
using a 150 degree FOV edge-blended display, digital multi-channel sound
effects system (AudioWorks from Paradigm Simulation, Inc.), and a "Fly
Chair" (controls by B.G. Systems). Also adapted as the Visionarium (TM) in
Mountian View, CA.
CONTACT: John Burwell
Silicon Graphics Computer Systems
2011 N. Shoreline Blvd.
Mountain View, CA 94043-1389
tel: [phone], fax: [phone]
[e-mail]
UK Contact: David Hughes, Reality Centre Manager
tel: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
WWW: http://www-europe.sgi.com/International/UK/centre

Sogitec Industries - Division Electronique
Manufactures simulator equipment including domes, target projectors, and
head-slaved image projection systems.
CONTACT: Joel Clairon
Sogitec Industries - Division Electronique
4 rue Marcel Monge - Immeuble Nobel
92158 SURESNES Cedex, FRANCE
tel: [phone], fax: [phone]
U.S. Contact: tel: [phone], fax: [phone]

Spitz, Inc.
Spitz engineers and manufactures projection-based immersive visualization
systems, cylindrical and dome screens, and related products. New products
include ElectricSky (TM) immersive dome video theater, and ElectricHorizon (TM)
partial immersion VR display, both based on Spitz's ImmersaVision (TM) format.
CONTACT: Ed Lantz
Spitz, Inc.
U.S. Route #1
Chadds Ford, PA 19365
tel: [phone] x27, fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail]
WWW: http://www.libertynet.org:80/~spitz

STN ATALAS Elektronik GmbH
The Simulation Division produces turn key simulation and visual systems and
related software.
CONTACT: Rainer Huelsz
STN ATALAS Elektronik GmbH
Sebaldsbruecker Heerstr. 235
D-28305 Bremen, Germany
tel: [phone], fax: [phone]

VRex, Inc
Offers the VR Cove (TM), a three-screen rear-projection 3-D stereoscopic
"Virtual Reality Command Visualization Environment." Uses an exclusive
seamless screen design and provides a 180 degree field-of-view.
CONTACT: Carl Tung
VRex, Inc
8 Skyline Drive
Hawthorne, NY 10532
tel: [phone], fax: [phone]
WWW: http://www.vrex.com

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Subject: -6- Alternative Displays

Pocket Monitor
Display: hand held, (Grey scale: 8 bit; monochrome: orange, lime white or
custom;
multi color: custom upon request)
Image Display Module Size: 2.0" wide x 5.0" tall x 2.0" deep
Video Input: VGA
Weight: 8 oz.
Price: Call for volume pricing
Vendor: Liquid Image

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Subject: -7- References

(1996, August). Head-Mounted Display Survey. Real Time Grapics, 5(2), pp.
12. [annual special issue, 1995 issue available online, http://www.cgsd.com.

(1996, October). Immersive & 3D Display Systems. VR News, 5(8), pp. 30-36.

Bolas, M.T., McDowall, I.E., Mead, R.X., Lorimer, E.R. , Hackbush,
J.E. and Greuel, C. (1995). Alternative display and interaction
devices. In Proceedings of the SPIE - The International Society for
Optical Engineering, Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems
II, vol. 2409 (pp. 211-219). Bellingham, WA: SPIE.

Hashimoto, Y. Yamamoto, M. Asaida, T. (1995, July). Cameras and
display systems. In Proceedings of the IEEE. vol.83, no.7.
pp. 1032-43.

Hezel, P.J. and Veron, H. (1993). Head Mounted Displays for Virtual
Reality. in Proceedings of Society for Information Display, 1993
International Symposium, Digest of Technical Papers,
Vol. XXIV. (p. 909-911). Playa del Rey, CA: Society for Information
Display

Melzer, J.E. and Moffitt, K. W. (1997). Head-Mounted Displays: Designing for
the User. New York,NY: McGraw Hill.

Wells, M. J. and Haas, M. (1992). The Human Factors of
Helmet-Mounted Displays and Sights. In M. Karim (Ed.),
Electro-Optical Displays . (pp. 743-785). New York: Marcel Dekker.

Wickens, C. D., Todd, S. and Seidler, K. (1989). Three-Dimensional
Displays: Perception, Implementation, Applications. (CSERIAC
SOAR-89-01). Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH: CSERIAC.

Youngblut, C., Johnson, R.E., Nash, S.H., Wienclaw, R. and Will, C.A.
(1996). Review of Virtual Environment Interface Technology, IDA Paper
P-3186. Alexandria, VA: IDA.

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Subject: -8- WWW sites, Conferences, Societies

3D Stereoscopic Video Display Systems Project

<http://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/sensor-9/ftp/www/homepage.html>

Stereoscopic 3D Home Page

 [stereo 3d, games, shutterglasses]

<http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/bungert/>

CHI Workshop On Research Issues In Wearable Computers, March 23,24, Atlanta,
GA
<http://wearables.www.media.mit.edu/projects/wearables/chi.html>

EiNet GALAXY, Optics and Photonics
<http://www.einet.net/galaxy/Science/Physics/Optics-and-Photonics.html>

IDRC '97 - September 15-19, 1997 Toronto, Canada
<http://www.sid.org/idrc97cl.html>

International Symposium on Wearable Computers, October 13 - 14, Cambridge,
Massachusetts USA
<http://mime1.marc.gatech.edu/wearcon/>

MIT's Wearable Computing Web Page:
<http://wearables.www.media.mit.edu/projects/wearables/>

Optical Society of America, 2010 Massachusettes Ave., NW, Washington,
DC 20036-1023. OpticsNet - Optics and photonics research,
applications, and industry news.
<http://www.osa.org/>

Society of Information Display
<http://www.sid.org/>

SID Symposium '97 - May 11-16, 1997, Boston, MA
<http://www.sid.org/conf.html>

SPIE -The International Society for Optical Engineering
<http://www.spie.org>

   * 1997 conference review: http://info.curtin.edu.au/~iwoodsa/spie97
   * 1996 conference review: http://info.curtin.edu.au/~iwoodsa/spie96
   * Listing of all Stereoscopic Displays and Applications conference
     proceedings: http://info.curtin.edu.au/~iwoodsa/stereoscopic/proc

Vision Science: The Virtual Library
<http://vision.arc.nasa.gov/VisionScience/VisionScience.html>

Yahoo Science: Engineering: Optical Engineering
<http://www.yahoo.com/Science/Engineering/Optical_Engineering/>

SPIE conferences are identified by volume number, below are some relevant
conferences:

*volume 1988 - Display Systems: High-Resolution and Large Screen
Displays and Helmet, Head-Up, and Head-Down Displays (C T Bartlett/M D
Cowan)
*volume 2218 Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays and Symbology Design
Requirements (R J Lewandowski/W Stephens/L A Haworth) 382pg/38pp, (Jun 1994)

*volume 2465 Helmet- and Head-Mounted Displays and Symbology Design
Requirements II (R J Lewandowski/W Stephens/L A Haworth) 308pg/28pp,
(May 1995)
*volume 1695 Helmet-Mounted Displays III (T M Lippert) 190pg/21pp, (Oct
1992)
*volume 1457 Stereoscopic Displays and Applications II (J O Merritt/S S
Fisher) 356pg/36pp, (Aug 1991)
*volume 1669 Stereoscopic Displays and Applications III (J O Merritt/S S
FIsher) 280pg/28pp, (Jun 1992)
*volume 1915 Stereoscopic Displays and Applications IV (J O Merritt/S S
Fisher) 194pg/20pp, (Sep 1993)
*volume 2177 Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems (S S Fisher/J
O Merritt/M T Bolas) 428pg/47pp, (Apr 1994)
*volume 2409 Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems II (S S
Fisher/J O Merritt/M T Bolas) 320pg/37pp, (Mar 1995)
*volume 2653 Stereoscopic Displays and Virtual Reality Systems III (S S
Fisher/J O Merritt/M T Bolas) pg/47pp, (May 1996)

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Subject: -9- Credits

This FAQ was prepared by Toni Emerson, [e-mail]
<http://www.hitl.washington.edu/pub/people/diderot/>

Special thanks and credit goes to Ed Lanz of Spitz for his list of SIDs and
William Sherman for actually reading (and giving valuable input) to this
FAQ.

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Last-modified: 07/18/97
copyright 1995, 1996, 1997 Human Interface Technology Laboratory