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- From: alopez-o@neumann.uwaterloo.ca (Alex Lopez-Ortiz)
- Newsgroups: sci.math,news.answers,sci.answers
- Subject: sci.math FAQ: No Nobel in Mathematics
- Followup-To: sci.math
- Date: 17 Feb 2000 22:52:01 GMT
- Organization: University of Waterloo
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- Summary: Part 13 of 31, New version
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- Archive-name: sci-math-faq/nobel
- Last-modified: February 20, 1998
- Version: 7.5
-
-
- Why is there no Nobel in mathematics?
-
-
-
- Nobel prizes were created by the will of Alfred Nobel, a notable
- Swedish chemist.
-
- One of the most common --and unfounded-- reasons as to why Nobel
- decided against a Nobel prize in math is that [a woman he proposed
- to/his wife/his mistress] [rejected him because of/cheated him with] a
- famous mathematician. Gosta Mittag-Leffler is often claimed to be the
- guilty party.
-
- There is no historical evidence to support the story.
-
- For one, Mr. Nobel was never married.
-
- There are more credible reasons as to why there is no Nobel prize in
- math. Chiefly among them is simply the fact he didn't care much for
- mathematics, and that it was not considered a practical science from
- which humanity could benefit (a chief purpose for creating the Nobel
- Foundation).
-
- Further, at the time there existed already a well known Scandinavian
- prize for mathematicians. If Nobel knew about this prize he may have
- felt less compelled to add a competing prize for mathematicians in his
- will.
-
- [...] As professor ordinarius in Stockholm, Mittag-Leffler began a
- 30-year career of vigorous mathematical activity. In 1882 he
- founded the Acta Mathematica, which a century later is still one of
- the world's leading mathematical journals. Through his influence in
- Stockholm he persuaded King Oscar II to endow prize competitions
- and honor various distinguished mathematicians all over Europe.
- Hermite, Bertrand, Weierstrass, and Poincare were among those
- honored by the King. [...]
-
- Source: "The Mathematics of Sonya Kovalevskaya" by Roger Cooke
- (Springer-Verlag, New York etc., 1984, II.5.2, p. 90-91:
-
- Here are some relevant facts:
-
- * Nobel never married, hence no ``wife''. (He did have a mistress, a
- Viennese woman named Sophie Hess.)
- * Gosta Mittag-Leffler was an important mathematician in Sweden in
- the late 19th-early 20th century. He was the founder of the
- journal Acta Mathematica, played an important role in helping the
- career of Sonya Kovalevskaya, and was eventually head of the
- Stockholm Hogskola, the precursor to Stockholms Universitet.
- However, it seems highly unlikely that he would have been a
- leading candidate for an early Nobel Prize in mathematics, had
- there been one -- there were guys like Poincare and Hilbert
- around, after all.
- * There is no evidence that Mittag-Leffler had much contact with
- Alfred Nobel (who resided in Paris during the latter part of his
- life), still less that there was animosity between them for
- whatever reason. To the contrary, towards the end of Nobel's life
- Mittag-Leffler was engaged in ``diplomatic'' negotiations to try
- to persuade Nobel to designate a substantial part of his fortune
- to the Hogskola. It seems hardly likely that he would have
- undertaken this if there was prior bad blood between them.
- Although initially Nobel seems to have intended to do this,
- eventually he came up with the Nobel Prize idea -- much to the
- disappointment of the Hogskola, not to mention Nobel's relatives
- and Fraulein Hess.
- * According to the very interesting study by Elisabeth Crawford,
- ``The Beginnings of the Nobel Institution'', Cambridge Univ.
- Press, 1984, pages 52-53:
-
- Although it is not known how those in responsible positions at the
- Hogskola came to believe that a large bequest was forthcoming, this
- indeed was the expectation, and the disappointment was keen when it
- was announced early in 1897 that the Hogskola had been left out of
- Nobel's final will in 1895. Recriminations followed, with both
- Pettersson and Arrhenius [academic rivals of Mittag-Leffler in the
- administration of the Hogskola] letting it be known that Nobel's
- dislike for Mittag-Leffler had brought about what Pettersson termed
- the `Nobel Flop'. This is only of interest because it may have
- contributed to the myth that Nobel had planned to institute a prize
- in mathematics but had refrained because of his antipathy to
- Mittag-Leffler or --in another version of the same story-- because
- of their rivalry for the affections of a woman....
- However, Sister Mary Thomas a Kempis discovered a letter by R. C.
- Archibald in the archives of Brown University and discussed its
- contents in "The Mathematics Teacher" (1966, pp.667-668).
- Archibald had visited Mittag-Leffler and, on his report, it would
- seem that M-L *believed* that the absence of a Nobel Prize in
- mathematics was due to an estrangement between the two men. (This
- at least is the natural reading, but not the only possible one.)
- * A final speculation concerning the psychological element. Would
- Nobel, sitting down to draw up his testament, presumably in a mood
- of great benevolence to mankind, have allowed a mere personal
- grudge to distort his idealistic plans for the monument he would
- leave behind?
-
- Nobel, an inventor and industrialist, did not create a prize in
- mathematics simply because he was not particularly interested in
- mathematics or theoretical science. His will speaks of prizes for
- those ``inventions or discoveries'' of greatest practical benefit to
- mankind. (Probably as a result of this language, the physics prize has
- been awarded for experimental work much more often than for advances
- in theory.)
-
- However, the story of some rivalry over a woman is obviously much more
- amusing, and that's why it will probably continue to be repeated.
-
- References
-
- Mathematical Intelligencer, vol. 7 (3), 1985, p. 74.
-
- The Beginnings of the Nobel Institution. Elisabeth Crawford. Cambridge
- Univ. Press, 1984.
- --
- Alex Lopez-Ortiz alopez-o@unb.ca
- http://www.cs.unb.ca/~alopez-o Assistant Professor
- Faculty of Computer Science University of New Brunswick
-