home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Newsgroups: sci.math,sci.answers,news.answers
- Path: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu!bloom-beacon.mit.edu!spool.mu.edu!torn!watserv3.uwaterloo.ca!undergrad.math.uwaterloo.ca!neumann.uwaterloo.ca!alopez-o
- From: alopez-o@neumann.uwaterloo.ca (Alex Lopez-Ortiz)
- Subject: sci.math FAQ: Monty Hall problem
- Summary: Part 23 of many, New version,
- Originator: alopez-o@neumann.uwaterloo.ca
- Message-ID: <DI76M3.KAF@undergrad.math.uwaterloo.ca>
- Sender: news@undergrad.math.uwaterloo.ca (news spool owner)
- Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.Edu
- Date: Fri, 17 Nov 1995 17:15:39 GMT
- Expires: Fri, 8 Dec 1995 09:55:55 GMT
- Reply-To: alopez-o@neumann.uwaterloo.ca
- Nntp-Posting-Host: neumann.uwaterloo.ca
- Organization: University of Waterloo
- Followup-To: sci.math
- Lines: 57
- Xref: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu sci.math:124397 sci.answers:3431 news.answers:57832
-
-
- Archive-Name: sci-math-faq/montyhall
- Last-modified: December 8, 1994
- Version: 6.2
-
-
- The Monty Hall problem
-
-
-
- This problem has rapidly become part of the mathematical folklore.
-
- The American Mathematical Monthly, in its issue of January 1992,
- explains this problem carefully. The following are excerpted from that
- article.
-
- Problem:
-
- A TV host shows you three numbered doors (all three equally likely),
- one hiding a car and the other two hiding goats. You get to pick a
- door, winning whatever is behind it. Regardless of the door you
- choose, the host, who knows where the car is, then opens one of the
- other two doors to reveal a goat, and invites you to switch your
- choice if you so wish. Does switching increases your chances of
- winning the car?
-
- If the host always opens one of the two other doors, you should
- switch. Notice that 1/3 of the time you choose the right door (i.e.
- the one with the car) and switching is wrong, while 2/3 of the time
- you choose the wrong door and switching gets you the car.
-
- Thus the expected return of switching is 2/3 which improves over your
- original expected gain of 1/3 .
-
- Even if the hosts switches only part of the time, it pays to switch.
- Only in the case where we assume a malicious host (i.e. a host who
- entices you to switch based in the knowledge that you have the right
- door) would it pay not to switch.
-
-
-
- References
-
- L. Gillman The Car and the Goats American Mathematical Monthly,
- January 1992, pp. 3-7.
-
-
-
-
- _________________________________________________________________
-
-
-
- alopez-o@barrow.uwaterloo.ca
- Tue Apr 04 17:26:57 EDT 1995
-
-
-