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From: [e-mail] (Kevin Dowling)
Newsgroups: comp.robotics.misc,comp.robotics.research,comp.answers,news.answers
Subject: comp.robotics.* Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) part 1/5
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Date: 16 Sep 1996 05:05:15 GMT
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Summary: This posting contains a list of Frequently Asked Questions
         and their answers about robotics. It should be read by anyone
         who wishes to post to the comp.robotics newsgroups
Xref: senator-bedfellow.mit.edu comp.robotics.misc:8656 comp.robotics.research:740 comp.answers:21139 news.answers:81707

Archive-name: robotics-faq/part1
Last Modified:  Mon Sep 16 01:00:38 EDT 1996
     _________________________________________________________________

   This FAQ was compiled and written by Kevin Dowling with numerous
   contributions by readers of comp.robotics. Acknowledgements are listed
   at the end of the FAQ.

   This post, as a collection of information, is Copyright 1995 Kevin
   Dowling. Distribution through any means other than regular Usenet
   channels must be by permission. The removal of this notice is
   forbidden.

   This FAQ may be posted to any USENET newsgroup, on-line service, or
   BBS as long as it or the section is posted in its entirety and
   includes this copyright statement. This FAQ may not be distributed for
   financial gain. This FAQ may not be included in commercial collections
   or compilations without express permission from the author.

   Please send changes, additions, suggestions and questions to:
Kevin Dowling                   tel:    [phone]
Robotics Institute              fax:    [phone]
Carnegie Mellon University      net:    [2][e-mail]
Pittsburgh, PA 15213            url:    [3]http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/~nivek

    This FAQ may be referenced as:

   Dowling, Kevin (1995) "Robotics: comp.robotics Frequently Asked
   Questions" Available as a hypertext document at
   http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/robotics-faq. 90+ pages.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Last-Modified: Thu Dec 7 16:40:11 1995


    [4]Kevin Dowling <[e-mail]>

References
  [1]Copyright

     _________________________________________________________________

   This is the Frequently Asked Questions list for the internet robotics
   newsgroups comp.robotics.misc and comp.robotics.research. This list
   provides a resource of answers to commonly (and some uncommonly) asked
   questions regarding robotic systems, organizations, periodicals, and
   pointers to numerous other resources on the net.

   If you have suggestions and comments please send email to Kevin
   Dowling, [2][e-mail] Thank you.
     _________________________________________________________________

   * New + Updated = Unchanged @ External Link
     _________________________________________________________________

   + [3][0] Errata
          = [4][0.1] Where to find this FAQ and comp.robotics archives
          = [5][0.2] Related FAQ's and Mailing Lists

   = [6][1] What is Robotics?
          = [7][1.1] What is the definition of a 'robot'?
          = [8][1.2] Where did the word 'robot' come from?

   = [9][2] Where can I find robotics resources on the net?

   = [10][3] Organizations
          = [11][3.1] Robotics Related Organizations
          = [12][3.2] Robotics Associations of Many Countries
          = [13][3.3] Robotics Clubs

   = [14][4] What Periodicals and Publications are there?
          = [15][4.1] Magazines, Journals, Newsletters


                = [16][4.1.1] Robotics Publications
                = [17][4.1.2] Trade magazines


          = [18][4.2] Books, Online Information and Videos


                = [19][4.2.1] Books
                = [20][4.2.2] CDROMS
                = [21][4.2.3] Magazine Articles
                = [22][4.2.4] Online Technical Reports
                = [23][4.2.5] Videos

   = [24][5] Conferences and Competitions
          = [25][5.1] Conferences
          = [26][5.2] Competitions

   = [27][6] What University Programs are there?
          = [28][6.1] Graduate Programs in Robotics
          = [29][6.2] Student Who's Who

   = [30][7] What is the State of the Robot Industry?

   = [31][8] What companies sell or build robots?
          = [32][8.1] Mobile robot companies


                = [33][8.1.1] AGV Companies
                = [34][8.1.2] Underwater robots


          = [35][8.2] Manipulator companies
          = [36][8.3] Other Organizations doing robotics
          = [37][8.4] Small Inexpensive Robots
          * [38][8.5] Entertainment Robots

   = [39][9] What is a Robot Architecture?

   = [40][10] What Robotics related products are there?
          = [41][10.1] Sensors


                = [42][10.1.1] Cameras
                = [43][10.1.2] Inertial, acceleration and heading sensors

                = [44][10.1.3] Rangefinding devices
                = [45][10.1.4] Force/torque, accelerometers, tactile
                = [46][10.1.5] Sonar sensors
                = [47][10.1.6] Pan/tilt mechanisms
                = [48][10.1.7] Measuring robot position
                = [49][10.1.8] Measuring linear motion
                = [50][10.1.9] Interfacing sensors


          = [51][10.2] Actuators


                = [52][10.2.1] RC-Servos
                = [53][10.2.2] Shape Memory Materials
                = [54][10.2.3] Other Actuators
                = [55][10.2.4] Stepper Motors
                = [56][10.2.5] Controllers


          = [57][10.3] Imaging for Robotics
          = [58][10.4] Wireless Communication


                = [59][10.4.1] RF Modems
                = [60][10.4.2] RF Video
                = [61][10.4.3] RF Ethernet


          = [62][10.5] Robot Parts: Suppliers and Sources

   = [63][11] Whatever happened to Heathkit Hero Robots?

   = [64][12] What's available for Puma Manipulators?

   = [65][13] What kinds of Robotics Simulators are there?
          = [66][13.1] Commercial Simulators
          = [67][13.2] Shareware and Freeware Simulators

   = [68][14] What Real-Time Operating System should I use?

   = [69][15] What is NuTank?

   = [70][16] Survey of Mobile Robot Development Environments

   = [71][17] Robot Controllers
          = [72][17.1] What is the Miniboard?
          = [73][17.2] What is the F1 Board?
          = [74][17.3] What is the Bot Board?
          = [75][17.4] What is the Handy Board?
          = [76][17.5] Other Robot Controllers

   = [77][18] What is the XXX Microcontroller?
          = [78][18.1] Motorola 68XX
          = [79][18.2] Motorola 683xx
          = [80][18.3] Intel 80C186
          = [81][18.4] Intel 8051
          = [82][18.5] Intel 8096
          = [83][18.6] Microchip PIC16/17
          = [84][18.7] Parallax BASIC Stamp
          = [85][18.8] National Semiconductor LM628/629
          = [86][18.9] Hewlett-Packard HCTL 1000, 2000
          = [87][18.10] Motor Drivers

   + [88][19] Acknowledgements

     _________________________________________________________________

   Last-Modified: Sun Aug 11 08:43:10 1996


    [89]Kevin Dowling <[e-mail]>

References

   1. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/copyright.html
   2. mailto:[e-mail]
   3. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/0.html
   4. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/0.html#0.1
   5. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/0.html#0.2
   6. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/1.html
   7. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/1.html#1.1
   8. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/1.html#1.2
   9. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/2.html
  10. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/3.html
  11. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/3.html#3.1
  12. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/3.html#3.2
  13. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/3.html#3.3
  14. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/4.html
  15. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/4.html#4.1
  16. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/4.html#4.1.1
  17. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/4.html#4.1.2
  18. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/4.html#4.2
  19. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/4.html#4.2.1
  20. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/4.html#4.2.2
  21. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/4.html#4.2.3
  22. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/4.html#4.2.4
  23. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/4.html#4.2.5
  24. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/5.html
  25. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/5.html#5.1
  26. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/5.2.html
  27. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/6.html
  28. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/6.html#6.1
  29. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/6.html#6.2
  30. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/7.html
  31. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/8.html
  32. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/8.html#8.1
  33. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/8.html#8.1.1
  34. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/8.html#8.1.2
  35. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/8.html#8.2
  36. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/8.html#8.3
  37. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/8.html#8.4
  38. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/8.html#8.5
  39. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/9.html
  40. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/10.html
  41. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/10.html#10.1
  42. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/10.html#10.1.1
  43. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/10.html#10.1.2
  44. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/10.html#10.1.3
  45. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/10.html#10.1.4
  46. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/10.html#10.1.5
  47. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/10.html#10.1.6
  48. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/10.html#10.1.7
  49. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/10.html#10.1.8
  50. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/10.html#10.1.9
  51. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/10.html#10.2
  52. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/10.html#10.2.1
  53. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/10.html#10.2.2
  54. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/10.html#10.2.3
  55. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/10.html#10.2.4
  56. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/10.html#10.2.5
  57. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/10.html#10.3
  58. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/10.html#10.4
  59. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/10.html#10.4.1
  60. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/10.html#10.4.2
  61. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/10.html#10.4.3
  62. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/10.html#10.5
  63. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/11.html
  64. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/12.html
  65. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/13.html
  66. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/13.html#13.1
  67. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/13.html#13.2
  68. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/14.html
  69. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/15.html
  70. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/16.html
  71. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/17.html
  72. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/17.html#17.1
  73. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/17.html#17.2
  74. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/17.html#17.3
  75. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/17.html#17.4
  76. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/17.html#17.5
  77. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/18.html
  78. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/18.html#18.1
  79. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/18.html#18.2
  80. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/18.html#18.3
  81. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/18.html#18.4
  82. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/18.html#18.5
  83. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/18.html#18.6
  84. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/18.html#18.7
     _________________________________________________________________

                             [1] What is robotics?

   In this section we define the words 'robot' and 'robotics' and look a
   little at the history of robots.


       [3][1.1] What is the definition of a 'robot'?
       [4][1.2] Where did the word robot come from?
       [5][1.3] When did robots, as we know them today, come into
       existence?

1.1 What is the definition of a 'robot'?

     "A reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move
     material, parts, tools, or specialized devices through various
     programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks"

   Robot Institute of America, 1979

   Obviously, this was a committee-written definition. It's rather dry
   and uninspiring. Better ones for 'robotics' might include:


   Force through intelligence.
   Where AI meet the real world.

   Webster says: An automatic device that performs functions normally
   ascribed to humans or a machine in the form of a human.
     _________________________________________________________________

[1.2] Where did the word 'robot' come from?

   The word 'robot' was coined by the Czech playwright Karel Capek
   (pronounced "chop'ek") from the Czech word for forced labor or serf.
   Capek was reportedly several times a candidate for the Nobel prize for
   his works and very influential and prolific as a writer and
   playwright. Mercifully, he died before the Gestapo got to him for his
   anti-Nazi sympathies in 1938.

   The use of the word Robot was introduced into his play _R.U.R._
   (Rossum's Universal Robots) which opened in Prague in January 1921.
   The play was an enormous success and productions soon opened
   throughout Europe and the US. R.U.R's theme, in part, was the
   dehumanization of man in a technological civilization. You may find it
   surprising that the robots were not mechanical in nature but were
   created through chemical means. In fact, in an essay written in 1935,
   Capek strongly fought that this idea was at all possible and, writing
   in the third person, said:

     "It is with horror, frankly, that he rejects all responsibility for
     the idea that metal contraptions could ever replace human beings,
     and that by means of wires they could awaken something like life,
     love, or rebellion. He would deem this dark prospect to be either
     an overestimation of machines, or a grave offence against life."

   [The Author of Robots Defends Himself - Karl Capek, Lidove noviny,
   June 9, 1935, translation: Bean Comrada]

   There is some evidence that the word robot was actually coined by
   Karl's brother Josef, a writer in his own right. In a short letter,
   Capek writes that he asked Josef what he should call the artifical
   workers in his new play. Karel suggests Labori, which he thinks too
   'bookish' and his brother mutters "then call them Robots" and turns
   back to his work, and so from a curt response we have the word robot.

   R.U.R is found in most libraries. The most common English translation
   is that of P. Selver from the 1920's which is not completely faithful
   to the original. A more recent and accurate translation is in a
   collection of Capek's writings called _Towards the Radical Center_
   published by Catbird Press in North Haven, CT. tel: [phone]

   The term 'robotics' refers to the study and use of robots. The term
   was coined and first used by the Russian-born American scientist and
   writer Isaac Asimov (born Jan. 2, 1920, died Apr. 6, 1992). Asimov
   wrote prodigiously on a wide variety of subjects. He was best known
   for his many works of science fiction. The most famous include _I
   Robot _(1950), _The Foundation Trilogy _(1951-52), _Foundation's Edge_
   (1982), and _The Gods Themselves_ (1972), which won both the Hugo and
   Nebula awards.

   The word 'robotics' was first used in _Runaround_, a short story
   published in 1942. _I, Robot_, a collection of several of these
   stories, was published in 1950. Asimov also proposed his three "Laws
   of Robotics", and he later added a 'zeroth law'.
     * Law Zero:
       A robot may not injure humanity, or, through inaction, allow
       humanity to come to harm.
     * Law One:
       A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow
       a human being to come to harm, unless this would violate a higher
       order law.
     * Law Two:
       A robot must obey orders given it by human beings, except where
       such orders would conflict with a higher order law.
     * Law Three:
       A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection
       does not conflict with a higher order law.

   An interesting article on this subject:

   Clarke, Roger, "Asimov's Laws for Robotics: Implications for
   Information Technology", Part 1 and Part 2, Computer, December 1993,
   pp. 53-61 and Computer, January 1994, pp.57-65.

   The article is an interesting discussion of his Laws and how they came
   to be in his books, and the implications for technology today and in
   the future.
     _________________________________________________________________

[1.3] When did robots, as we know them today, come into existence?

   The first industrial modern robots were the Unimates developed by
   George Devol and Joe Engelberger in the late 50's and early 60's. The
   first patents were by Devol for parts transfer machines. Engelberger
   formed Unimation and was the first to market robots. As a result,
   Engelberger has been called the 'father of robotics.'

   Modern industrial arms have increased in capability and performance
   through controller and language development, improved mechanisms,
   sensing, and drive systems. In the early to mid 80's the robot
   industry grew very fast primarily due to large investments by the
   automotive industry. The quick leap into the factory of the future
   turned into a plunge when the integration and economic viability of
   these efforts proved disastrous. The robot industry has only recently
   recovered to mid-80's revenue levels. In the meantime there has been
   an enormous shakeout in the robot industry. In the US, for example,
   only one US company, Adept, remains in the production industrial robot
   arm business. Most of the rest went under, consolidated, or were sold
   to European and Japanese companies.

   In the research community the first automata were probably Grey
   Walter's machina (1940's) and the John's Hopkins beast. Teleoperated
   or remote controlled devices had been built even earlier with at least
   the first radio controlled vehicles built by Nikola Tesla in the
   1890's. Tesla is better known as the inventor of the induction motor,
   AC power transmission, and numerous other electrical devices. Tesla
   had also envisioned smart mechanisms that were as capable as humans.
   An excellent biography of Tesla is Margaret Cheney's _Tesla, Man Out
   of Time_, Published by Prentice-Hall, c1981.

   SRI's Shakey navigated highly structured indoor environments in the
   late 60's and Moravec's Stanford Cart was the first to attempt natural
   outdoor scenes in the late 70's. From that time there has been a
   proliferation of work in autonomous driving machines that cruise at
   highway speeds and navigate outdoor terrains in commercial
   applications.

   Articles on the history of personal robots:

   What ever happened to ... Personal Robots? by Stan Veit The Computer
   Shopper, Nov 1992 v12 n11 p794(2)

   What ever happened to ... Personal Robots? (part 2) by Stan Veit
   Computer Shopper, April 1993 v13 n4 p702(2)

   I have the text to these online but am trying to find out if I can
   include these as part of the FAQ or as separate files that are
   ftpable.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Last-Modified: Mon Aug 19 02:52:16 1996


    [6]Kevin Dowling <[e-mail]>

References

   1. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/copyright.html
     _________________________________________________________________

              [2] Where can I find robotics resources on the net?

   Within this FAQ are a wide variety of URL's and pointers to ftp sites
   for robotics resources. There are a few URL's that go beyond this and
   some of those are presented here:

  Robotics Internet Resource Page:

   This is an excellent source of pointers to a wide variety of Robotics
   related work on the Internet. This includes files, video, images,
   teleoperation etc etc. - Use your favorite browser (Mosaic, Netscape,
   MacWeb etc. to check it out) [3]Robotics Internet Resouces Page

  European Robotics Archive:

   Eurobots is an archive dedicated to storage of robotics related
   information. It can be accessed via WWW at [4]European Robotics
   Archive and [5]here for ftp.

   In addition to holding a collection of general information, the WWW
   version has "Hot Links" to useful documents (such as this FAQ!) and
   pointers to other mobile robot sites. There is also a dedicated
   section for those working in Europe. This archive is intended to
   provide a service to all mobile robot developers, so check it out and
   send us material that others might find useful, or give us your
   suggestions for improvement.
     _________________________________________________________________

   Virtual Reality (VR) related: For sci.virtual-worlds: [6]Virtual
   Worlds Also see:
   [7]ftp://ftp.ipa.fhg.de//pub/VIRTUAL_REALITY/WWW/hmepage.html Site
   includes papers, product sheets, publications and information.
     _________________________________________________________________

   _Tutorial and Overview of Estimation and Navigation work at Notre-Dame_
   I highly recommend this - it is an excellent use of the www and a
   well-done overview of the work. - nivek
   [8]http://www.nd.edu/NDInfo/Research/sskaar/Home.html

   _Part I: Camera Space Manipulation_
   Part I relates to the positioning of a rigid body in three-dimensional
   space relative to a specific, second body accomplished with either a
   holonomic system, such as a typical industrial robot, or a
   nonholonomic system, such as a forklift.

   _Part II: Estimation Based Navigation_
   Relates to the navigation of a vehicle relative to a known environment
   such as a home, office, or warehouse.

     _________________________________________________________________

   Last-Modified: Sun Aug 11 08:46:48 1996


    [9]Kevin Dowling <[e-mail]>

References

   1. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/copyright.html
   2. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/TOC.html
   3. http://piglet.cs.umass.edu:4321/robotics.html
   4. http://cswww.essex.ac.uk/Eurobots
     _________________________________________________________________

                          [3] Robotics Organizations

   There are a number of organizations and societies related to robotics.
   Some are related specifically to industry, several to academia and a
   number of hobbyist groups. In addition, a number of the groups, such
   as the ASME or IEEE, (see below) are very large organizations and
   robotics is one of many sub-disciplines in their respective fields.
   Many of these organizations also have periodicals associated with
   robotics.
     _________________________________________________________________


   [3][3.1] Robotics Related Organizations
   [4][3.2] Robotics Associations of Many Countries
   [5][3.3] Robotics Clubs
     _________________________________________________________________

  [3.1] Robotics Related Organizations

   _Advanced Robot Technology Research Association _(Japan)



    Kikai-shinko Bldg
    3-5-8 Shiba-Kohen, Minato-ku, Tokyo
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]


          Has joint research programs with member companies. Members are
          20 or so Japanese companies including: Ishikawajima-Harima, Oki
          Electric, Kawasaki Heavy Industry, Kobe Steel, Komatsu,
          Sumitomo Electric Industries, Toshiba, JGC, NEC, Hitachi,
          Fanuc, Fujitsu, Fuji, Matshushita Research Institute, Mitsui,
          Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Mitsubishi Electric, Yaskawa.

   _American Nuclear Society_



    Robotics and Remote Systems Division
    555 North Kensington Avenue
    LaGrange Park, IL 60525 USA
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]
    email: [6]Toni Bishop
    -
    current Division Chair
    Lori Kostelnik
    1385 Scott Place
    Idaho Falls, ID 83402
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]
    email: [e-mail]


          Has interests and promotes robotics, particularly in remote
          applications in nuclear and other hazardous environments. Has
          robotics and remote systems sessions at ANS meetings in June
          and November. Has a Topical Meeting on Robotics and Remote
          Systems in spring of odd numbered years (i.e., 1997).
          Typically, there are well over 100 papers presented at topicals
          and attendance is around 400. Membership includes monthly
          Nuclear News magazine as well as division newsletter twice a
          year

   _American Society of Mechanical Engineers, (ASME)_



    345 E. 47th Street
    New York, NY 10017


          Mechanical Engineering magazine, like the IEEE's Spectrum, is
          an excellent general publication on aspects of mechanical
          engineering. There are often publications on robotics and the
          ASME sponsors a number of other publications and conferences
          that are relevant to robotics. The ASME also has a BBS service,
          MechEng, with an email server. send email to with 'send info'
          in the body.

   _The Association for Robotics in Hazardous Environments (RHE)_



    net: [7][e-mail]
    url: [8]http://www.robotics.org
    900 Victors Way, P.O. Box 3724
    Ann Arbor, MI 48106
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]


          One of the several Robotic Industries Association
          Organizations. See [9]RIA. The Association for Robotics in
          Hazardous Environments is committed to promoting the global
          commercialization of robotic systems for use in hazardous
          environments by:

          + Improving operational capabilities and minimizing human
            exposure.
          + Defining common terminology and promoting performance
            standards.
          + Gathering and disseminating industry information.
          + Influencing public policy.
          + Bringing users, developers and suppliers together with the
            common goal of advancing U.S. industry in the global
            marketplace.

   _Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems (AUVS)_



    1735 North Lynn Street
    Suite 950
    Arlington, VA 22209-2022
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]
    email: [10][e-mail]


          Promoting worldwide advancement of unmanned vehicle systems.
          Membership includes subscription to Unmanned Systems magazine,
          AUVS News Bulletin, regional seminars, annual symposium and
          trade show, and other opportunities. AUVS also sponsors an
          annual aerial Robotics Competition. See Conference
          announcements for more details. or see:
          [11]http://cwis.usc.edu/dept/robotics/other/auvsarc/auvsarc.htm
          l and [12]ftp://usc.edu/pub/nn_robotics/other/auvsarc/ Student
          membership: $15/year, Educational Institutions/Libraries
          $100/year, Individual: $40/year, Corporate memberships also
          available.

   _Automated Imaging Association (AIA)_



    net: [13][e-mail]
    url: [14]http://www.robotics.org
    900 Victors Way, P.O. Box 3724
    Ann Arbor, MI 48106
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]


          One of the several Robotic Industries Association
          Organizations. See [15]RIA.
          The AIA promotes the use of industrial machine vision and
          scientific image analysis technology through programs that
          provide value to members. AIA programs help members identify
          and/or enhance their market position, establish their
          technology, and promote their products.

   _Center for Autonomous and Man-controlled Robotic and Sensing Systems_



    ERIM
    PO Box 8618
    Ann Arbor, MI 48107
    tel: [phone] X2457
    Charles Jacobus, CAMRSS director


          Member companies include: Ball Aerospace, Coulter Electronics,
          ERIM, Fairchild, Ford Aerospace, Geospectra, Grumman,
          Industrial Technology Institute, KMS Fusion, Michigan State,
          UofM.

   _American Insitute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA)_



    370 L'Enfant Promenade, SW
    Washington, DC 20024
    tel: [phone]
    tel: [phone] (Technical Information Service)


          Conferences and publications, several cover automation
          technologies for servicing on the ground and in space as well
          as exploration.

   _Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)_



    Service Center
    445 Hoes Lane
    Piscataway, NJ 08854-4150
    tel: [phone]
    tel: 800.678.IEEE
    [16]ftp://ftp.ieee.org/


          A large organization with hundreds of publications including
          journals, transactions, Spectrum, sponsoring conferences,
          workshops and meetings.

   IEEE membership is $95 regular ($23 students)
   For membership in the IEEE Computer Society, add $22.
   $20 for IEEE Expert (Intelligent Systems and their Applications)
   $12 for Transactions on Neural Networks
   $12 for Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics
   $15 for Transactions on Robotics and Automation
   $19 for Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
   $24 for Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine IntelligenceIEEE

   _International Service Robot Association_



    net: [17][e-mail]
    url: [18]http://www.robotics.org
    900 Victors Way, P.O. Box 3724
    Ann Arbor, MI 48106
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]


          One of the several Robotic Industries Association
          Organizations. See [19]RIA.
          ISRA is an individual and corporate member association
          dedicated to providing information on the emerging field of
          service robots in applications such as health care, education,
          security, education, and space exploration. Key activities
          include publication of a quarterly newsletter, sponsorship of
          conferences & exhibits, and distribution of market studies,
          books, and related resources.

   _The International Society for Optical Engineering, (SPIE)_



    P.O.Box 10
    Bellingham, Washington 98227-0010.
    tel: [phone] (PST)
    fax: [phone]
    tlx: 46-7053
    net: [e-mail]
    ftp: [20]ftp://mom.spie.org/


          SPIE has publications, meetings and conferences in the field of
          intelligent robots, mobile robots, teleoperation, machine
          vision, etc.
          The SPIE is a nonprofit society dedicated to advancing
          engineering and scientific applications of optical,
          electro-optical, and optoelectronic instrumentation, systems
          and technology. Its members are scientists, engineers, and
          users interested in the reduction to practice of these
          technologies. SPIE provides the means for communicating new
          developments and applications to the scientific, engineering,
          and user communities through its publications, symposia, and
          short courses.
          The SPIE has listservers, covering robotics, fiber optics,
          optical computing and processing, and optomechanical
          engineering/instrument design.
          SPIE maintains several e-mail Listserver Groups dedicated to
          various technical specialties. These groups are a way for
          colleagues to share information, solve problems, and discuss
          issues related to their interests. While the topics are tied to
          the various International Technical Working Groups of SPIE,
          membership is not required to join a listserver group.
          Currently available e-mail listservers maintained by SPIE:

          + Listname Group
          + -------- -----
          + info-bios BIOS (Biomedical Optics Society)
          + info-ei Electronic Imaging
          + info-holo Holography
          + info-adopt Adaptive Optics
          + info-fibers Fiber Optics
          + info-opcom Optical Computing and Processing
          + info-robo Robotics
          + info-optomech Optomechanical and Instrument Design


          To subscribe to one of these groups, send an e-mail message to
          [21][e-mail] and include the words:
          _subscribe info-listname_ in the message body area, where
          listname matches one of the names listed above. For a complete
          set of instructions, send a message to
          [22][e-mail] with the word _HELP_ in
          the message body. For an up-to-date list of SPIE listserver
          groups at any time, send the word _LISTS_ to the same address.

   _The Material Handling Institute_



    8720 Red Oak Blvd, Suite 201
    Charlotte, NC 28217


          Primary robotics related focus of MHI is on AGV's.

   _Robotic Industries Association (RIA)_



    net: [23][e-mail]
    url: [24]http://www.robotics.org
    900 Victors Way, P.O. Box 3724
    Ann Arbor, MI 48106
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   Founded in 1974, RIA is the industry's "central clearinghouse" for the
   exchange of technical and trade related information between robot
   manufacturers, distributors, corporate users, accessory equipment and
   systems suppliers, consultants, research groups and international
   organizations. RIA is the common ground where these groups can come
   together to discuss problems and solutions dealing with the
   implementation of robot and vision automation technology.

   Robotic Industries Association is the umbrella organization to four
   specialty associations. See the [25]RIA homepage for more details.

     * Automated Imaging Association (AIA)
     * The Association for Robotics in Hazardous Environments (RHE)
     * International Service Robot Association (ISRA)
     * Global Automation Information Network (GAIN)

   _Society of Manufacturing Engineers, (SME)_



    One SME Drive
    PO Box 930
    Dearborn, MI 48121
    tel: [phone]

   _Utility/Manufacturer Robot Users group (UMRUG)_



    Contact: Harry T. Roman
    MC: 16-H
    Public Service Electric and Gas Company
    80 Park Plaza
    PO Box 570
    Newark, NJ 07101
    tel: [phone]

     _________________________________________________________________

  [3.2] Robotics Associations of Many Countries

   Compiled from a list provided by the British Robot Association.
   Alphabatized by English spelling of country.

   _Australian Robot Association Inc_



    G.P.O. Box 1527
    SYDNEY 2001
    New South Wales
    Australia
    Contact: Mr Michael Kassler
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   _Osterreichisches Forschungszentrum_



    Seibersdorf GmbH
    Hauptabteilung Fertigungstechnik und Automation
    A-2444 SEIBERSDORF
    Austria
    Contact: Mr Erwin Fugger
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   _SOBRACON - Sociedade Brasileira de Comando_



    Numerico, Automazacao e Computacao Grafica
    Rua General Jardim, 645-7 andar, cjto.72
    01223 011 - Sao Paulo, SP
    Brazil
    Contact: Mr. Arnaldo Pereira Ribeiro
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   _British Robot Association (BRA)_



    BRA Aston Science Park
    Love Lane
    Birmingham B7 4BJ
    England
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]


          Meetings, newsletters, information, contacts, sponsor of
          several events in the UK. Individual and Student rate is 60
          pounds UK.

   _Robot Interindustry Research and Production Association (MNTK
   "Robot")_



    Izmailovskaya sq.,7
    MOSCOW - Russia
    CIS
    Contact: Mr. Vladimir P Stepanov
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   _China Society of Industrial Automation and Automated Industries_



    8, 7F, Tun Hwa N. Rd.
    TAIPEI - China
    Contact: Mr. Chen, Chen-Chang
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   _Danish Industrial Robot Association (DIRA)_



    Teknologiparken
    DK-8000 AARHUS C
    Denmark
    Contact: Mr. John Nielsen
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   _Robotics Society in Finland_



    c/o Suomen Automaation Tuki Oy
    Asemapaallikonk. 12 C
    FIN-00520 HELSINKI
    Finland
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]
    Contact: Mr. Hannu Lehtinen
    e-mail: [e-mail]

   _Fachgemeinschaft MHI im VDMA_



    P.O. Box 71 08 64
    D-6000 FRANKFURT (MAIN) 71
    Germany
    Contact: Mr. Berndt Knoerr
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   _IPA _



    Nobelstrasse 12
    D-7000 STUTTGART 80
    Germany
    Contact: Mr Rolf D Schraft
    tel:[phone]
    fax: [phone]

   _Association Francaise de Robotique_



    Industrielle (AFRI)
    Tour 66
    4, Place Jussieu
    F-75252 PARIS CEDEX 05
    France
    Contact: Mr. Arnauld Laffaille
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   _Hungarian Robotics Association_



    c/o Tungsram T.H. Co.Ltd.
    Centre of Robotics and Automation
    H-1340 Budapest
    IV., Vaci ut 77
    Hungary
    Contact: Dr. Jozsef K. Tar
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   _Government of India_



    Ministry of Science and Technology
    Dept. of Science and Technology
    Technology Bhavan
    New Mehrauli Road
    New Delhi-110 016
    India
    Contact: Mr. A.N.N. Murthy, Director
    tel: [phone], 654-793
    fax: [phone]

   _SIRI - Associazione Italiana di Robotica_



    c/o ETAS Periodici
    Via Mecenate 91
    I-20138 MILANO
    Italy
    Contact: Mr Daniele Fabrizi
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   _Japan Industrial Robot Association_



    c/o Kikaishinko Bldg
    3-5-8, Shibakoen, Minato-Ku
    TOKYO
    Japan
    Contact: Mr Kanji Yonemoto
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   _KIST - Korea Institute of Science and Technology_



    P.O. Box 131, Cheongryang
    Seoul
    Korea
    Contact: Mr. Chun Sik-lee
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   _Meininger Automation bv_



    P.O. Box 743
    NL-2280 AS RIJSWIJK
    Netherlands
    Contact: Mr Jack B Eijlers
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   _Federation of Norwegian Engineering Industries (TBL)_



    Box 7072 - H
    N-0306 OSLO 3
    Norway
    Contact: Mr Johan Ulleland
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   _Polish Federation of Engineering Associations (NOT)_



    Czackiego Str 3/5
    PL-00950 WARSZAWA
    Poland
    Contact: Mr. Kazimierz Wawrzyniak
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   _Singapore Industrial Automation Association (SIAA)_



    151 Chin Swee Road
    #03-13 Manhattan House
    SINGAPORE 0316
    Singapore
    Contact: Mr Stephen Teng
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   _MVVZ Robot_



    Nam. Legionarov 3
    CZ-080 01 PRESOV
    Slovakia
    Contact: Mr Vladimir Cop
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   _"J. Stefan" Institute_



    Jamova 39
    61000 Ljubljana
    Slovenia
    Contact: Mr Jadran Lenarcic
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone], 273-677

   _Asociacion Espanola de Robotica_



    Rambla de Catalunya 70, 3r 2a
    E-08007 BARCELONA
    Spain
    Contact: Mr Luis Basanez
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   _Swedish Industrial Robot Association (SWIRA)_



    Box 5506
    S-114 85 STOCKHOLM
    Sweden
    Contact: Mr Thomas Hardenby
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   _Schweizerische Gesellschaft fur_



    Automatik, Arbeitsgruppe Robotik
    Postgasse 17
    CH-3011 BERN
    Switzerland
    Contact: Mr Charles Giroud
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   _British Robot Association (BRA)_



    Aston Science Park, Love Lane
    Aston Triangle
    BIRMINGHAM B7 4BJ
    United Kingdom
    Contact: Mr. Donald Pitt
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   _Robotic Industries Assoc (RIA)_



    P.O. Box 3724
    ANN ARBOR, MI 48106
    USA
    Contact: Mr. Donald A. Vincent
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   _Secretariat of IFR_



    c/o Sveriges Verkstadsindustrier
    Box 5506
    S-114 85 STOCKHOLM
    Sweden
    Contact: Mr Lennart Djupmark
    Mrs Kerstin Teglof Delgado
    tel: [phone] or [phone]
    fax: [phone]

     _________________________________________________________________

  [3.3] Robotics Clubs

   The original computer club in Silicon Valley was the Homebrew computer
   club, out of which evolved a major portion of the personal computer
   industry. In that spirit, if not the hope for history repeating
   itself, a number of robotics societies and clubs have sprung up.

   _Atlanta Hobby Robotics Association_



    John W. Gutmann
    P.O. Box 2050
    Stone Mountain, GA 30086
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]
    net: [26][e-mail]
    bbs: Robots R4U 404.978.7300 - 300-14400 - 8N1 - 24hrs - 7days

   Supporting Hobby Robot activity in Atlanta and more. Source of "Robot
   Hobby; The Complete Manual, for Individuals and Clubs" See Books
   Section.

   _Connecticut Robotics Society_



    c/o Jake Mendelssohn
    190 Mohegan Drive
    West Hartford, CT 06117
    tel: [phone]
    net: [27][e-mail]

   _Computers, Robotics and Artists Society of Houston [CRASH]_



    contact: Jason Asbahr
    net: [28][e-mail]
    116 E. Edgebrook #603
    Houston, Texas 77034
    tel: [phone]
    net: [29][e-mail]
    url: [30]http://www.crash.org/crash.html
    url: [31]http://fisher.psych.uh.edu/crash.html


   C.R.A.S.H is a non-profit organization. We bring together people with
   technical, educational, and artistic backgrounds to develop and
   distribute software, media, and learning environments. We organize
   hands-on events where children and adults construct and interact with
   friendly robots, virtual worlds, digital fairy tales, and multimedia
   art projects.

   _The Dallas Personal Robotics Group_



    Dallas Personal Robotics Group
    c/o Eric Yundt - President
    5112 Hardaway Circle
    The Colony, TX 75056
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]
    url: [32]http://www.robotics.com/dprg.html
    net: [33][e-mail], [34][e-mail]
    [35][e-mail],
    BBS: The Interociter BBS 214.650.0237

   _LA Area Robotics and Automation Group_




    Los Angeles, CA


   If you wish to subscribe to the mailing list, please send a message
   to: [36][e-mail] with a blank Subject: line and the body
   of the message reading:
   subscribe la-ragroup

   _Nashua Robot Builders Club [NRB] _



    (formerly Boston Robot Group)
    c/o John Cooke
    133-A Haines St BBS:
    Nashua, NH 03060
    net: [37][e-mail]
    tel: [phone]

   Meetings second Saturday at 1pm. For those who like computers and
   robots to meet and trade ideas, parts, know-how etc.

   _Northern New Mexico Robotics Group_



    MSD434, LANL
    Los Alamos, NM 87545
    contact: Mark W. Tilden
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]
    net: [38][e-mail]
    url: [39]http://www.acl.lanl.gov/~mwd/NNMR

   Meet last Saturday of month, at noon, at Mesa Public Library.

   _Palo Alto Homebrew Robotics Club_



    c/o Chuck McManis
    561 Hyannis Drive
    Sunnyvale, CA 94087
    [40][e-mail]

   _Portland Area Robotics Society (PARTS)_



    821 SW 14th
    Troutdale, OR 97060
    tel: [phone]
    net: [41][e-mail]
    contact: Marvin Green
    [42]PARTS Web Site


          Meet 1st Saturday of month at Mount Hood Community College.
          The purpose of the Portland Area Robotics Society is to support
          and promote the development of personal robotics, and to
          facilitate the exchange of information between robot
          enthusiasts. P.A.R.T.S will help provide practical and
          technical assistance to its members, by promoting
          experimentation, construction, discussions, seminars,
          exhibitions, and contests, in the field of hobby robotics.
          Membership to P.A.R.T.S shall be open to all persons, who are
          interested in learning more about robotics, and furthering the
          objectives of the club. To get the most from P.A.R.T.S, active
          participation is wholeheartedly encouraged. After all, you only
          get out of it what you put into it. Membership is $20 a year
          and includes the PARTS newsletter.
          PARTS also has a newsletter that focuses on robotics for the
          hobbyist. Each issue contains valuable information on
          electronics, microcontrollers, sensors, hardware construction
          and software for robotics. You can obtain a set of twelve
          newsletters for only $9.95. This includes shipping and
          handling.

   _The Robot Group_



    POB 164334
    Austin, TX 78716
    contact: Alex Iles, President
    tel: [phone]
    url: [43]http://www.robotgroup.org
    net: [44][e-mail]


   Meet every Thursday, Ted's Greek Corner, 417 Congress Ave, 7:30 PM.

   _Robotics Club of Maryland_



    Computer Science Dept.
    A.V. Williams Bldg. (115)
    University of Maryland
    College Park, Md. 20742-3255
    contact: Stephen Klueter, President
    net: [45][e-mail]

   _Robotics Group_



    President/founder: Franco Arteseros
    13702 East Lehigh Ave, unit E.
    Aurora, CO 80014
    tel: [phone]
    net: [46][e-mail]

   _The Robotics Society of America_



    PO Box 1205
    Danville, CA 94526-1205
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]
    bbs: 415.648.6427 (supports 14.4Kb)
    net: [47][e-mail]


   Subscription to SFRSA "Magazine" The normal subscription rate will be
   $25 for 12 monthly issues.

   _Robotics Society of Southern California_



    Jess Jackson, President
    PO Box 26044
    Santa Ana, CA 92799-6044
    tel: [phone] (fax too)
    bbs: 714.538.0614
    net: [48][e-mail]

   _Rochester Institute of Technology_



    Brace Peters, President
    net: [49][e-mail]
    RIT Robotics Club
    1502 Grace Watson Hall
    Rochester, New York 14623


   Meetings are held every Sunday, 7:00 pm in building 09, room 2139
   (Gleason building)

   _San Francisco Robotics Society of America_



    Brad Smallridge, Director
    P.O.Box 1205
    Danvile, CA 94526-1205
    415-550-0588
    BBS 415-648-6427, 14.4K N81
    [50][e-mail]

   _Seattle Robotics Society_



    contact: Karl Lunt
    net: [51][e-mail]
    P.O.Box 665
    Mill Creek, WA 98012
    tel: [phone]
    url: [52]http://www.hhhh.org/srs


   Meet 3rd Saturday, 10:00 AM at Renton Technical College, Rm J-205.

   _Triangle Amateur Robotics Club_



    P.O. Box 17523
    Raleigh, NC 27619
    tel: [phone]
    net: [53][e-mail] (Rodney Radford)
    tel: [phone] x7703
    hme: 919.469.9359


   Meets first Monday of every month at 7:30pm on NCSU campus (110 Clark
   Lab)

   _Twin Cities Robotics/AI Group _



    St Paul, Minnesota
    Contact: Alan Kilian
    tel: [phone]
    [54][e-mail]
    [55][e-mail]
    url: [56]http://lenti.med.umn.edu/~mwd/robot.html

   _University of North Carolina Asheville Robotics Club_



    contact: Paul Schuh
    tel: [phone]
    net: [57][e-mail]

     _________________________________________________________________

   A related group:

   _MicroMechanics Information Clearinghouse_


   Requests to join list are sent to: FTP site: [58]ftp://mems.isi.edu/,
   directories: /pub/prm, /pub/prospero, /pub/mems, /pub/papers and here:
   [59]http://mems.isi.edu/mems
     _________________________________________________________________

   _Robot related performance art:_

   _Survival Research Laboratories_



    1458-C San Bruno Ave.
    San Francisco, CA 94110
    tel/fax: [phone]
    contact: SRL director Mark Pauline
    net: [60][e-mail] (may or may not be up on any given day...)
    net: [61][e-mail] or [62][e-mail]


   Survival Research Laboratories is a not-for-profit machine-
   performance art group conceived of and founded by Mark Pauline in
   November 1978. Since its inception SRL has operated as an organization
   of creative technicians dedicated to re-directing the techniques,
   tools, and tenets of industry, science, and the military away from
   their typical manifestations in practicality, product or warfare.

   Since 1979, SRL has staged over 45 mechanized presentations in the
   United States and Europe. Each performance consists of a unique set of
   ritualized interactions between machines, robots, and special effects
   devices, employed in developing themes of socio-political satire.
   Humans are present only as audience or operators.


   Survival Research Laboratories is accessible via WWW and email:
   [63]http://www.srl.org and
   [64]http://www.catch22.com/~srl


   The site has scanned-in photographs and video images of SRL shows in
   GIF and JPG format and news. Questions or comments to
   [65][e-mail].


   Joel Plutchak has a WWW mirror site for SRL at:
   [66]http://lager.geo.brown.edu:8080/pub/srl/ and
   [67]ftp://lager.geo.brown.edu


   There are two SRL tapes carried by Media Magic - a company that has
   all sorts of great books, programs, CD-ROMs, laser disks, videos, etc
   dealing with computers in science and art. The tapes are:
     * #v112a The Pleasures Of Unihibited Excess ($30)
     * #v112b The Will To Provoke ($25)



    Media Magic
    P.O. Box 598
    Nicasio, CA 94946
    tel: [phone] or orders
    tel: [phone]
      _______________________________________________________________

    Last-Modified: Sun Aug 11 09:12:13 1996 [68]Kevin Dowling
    <[e-mail]>

References

   1. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/copyright.html
   2. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/TOC.html
   3. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/3.html#3.1
   4. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/3.html#3.2
   5. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/3.html#3.3
   6. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/[e-mail]
   7. mailto:[e-mail]
   8. http://www.robotics.org/
   9. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/3.html#RIA
  10. mailto:[e-mail]
  11. http://cwis.usc.edu/dept/robotics/other/auvsarc/auvsarc.html
  12. ftp://usc.edu/pub/nn_robotics/other/auvsarc/
  13. mailto:[e-mail]
  14. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/http//www.robotics.org
  15. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/3.html#RIA
  16. ftp://ftp.ieee.org/
  17. mailto:[e-mail]
  18. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/http//www.robotics.org
  19. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/3.html#RIA
  20. ftp://mom.spie.org/
  21. mailto:[e-mail]
  22. mailto:[e-mail]
  23. mailto:[e-mail]
  24. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/http//www.robotics.org
  25. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/http//www.robotics.org
  26. mailto:[e-mail]
  27. mailto:[e-mail]
  28. mailto:[e-mail]
  29. mailto:[e-mail]
  30. http://www.crash.org/crash.html
  31. http://fisher.psych.uh.edu/crash.html
  32. http://www.robotics.com/dprg.html
  33. mailto:[e-mail]
  34. mailto:[e-mail]
  35. mailto:[e-mail]
  36. mailto:[e-mail]
  37. mailto:[e-mail]
  38. mailto:[e-mail]
  39. http://www.acl.lanl.gov/~mwd/NNMR
  40. mailto:[e-mail]
  41. mailto:[e-mail]
  42. http://www.rdrop.com/users/marvin
  43. http://www.robotgroup.org/
  44. mailto:[e-mail]
  45. mailto:[e-mail]
  46. mailto:[e-mail]
  47. mailto:[e-mail]
  48. mailto:[e-mail]
  49. mailto:[e-mail]
  50. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/[e-mail]
  51. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/[e-mail]
  52. http://www.hhhh.org/srs
  53. mailto:[e-mail]
  54. mailto:[e-mail]
  55. mailto:[e-mail]
  56. http://lenti.med.umn.edu/~mwd/robot.html
  57. mailto:[e-mail]
  58. ftp://mems.isi.edu/
  59. http://mems.isi.edu/mems
  60. mailto:[e-mail]
  61. mailto:[e-mail]
  62. mailto:[e-mail]
  63. http://www.srl.org/
     _________________________________________________________________

[4.0] What Robotics Related Periodicals and Publications are there?

     _________________________________________________________________

   [3][4.1] Magazines, Journals, Newsletters
          [4][4.1.1] Robotics Publications
          [5][4.1.2] Trade magazines
          [6][4.1.3] Other sources

   [7][4.2] Books, Online Information and Videos
          [8][4.2.1] Books
          [9][4.2.2] CDROMS
          [10][4.2.3] Magazine Articles
          [11][4.2.4] Online Technical Reports
          [12][4.2.5] Videos

     _________________________________________________________________

[4.1] Magazines, Journals, Newsletters

   There are a number of academic journals and trade magazines devoted to
   robotics. Until recently, there are no magazines currently devoted to
   the hobbyist or designer of robotic mechanisms. In the 1980's Robotics
   Engineering (nee Robotics Age) lasted for 7-8 years but folded.
   Hopefully, there is more interest in robotics today to support these
   periodicals.
     _________________________________________________________________

  [4.1.1] Robotics Publications

   This list of periodical covers the academic journals, the trade
   magazines devoted to both robotics and relevant sub-areas, and the
   lone newsletter for hobbyists.

   _Advanced Robotics _(in English)



    The International Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan.
    ISSN 0169-1864
    Editor-in-Chief, Robotics Society of Japan, 6FL. Bunkyo-Shogaku
    Bldg.,
    1-15-4, Hongu, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan.

   Subscriptions and orders:



    VSP
    PO Box 346,
    3700 AH Zeist,
    The Netherlands.

   Bimonthly, DM525 (1993 price).

   _Automation in Construction_



    Publisher: Elsevier Science Publisher B. V., Amsterdam.
    Desk Editor: Erik de Vries
    The Editor of the journal is
    Dr. T. Michael Knasel
    10324 Lake Avenue
    Cleveland, OH 441102-1239.
    fax: [phone].

   _Autonomous Robots_



    ISSN 0929-5593
    Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Journal Dept
    PO Box 358, Accord Station
    Hingham, MA 02018-0358
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]
    subscription: $50/individual
    Vol 1, 1994 (2 issues)
    Editor-in-chief
    George Bekey

   _Industrial Robot_



    ISSN 0143-991X
    Quarterly, $145/year
    MCB University Press Ltd.
    62 Toller Lane
    Bradford, West Yorkshire
    England, BD8 9BY
    tel: [phone],
    fax: [phone]
    --in the US
    MCB University Press Ltd.
    PO Box 10812
    Birmingham, AL 35201-0812
    tel: [phone] (1-205-995-1567),
    fax: [phone]

   _Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)_



    Service Center
    445 Hoes Lane
    Piscataway, NJ 08854-4150
    tel: [phone]
    tel: 800.678.IEEE
    [13]ftp://ftp.ieee.org/

   The IEEE has a formidable array of journals, transactions and
   magazines. Here are a few that are relevant to robotics work:


   IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation
   IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics
   IEEE Control Systems Magazine
   IEEE Computer Magazine
   IEEN Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
   IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics Cost: Have to join IEEE
   and then subscribe. Student rates are much less expensive than
   non-student rates.

   _International Journal of Robotics and Automation_
   Published 4 times annually. ISSN 0826-8185



    ACTA Press,
    PO Box 354,
    CH-8053,
    Zurich, Switzerland

   or



    ACTA Press
    PO Box 2481
    Anaheim, CA 92814

   Subscriptions: $165 US or 313.50 SFr. ($12 US or 22.80 SFr postage and
   handling). A special rate is available to members of IASTED.

   _International Journal of Robotics Research (IJRR)_



    MIT Press
    28 Carleton Street
    Cambridge, MA 02142

   Cost: $50/year to individuals

   _Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems_



    Kluwer Academic Publishers Group
    PO Box 322,
    3300 AH Dordrecht,
    The Netherlands

   in the US:



    PO Box 358
    Accord Station,
    Hingham, MA 02018-0358

   Three issues per volume, $58.50 per volume (individual)

   _Journal of the Robotics Society of Japan_



    Robotics Society of Japan
    6Fl. Bunkyo Shogaku Bldg.,
    1-15-4 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan
    tel: [phone] fax: [phone].

   The table of contents (TOC) are posted to comp.research.japan and
   comp.robotics as they are available, although there is some delay. All
   of the TOC for this and other Japanese CS journals are archived for
   anonymous FTP at
   [14]ftp://cs.arizona.edu/japan/table.contents/robotics.TOC/jrsj.TOC

   _Journal of Robotic Systems_



    G. Beni and S. Hackwood, editors
    College of Engineering
    University of California, Riverside
    Riverside, CA 92521-0425

   Publisher:



    Interscience Division
    Professional, Reference, and Trade Group
    John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
    605 Third Ave.
    New York, NY 10158

   _Mechatronics (Mechanics, Electronics, Control)_
   Editors-in-Chief:



    Dr. R. W. Daniel
    Department of Engineering Science,
    University of Oxford,
    Parks Road,
    Oxford, OX1-3PJ
    United Kingdom:
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]
    -
    Professor J. R. Hewit
    Engineering Design Institute
    Department of Mechanical Engineering,
    University of Technology, Loughborough
    Leicestershire, LE11 3TU
    UNITED KINGDOM
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone])

   Published by Pergamon Press Ltd, Headington Hill Hall, Oxford OX3 0BW
   UK. 1993 subscription rates: 193 pounds Sterling (US $312) Personal
   subscription rates for those whose library subscribes at a regular
   rate are available on request. Subscription rates for Japan are
   available on request.

   * _Military Robotics_



    L&B Limited
    19 Rock Creek Church Road
    N.W., Washington, DC 20011-6005
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]
    net: [15][e-mail]

   This bi-weekly publication reports on government and military unmanned
   vehicles in land, sea and air applications and has been published
   since 1986.

   The newsletter subscription cost is $350 (U.S.) and $375 (outside
   North America).

   _Robot (Japanese)_



    Industrial Robots and Application Systems
    published bimonthly
    Japan Industrial Robot Association (JIRA)
    Kikai-Shinko Building
    3-5-8, Shiba-Kohen,
    Mina To-ku
    Tokyo, Japan
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   _Robot Explorer_



    Appropriate Solutions
    145 Grove Street
    PO Box 458
    Peterborough, NH 03458-0458
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]
    net: [e-mail]
    ISSN: 1060-4375

   'The newsletter of motile systems' $14.95/year in the US, $29.95 to
   the rest of the world.

   _Robotica _



    Cambridge University Press
    The Edinburgh Building
    Shaftesbury Road,
    Cambridge CB2 2RU (UK)

   in the US:



    Cambridge University Press
    Journals Department
    40 West 20th Street
    New York, NY 10011-4211

   International Journal of Information, Education and Research in
   Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Quarterly publication, US $179
   per year

   _Robotics and Autonomous Systems_
   In Europe:



    Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
    Journals Department
    PO Box 211, 100 AE Amsterdam
    The Netherlands

   Editors in Chief:



    Prof. F.C.A. Groen
    University of Amsterdam
    Faculty of Mathematics and CS
    Dept. of Computer Systems
    Kruislaan 403
    1098 SJ Amsterdam
    The Netherlands
    net:

   In the US and Canada:



    Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc.
    Journal Information Center
    655 Avenue of the Americas
    New York, NY 10010

   Editor in Chief:



    Prof. T.C. Henderson
    University of Utah
    Dept. of Computer Science
    3160 Merrill Engineering Bldg.
    Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
    net:

   _Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing_



    Elsevier Science Inc,
    660 White Plains Road,
    Tarrytown, NY 10591-5153, USA

   or



    Elsevier Science Ltd,
    The Boulevard,
    Langford Lane,
    Kidlington, Oxford, OX5 1GB, UK.

   Pergamon Press, ISSN 0736-5845
   Editorial Office: Dr. Andre Sharon, Associate Editor, [e-mail]

   _The Robotics Practitioner_



    Footfalls, Ltd.
    483 S. Kirkwood Road, Suite 130
    Kirkwood, MO 63122
    net: [e-mail]

   Published quarterly. The charter subscription rate is $29. This will
   go up to $36 after March 31, 1995. MO residents add $1.73 tax, Canada
   and Mexico add $6 postage. All other foreign add $16 postage.

   _Robotics Today_



    Society of Manufacturing Engineers
    One SME Drive
    PO Box 930
    Dearborn, MI 48121
    tel: [phone]

   _Robotics World_



    Communication Channels
    6255 Barfield Road
    Atlanta, GA 30328
    tel: [phone]

   "The end-user's magazine of flexible automation." Published quarterly
   They also publish the Robotics World Directory $49.95

   + _Unmanned Systems_



    1735 N. Lynn Street, Suite 950
    Arlington, VA 22209-2022
    tel: [phone]

   Editor: Sarah M. Cook. Subscription: $40/year (US), $50/year (outside
   USA) (4 issues) Published by [16]The Association for Unmanned Vehicle
   Systems International.
     _________________________________________________________________

   _InterLingua Retrieval Service_ InterLingua, an information retrieval
   and translation company, will be making available (starting January,
   1995) at no cost the tables-of-contents of selected Japanese
   publications every month. This is part of a larger project in the
   science / technology arena that we are engaged in, so it is possible
   for us to make this information available at no obligation.

   T-O-Cs of Japanese publications in the computer/electronics cateogry
   will be posted on the Usenet group (comp.research.japan). However,
   other T-O-Cs can be delivered via e-mail to you if you contact us with
   your address and category preferences at the e-mail address below.
   (Sorry, we are unable to deliver via post office or fax).

   Below is a list of categories in which we are currently translating
   T-O-Cs and making them available at no cost. Should you have any other
   suggestions, please let us know. If there is sufficient interest in
   other categories, we will consider making arrangements with Japanese
   publishers.

   Tables-of-contents from Japanese magazines will be available in the
   following categories:

    1. General engineering (robotics, materials, inventions and patents)
    2. Mechanical engineering
    3. Transportation engineering
    4. Metal engineering
    5. Chemistry and chemical engineering
    6. Energy engineering
    7. Nuclear engineering
    8. Electrical engineering
    9. Electronics and communication technology
   10. Information science (software and hardware)

   Again, these are the subject areas in which InterLingua is currently
   engaged in translations and information retrieval. Any additional
   suggestions are more than welcome.

   To subscribe to our e-mail delivery service contact us by e-mail at:
   [e-mail]

     _________________________________________________________________

  [4.1.2] Trade Magazines

   Usually free, mostly ads or industry news. Many articles written by
   advertisers. Great sources of product information. Our lab at CMU
   receives 50-60 trade magazines and journals per month and while no one
   reads all of the articles, pointers are passed on to people around the
   lab. This keeps the group abreast of new products and developments.

   _Advanced Imaging_



    445 Broad Hollow Rd.
    Melville, NY 11747
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   Subscription free to qualified professionals, $50/yr otherwise.

   _ComputerCraft_



    CQ Communications
    76 N. Broadway
    Hicksville, NY 11801
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   Cost: $18.97/yr, ISSN: 1055-5072

   _Computer Applications Journal_



    Circuit Cellar Inc.
    4 Park St. Suite 20
    Vernon, CT 06066
    Subscriptions: P.O. Box 7694
    Riverton, NJ 08077
    tel: [phone]

   Cost: $21.95/yr. ISSN: 0896-8985 Excellent for those building
   hardware, programming microcontrollers, etc. Also a very good source
   for companies who have products in these areas.

   _Design News_



    Cahners Publishing Co.
    275 Washington Street
    Newton, MA. 02158

   News and Applications for design engineers. Cost: Free to qualified
   recipients.

   _EE Times_



    CMP Publications, Inc.
    600 Community Drive
    Manhasset, NY 11030

   Cost: Free to qualified recipients (in the U.S.); otherwise $159/yr
   (U.S. and Foreign)

   _Electronic Design_



    Penton Publishing Inc
    1100 Superior Ave
    Cleveland, OH 44114-2543
    611 Route #46 West
    Hasbrouck Heights, NJ 07604
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   Cost: $95.00/yr (free if qualified) ISSN: 0013-4872

   _Electronics Now (formerly Radio Electronics)_



    Gernsback Publications Inc
    Subscription Dept
    Box 55115
    Boulder, CO 80321-5115
    500-B Bi-County Boulevard
    Farmingdale, NY 11735
    tel: [phone]

   Cost: $19.97/yr. ISSN: 0033-7862

   _Embedded Systems Programming_



    Miller Freeman
    600 Harrison St.
    San Francisco, CA 94107
    tel: [phone] (customer service)
    tel: [phone]
    bbs: 415.905.2689.

   Cost: $49.95 for 12 issue

   _Laser Focus World_



    10 Tara Blvd., Fifth Floor (Editorial Office)
    Nashua, NH 03062
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]
    internet: [e-mail]

   Subscription Inquiries: 918.831.9424

   _Machine Design_



    Penton Publishing Inc.
    1100 Superior Ave.
    Cleveland, OH 44114-2543
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   Cost: Free to qualified recipients in the U.S.; otherwise $100.00/yr
   in U.S., $140/yr in Canada, $160/yr for all others

   _Midnight Engineering _



    Published by William E Gates, [No, not that Bill....]
    111 E. Drake Road
    Suite 7041
    Fort Collins, CO 80525
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   One-year (6 issues) $24, canada and mexico $29, other foreign $49
   (airmail) Perhaps marginal for this list but focus is on "resources
   and insight for the entrepreneurial engineer" Issues and articles on
   developing hardware, software, micro-controllers, product development,
   marketing, patenting issues, startups, etc etc. Excellent if you need
   this info.

   _Modern Materials Handling_



    44 Cook Street
    Denver, CO 80206-5800
    tel: [phone]

   Trade magazine covering productivity solutions for manufacturing,
   warehousing and distribution. Typically includes articles on factory
   automation, etc. Cost: Free to qualified recipients; otherwise - $75
   for US subscribers.

   _Motion Control_



    Tower Media Corp.
    800 Roosevelt Rd.
    Bldg. C, Suite 206
    Glen Ellyn, IL 60137

   Trade magazine for Motion Control applications and Technology. Cost:
   Free to qualified recipients in the U.S.; otherwise - $50/yr in U.S.
   $90/yr foreign subscriptions.

   _NASA Tech Briefs_



    Associated Business Publications Co., Ltd.
    41 E. 42nd St.
    New York, NY 10017-5391

   Contains useful technology transfer information which very often
   includes robotics research performed at various NASA centers. Cost:
   Free to qualified recipients; otherwise - $75.00/yr in the U.S.,
   $150.00/yr for Foreign subscriptions.

   _Nuts and Volts_



    430 Princeland Court
    Corona, CA 91719
    tel: [phone]
    net: [e-mail]

   Electronics classifieds and ads. Lots of devices and products relevant
   for robot builders. Often features articles on robot building by Karl
   Lunt.

   _Sensors_



    Helmers Publishing
    174 Concord Street
    PO Box 874
    Peterborough, NH 03458-0874
    tel: [phone]

   Trade magazine devoted to sensing devices. Publishes directory. Cost:
   Free to qualified subscribers, $55/yr otherwise.

   _To be added:_ GPS World (Global Positioning System related), RF
   Design, Sea Technology, Laser Focus, POB (surveying profession),
   Broadcast Engineering.

     _________________________________________________________________

  [4.1.3] Other sources:

   _Thomas Register_



    Thomas Publishing Company
    One Penn Plaza
    New York, NY 10117-0139
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   About $250 for a 20-odd volume encyclopedia of US industry.
   Concentration on heavier industries - but still an amazing source for
   information. No company or lab building products should be without
   one. Available on CD-ROM for about $300.

   _EEM_


    [Address to add]

   The 'Thomas Register' for Electrical engineers.
     _________________________________________________________________

  [4.2] Books, Online Information and Videos


   [17][4.2.1] Books
   [18][4.2.2] CDROMS
   [19][4.2.3] Magazine Articles
   [20][4.2.4] Online Technical Reports
   [21][4.2.5] Videos

   The readership of this group ranges from the beginner to experienced
   robot designers and users. Accordingly, this list covers the gamut as
   well. I would like to include net resources as well such as papers or
   tech reports so send me your sites!

     _________________________________________________________________

  [4.2.1] Books

   Some of these books may be out of print. Check with your local
   bookseller or try a used bookstore that provides a search service.

   _Advanced Robot Systems_



    Mark J. Robillard
    Howard Sams and Co. 1984

   _Autonomous Robot Vehicles_



    I.J. Cox and G.T. Wilfong (eds)
    New York, Springer-Verlag, 1990
    Collection of seminal papers on autonmous robot vehicles.

   _Build Your Own Universal Computer Interface_



    Bruce Chubb
    TAB Books

   _Control System Design Guide_



    George Ellis

   ISBN 0-12-237470-3 Covers hardware,software and theory of ordinary PID
   control.

   _Directed Sonar Sensing for Mobile Robot Navigation_



    by John J. Leonard and Hugh F. Durant-Whyte
    Kluwer Academic Press
    Boston (1992)
    ISBN 0-7923-9242-6

   An expansion on John's thesis work at Oxford.

   _The Illusion Of Life, Lifelike Robotics_



    by Gene Poor
    Published by Creative Learning Systems.

   It has lots of pictures and shows lots of different companies and
   their animatronic designs and what is used to control them. If anyone
   has further information on this book please send email to me. Thanks.

   _Industrial Robots: Computer Interfacing and Control, Wesley E. Snyder_



    Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1985.
    LOC # TS191.8.S67

   Fair amount of detail on inductrial robot controllers and connecting
   to them.

   _Inside the Robot Kingdom: Japan, Mechatronics and the Coming
   Robotopia_



    Frederik L. Schodt
    Kodansha International
    New York, NY 1988

   Lots of interesting views of robots in Japan and Japan's fascination
   with robots.

   _Interfacing Test Circuits With Single-Board Computers_



    Robert H. Luetzow
    TAB Books

   _Machines That Walk_



    Shin-Min Song and Kenneth J Waldron
    ISBN 0-262-19274-8

   Like it says: legged locomotion. Focus is on the OSU Adaptive
   Suspension Vehicle.

   _A Mathematical Introduction to Robotic Manipulation_



    R. M. Murray, Z. Li, and S. S. Sastry
    CRC Press, 1994

   For more information, see [22]http://avalon.caltech.edu/~murray/mls

   _Microprocessor Based Robotics_



    Mark J. Robillard
    Howard Sams and Co. 1983

   _Microcontroller Technology: The 68HC11_



    Peter Spasov
    Regents/Prentice Hall, 1993, ISBN 0-13-583568-2

   Aimed at the 68HC11 family, good reference.

   _Minimalist Mobile Robotics_



    Jonathan H Connel
    ISBN 0-12-185230-X

   Brooks subsumption architecture robots. Shows complex behaviors are
   possible with little of the massive architectures done in other
   programs.

   _Mobile Robots: Inspiration to Implementation._



    Joseph L. Jones and Anita Flynn,

   This book grew out of the Mobot Lab at MIT and covers many aspects of
   mobile robots including design and the mechanics and electronics of
   construction as well as robot programming. Good for the beginner and
   experienced robot builder. A Mobile Robot kit is also available. See
   the Rug Warrior in the section on Small, Inexpensive Robots. Check out
   AK Peters web page as well for a variety of books, kits and other
   mobile robot products.



    Klaus Peters
    President and Publisher
    AK PETERS, LTD.
    289 Linden Street
    Wellesley, MA 02181
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]
    net:
    ulr: [23]http://www.tiac.net/users/akpeters

   * _Navigating Mobile Robots: Systems and Techniques_



    Joahann Borenstein, H.R. Everett, and Liquang Feng
    A K Peters, Ltd., 1996
    ISBN 1-56881-058-X

   An excellent overview and introduction to navigation sensors, methods
   and techniques. If you are at all concerned with tracking, guiding and
   mapping of mobile systems, then you need this book.

   * _Recent Trends in Mobile Robots_



    Edited by Y. F. Zheng
    World Scientific
    tel: [phone]
    Singapore/New Jersey/London/Hong Kong (1993)
    ISBN 981-02-1511-8

   Written by the members of the Mobile Robots Technical Committee of the
   IEEE Robotics and Automation Society.

   _The Robot Book_



    Richard Pawson
    Windward, 1985, 192 pages.

   Utilizes Lego kits.

   _The Robot Builder's Bonanza: 99 Inexpensive Robotics Projects_



    Gordon McComb
    TAB Books

   The general consensus is that this is a good attempt for hobbyists.
   Unfortunately this book has a number of errors - comp.robotics.misc
   has covered a number of these. I hope to collect a number of these;
   perhaps if it is reprinted or a new edition comes out these can be
   corrected.

   One example: Walkerbot (pg 136)it calls for two pieces of 1x1x1/16
   angle stock 23 7/8" and two 17 5/8" these pices should be 24" and 17
   7/8 " respectively.

   _Robot Evolution: the Development of Anthropomorphics_



    Rosheim, Mark E.
    1994, John Wiley and Sons
    ISBN 0-471-02622-0

   _Robot Hobby: The Complete Manual, for Individuals and Clubs_



    John W. Gutmann, Foreword by Joe Engelberger

   From:



    Machine Press Publishing
    P.O. Box 870210
    Stone Mountain, GA 30087-0006

   ISBN 0-9634272-4-5, Soft cover $29.95, Hard Cover $36.95

   _Robotic Technology: Principles and Practice._



    Werner G. Holzbock
    Van Nostrand Reinhold Co, 1986, ISBN 0-442-23154-7

   _Robotics_



    edited by Marvin Minsky
    Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1985
    ISBN: 0385194145, LCCN: 84024390

   _Robot Motion: Planning and Control _



    Brady, Hollerbach, Johnson, Lozano-Perez, and Mason.
    Cambridge, MA, MIT Press 1982)

   Collection of excellent papers on the topic of robot motion.

   _Robots_



    Peter Marsh
    Crescent (Crown) Publishers, NY 1985

   Marsh edited the volume and the book is made up of several
   contributions from robotics researchers. A very well illustrated book
   that covers the general topic of robots. Excellent source materials
   and graphics.

   _Safety, Reliability, and Human Factors in Robotic Systems._



    Edited by James H. Graham.
    Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1991.
    ISBN 0-442-00280-7

   Laws/rules/regulations are governing industrial robot installations in
   the U.S.

   _Sensors for Mobile Robots_



    H. R. Everett
    Publisher: A K Peters
    net: [24]http://www.tiac.net/users/akpeters/sensors.html

   An excellent overview of many sensors useful for robotics (and other
   applications)

   _Teleoperation and Robotics in Space_



    Steven B. Skaar and Carl F. Ruoff, editors;
    American Institute of Aerodynamics and Astrodynamics' PROGRESS IN
    AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS SERIES, AIAA, Washington D.C., 1994.

   This volume discusses many of the practical and theoretical aspects of
   on-orbit teleoperation and robotics. Included in the volume are
   detailed discussions, diagrams, and photos of international hardware
   designed to assist with the assembly and maintenance of the space
   station, as well as information about new remote teleoperation systems
   and training facilities and programs for their operators. The
   economics and politics of robotic vs manned space activities are
   discussed at length as are the special issues which affect
   long-distance operation, operation in near-zero g, operation using
   very-light-weight, nonrigid units, and operation with an unconstrained
   base.

     _________________________________________________________________

  [4.2.2] CDROMS

   _Isaac Asimov's The Ultimate Robot._
   It is an excellent intro and retrospective on robotics. Includes movie
   clips from several cinema robots, robotic terminology defined and
   illustrated (linkages, kinmatics, arm types etc), vignettes of many
   historically important robots including Moshers work >from the 60's,
   many teleoperated devices, several mobile machines including the ASV
   and many others. There is also a fun part where you get to select
   parts, build a robot and animate it. (Design by Ralph MacQuarrie who
   was production designer on Star Wars)

   There are video interviews with Asimov and all of his robot stories
   and essays as well. Published by Microsoft. Available from a number of
   CDROM vendors.

   _AICDROM_
   Network Cybernetics Corporation is now shipping the second annual
   revision of their popular AI CD-ROM, an ISO-9660 format CD-ROM
   containing a wide assortment of information on AI, Robotics, and other
   advanced machine technologies. The AI CD-ROM contains thousands of
   programs, source code collections, tutorials, research papers,
   Internet journals, and other resources. The topics covered include
   artificial intelligence, artificial life, robotics, virtual reality,
   and many related fields. Programs for OS/2, DOS, Macintosh, UNIX,
   Amiga, and other platforms can be found on the disc. The files have
   been collected from civilian and government research centers,
   universities, Internet archive sites, BBS systems and other sources.

   The CD-ROM is updated annually to keep it current with the latest
   trends and developments in advanced machine technologies such as AI.
   The AI CD-ROM Rev. 1 was a CD-ROM PROFESSIONAL CONSUMER DISK PRODUCT
   OF THE YEAR AWARD finalist and has received good reviews in many
   magazines including Byte (Jerry Pournelle, March '93) and IEEE
   Computer (J. Zalewski, July '93), CD-ROM Professional and others. The
   new revision of the AI CD-ROM is now shipping. The price of Revision 2
   will remain the same as the Revision 1 CD: $129 + $5 (US) / $10
   (foreign) for shipping and processing. If you currently own the
   revision 1 AI CD-ROM, you can "upgrade" to the Rev.2 CD for $79 +
   shipping. Email or fax to get an upgrade form.

   From:



    Network Cybernetics Corporation
    4201 Wingren Road, Suite 202
    Irving, Texas 75062-2763
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

     _________________________________________________________________

  [4.2.3] Magazine Articles

   Initial List Provided by Dave Hrynkiw

   Best source for most general articles and journal articles is your
   library - check online sources too!

   Discover Magazine, March 1991, Pg 43
   An excellent 6 page article of the goings-on in the MIT AI lab.

   "Mathematical Recreations - Insectoids Invade a Field of Robots"
   Scientific American Magazine, July 1991.
   Another excellent 4 page article about MIT's work in the field of
   mobile robotics.

   "Gearing Down"
   Science News, Vol. 139 No. 2, January 12 1991, Pg 26-27
   Referenced from Scientific American Magazine, July 1991 ("Mathematical
   Recreations" column)

   "Fast, Cheap, and Out of Control"
   Research News, May 1990, Pg 959-961
   One of the better MIT Lab articles. Worth hunting down.

   "Working the bugs out of a new breed of 'insect' robots"
   Smithsonian Magazine, June 1991, pgs 63-73.
   Another excellent and more technical article on MIT's robot research.

   "The Iconoclast - Life in the Anthropomorphic Lane"
   Macworld magazine, May 1991, Pg 43-47
   Another basic, but decent review of MIT's AI Robot labs.

   "People - A Mind of Their Own"
   Connoisseur Magazine, May 1991, Pg 42-46
   A more personal look at Rodney Brook.

   "Robot Insects"
   Popular Science, March 1991, Pg 52-55,86
   Popular Science does it's regular quality article. Some detail, but
   not to technical. Good, basic read.

   "New Approaches to Robotics"
   Science Magazine, Vol.253, September 1991, Pg 1227-1232
   Very complete and technical document by Rodney Brooks. Has a very
   complete reference and notes section.

   "Artificial Intelligence - Building a Better Mouse"
   Omni Magazine, ??, Pg 22,126
   Interesting Article about Dave Otten, the micro-mouse champ. Short,
   but interesting read.

   "Tech Update - Transformer Robots Crawl Up Stairs"
   Popular Mechanics, March 1993, Pg 17
   Not much to say, but look at the pictures - what innovation!

   "Mighty Mouse"
   MIT Reporter, July 1991, Pg 12
   A short piece about Dave Otten's micromice.

   "The OMNI Photovore - How to build a robot that thinks like a roach"
   Omni Magazine, October 1988, Pg 201-210,212
   MIT developed this basic robot for the magazine. A really interesting
   read, with good technical.

   "Annual Report of Microbot Technology, Inc."
   Omni Magazine, ??? Pg 68,70,76
   Omni's interesting futuristic look of the possibilities with micro
   robots.

   "Tech Update - Mechanical Caterpillar"
   Popular Mechanics, June 1992, Pg 24
   Another neat idea to look at.

   "Tech Update - Silicon Ants Could Prove Tireless Workers"
   Popular Mechanics, May 1992, Pg 21
   Interesting little bit on the future of solar powered microbots. Neat
   graphic.

   "Trends - Let's Get Small"
   Technology Review, Aug/Sept 1992, pg 18-19
   Article on JPL/IS Robotics small robots. Decent article

   "Go Robots, Go!"
   Popular Science, December 1992, Pg 97-102,138,140
   Interesting overview of the AAAI Mobile Robotics Competition held in
   San Jose.

   "New Trends - Legs win over wheels for moon work"
   Machine Design Magazine, February 11 1988
   A dated article on Georgia Tech's "Skitter". Short, but has
   photograph.

   "Light Elements - RoboHockey"
   Discover magazine, May 1990, pg 82
   Interesting bit about MIT's Mech Eng 2.70 competition.

   "Society - Technology - For the Love of Robotics"
   Newsweek magazine, March 9 1992, Pg 68-69
   Public-robot fodder. Nothing new here but some interesting pictures.
   Covers the Austin area Robot Group

   "Robots Go Buggy"
   Science News Magazine, Vol 140, November 30 1991, Pg 361-3
   Very good article about the comparison between "simple" robotics and
   biologics (bugs)

   "Build This Robot Bug"
   Radio-Electronics Magazine, June 1992, Pg 33-38
   Very basic robot. Not a bad place to start thoough.

   Science Digest, April 1983 p68
   "The Rise of the Robot" by Tom Parrett.
   Article includes photos of the Atlanta Robotics Special Interest
   Group" founded by John W. Gutmann with the support of Bill Dodd, owner
   of Hobby Robot CO. The first meeting was held on April 21st of 1981.

     _________________________________________________________________

  [4.2.4] Online Technical Reports

   There are emerging sources on the net for tech reports and papers. If
   you know of additional ones please send me email. Thanks.
     _________________________________________________________________

   _The Kahaner Reports_
   This directory archives reports written about computing in Japan by
   Dr. David Kahaner, a numerical analyst current on assignment with the
   Office of Naval Research Asia (ONR Asia). The file INDEX contains a
   short description of each report in alphabetical order. The file
   INDEX.bydate contains the same descriptions ordered by the date the
   report was written. See [25]japan.html, and [26]robotics Table of
   Contents

   Other relevant files are [27]Robots, an overview of trends in robot
   manufacturing, use, and sales in Japan dated Feb 28, 1993.
   Also,[28]robots.93 is a Dec 10, 1993 summary of the 24th International
   Symposium on Industrial Robots (ISIR), the 1993 International
   Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR), and the 1993 International
   Industrial Robot Exhibition, all held in Tokyo 1-5 Nov 1993.

   _The 6.270 Robot Builder's Guide (See also the Miniboard section in
   this FAQ)_ by Fred Martin
   [29]ftp://cherupakha.media.mit.edu/pub/6270/docs/ filenames: *.PS.Z
   This directory contains "The 6.270 Robot Builder's Guide", the course
   notes to the 1992 MIT LEGO Robot Design Competition. Hardcopy also
   available for $15 from:



    E and L Memo Requests
    MIT Media Laboratory
    20 Ames Street Room E15-309
    Cambridge, MA 02139 USA

   Check should be made out to 'MIT Epistemology and Learning' Contact:
   Fred Martin at [e-mail].

   _Cambridge University_ Tech report on 3D object model acquisition and
   recognition: [30]ftp://svr-ftp.eng.cam.ac.uk/reports/

   _Carnegie Mellon University SCS Technical Reports_
    1. The machine [e-mail] is the offical SCS machine for
       ftping SCS technical reports. Directories containing .ps files
       (compressed and uncompressed, dependent on size) are stored for
       ease of access. You can use the instructions below to browse the
       directories.
    2. The reports appearing in our ftpable directories are also
       automatically transferred into MOSAIC. Authors retain the right to
       decide whether their report(s) should or should not appear in the
       public ftp directories/MOSAIC.
    3. A third mechanism for storing and making reports available is
       MERCURY--the scanned image, full text, online database (part of
       the LIS system). Whether the report is scanned into the system is
       again left up to invidivual author choice. The CMU community is
       able to view text for the reports, as they appear, at their desks
       using Mercury. This system, supported by ARPA and CNRI, will open
       soon to MIT, Stanford, Cornell, and Berkeley...so we can all share
       online text of reports. Down the road, it is anticipated that more
       and more universities will become a part of this service. We scan
       original copies of reports into the system,
       URL: [31]ftp://reports.adm.cs.cmu.edu/ The reports are in
       postscript format (.ps). The index file is called README.mss. The
       reports are listed in the directory by their NUMBER.ps...for
       example, CMU-CS-92-100.ps, CMU-CS-92-101.ps and so on. The
       majority of the files are not compressed, although any compressed
       files will be listed as NUMBER.ps.Z . A very few reports have been
       broken down into multiple postscript files. They will appear as
       NUMBERA.ps, NUMBERB.ps, etc. The README.mss will indicate the
       reports that have multiple .ps files.

   _MIT AI Laboratory_



    net: [e-mail]
    tel: [phone]
    fax: [phone]

   MIT bibliography, general info about the lab and most recent research
   publications is choice of ascii or .ps files
   [32]ftp://publications.ai.mit.edu/bibliography, and
   [33]ftp://publications/ai-publications/general-pubs

   _NASA Jet Propulsion Labs (JPL)_
   [34]ftp://robotics.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/gat/ filenames: bc4pe.rtf,
   aaai92.rtf, nats.rtf

   Note that all files are in Microsoft Word RTF format. Contact
   [e-mail] if you don't have access to a Mac.

   * _NRaD_

   [35]http://www.nosc.mil/robots/pubs/PubsIdx.html

   _New York University_
   [36]file://cs.nyu.edu/pub/tech-reports/tr669.ps.Z

   Abstract: Recent experimental and analytical evidence indicates that
   direct drive robots become very practical and economical at miniature
   and microscopic scales, so it is interesting to understand
   quantitatively the properties of direct drive robots under scaling
   transformations. This leads to a study of how screws and their dual
   co-screws behave under the group of similarity transforms. This group
   is the group of isometries together with dilations. Several different
   representations are found on the space of screws and complementary
   representations are found on the dual space of co-screws. From the
   electromagnetic theory of the force and torque on a magnet in a
   magnetic field, we derive the scaling properties of the
   electromagnetic wrench. Hence, these results can be directly applied
   to the scaling of direct drive motors. We conclude by proposing a
   scale-invariant measure for direct drive actuator performance.

   _LIFIA/INRIA_
   Files are at: [37]ftp://imag.fr/pub/LIFIA (129.88.32.1) Several
   compressed PS files.

   _University of Massachusetts:_
   [38]ftp://rabbit.cs.umass.edu/pub/papers. The files are compressed
   postscript, topics include path planning, neuroscience, and control.

   _University of Kaiserslautern_
   FTP-Server is :
   [39]ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/reports_uni-kl/computer_science/mobile_robots/
   . Subdirectories: 1993/papers, 1994/papers, etc

   _SPIE abstracts_
   Abstracts from SPIE conferences can be found at
   [40]ftp://mom.spie.org/abstracts/1800/ Filenames include 1831.txt
   [From Mobile Robots VII 1992]. SPIE bookorders can be made through
   [e-mail]

   _JTEC report on Japanese Space Robotics_
   A summary of the Japanese Technology Evaluation Center (JTEC) panel's
   report on the state of the art of Japanese robot technology. Lots of
   pictures of wierd and wonderful robots -- elephant trunk, caterpillar,
   space tentacle, wall builder, Komatsu's walking undersea
   rubble-leveler, humanoid two-armed assembly robot, 4-legged stair
   climber. Also tells where to write for videotapes of these machines in
   action. Here's the info (two years old, remember) ... Tape with
   narration by William "Red" Whittaker: __



    University Video Communications
    Box 20006
    Stanford, CA USA 94309
    tel: [phone]

   Cost: $37.50
   A shorter tape is available of highlights from many Japanese labs.



    National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
    5285 Port Royal Road
    Springfield, VA USA 22161
    tel: [phone]

   Article: "Japan robotics aim for unmanned space exploration" William
   L. Whittaker, Takeo Kanade. IEEE Spectrum, December 1990

     _________________________________________________________________

   _Where Am I? Sensors and Methods for Autonomous Mobile Robot
   Localization._ Technical Report, The University of Michigan
   UM-MEAM-94-21, December 1994.

   A comprehensive survey on Mobile Robot Positioning. This survey is
   over 200 pages long, has 130 illustrations and nearly 300 references,
   and took well over one man-year to complete. The survey is entitled A
   description and table of contents can be found [41]here.

   To download the report go [42]here and read [43]this file first.

   Alternatively, you can look at a detailed Table of Contents from
   within Johann Borenstein's WWW Homepage at: [44]Johann's Home Page

   Before you download the actual survey, you should read the
   "readme.txt" file for compatibility tips, and you should read the
   "um_index.wp5" file to see if you want to download all or only
   selected chapters of the report.
     _________________________________________________________________

  [4.2.5] Videos

   [new section - looking for additional material]

   _MIT Press_ MIT Press has a number of companion videos - Legged Robots
   That Balance and others. See Publications for address etc.

   _Video Proceedings from UUST 93_
   UUST is the 8th International Symposium on Unmanned Untethered
   Submersible Technology September 27-29, 1993. It was held at the
   Marine Systems Engineering Lab, University of New Hampshire, Durham,
   New Hampshire USA

   The video proceedings are now available for $35 US for VHS (NTSC)
   format and $50 US for PAL format. The video is being made publicly
   available on a non-profit basis. Printed abstracts and points of
   contacts are included in a pamphlet with each video. The program is
   available eclectronically via anonymous ftp to
   [45]file://taurus.cs.nps.navy.mil/pub/auv/uust93_video_proceedings.ps.
   Z

   You may order this video (or printed conference proceedings) by
   sending a check or money order to:



    Autonomous Undersea Systems Institute (AUSI)
    8 Earle Drive
    Lee, New Hampshire 03824 USA
    [phone]

   postscript copy: [46]ftp://taurus.cs.nps.navy.mil/pub/auv/uust93.ps.Z

   Video Contents:
   01:20 AUVs for Scientific Research in Hazardous Conditions
   07:15 A Versatile Testbed: The "Twin-Burger"
   13:55 ARPA/Navy Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV)
   31:30 Summary of MBARI/Stanford ARL Joint Underwater Robotics Research
   Program
   43:05 Development of an Aquatic Walking Robot for Underwater
   Inspection: "AQUAROBOT"
   47:30 Naval Postgraduate School Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
   50:15 The Rational Behavior Model (RBM) Software Architecture
   57:25 Mobile Undersea Systems Test (MUST) Laboratory
   1:02:10 The Advanced Unmanned Search System (AUSS)
   1:11:20 credits
     _________________________________________________________________

   Last-Modified: Mon Apr 1 13:54:49 1996


    [47]Kevin Dowling <[e-mail]>

References

   1. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/copyright.html
   2. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/TOC.html
   3. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/4.html#4.1
   4. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/4.html#4.1.1
   5. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/4.html#4.1.2
   6. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/4.html#4.1.3
   7. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/4.html#4.2
   8. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/4.html#4.2.1
   9. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/4.html#4.2.2
  10. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/4.html#4.2.3
  11. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/4.html#4.2.4
  12. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/4.html#4.2.5
  13. ftp://ftp.ieee.org/
  14. ftp://cs.arizona.edu/japan/table.contents/robotics.TOC/jrsj.TOC
  15. mailto:[e-mail]
  16. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/3.html#AUVS
  17. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/4.html#4.2.1
  18. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/4.html#4.2.2
  19. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/4.html#4.2.3
  20. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/4.html#4.2.4
  21. file://localhost/usr/nivek/faq/HTML/4.html#4.2.5
  22. http://avalon.caltech.edu/~murray/mls
  23. http://www.tiac.net/users/akpeters
  24. http://www.tiac.net/users/akpeters/sensors.html
  25. ftp://cs.arizona.edu/japan/www/japan.html
  26. ftp://cs.arizona.edu/japan/table.contents/robotics.TOC
  27. ftp://cs.arizona.edu/japan/kahaner.reports/robots
  28. ftp://cs.arizona.edu/japan/kahaner.reports/robots.93
  29. ftp://cherupakha.media.mit.edu/pub/6270/docs/
  30. ftp://svr-ftp.eng.cam.ac.uk/reports/
  31. ftp://reports.adm.cs.cmu.edu/
  32. ftp://publications.ai.mit.edu/bibliography
  33. ftp://publications/ai-publications/general-pubs
  34. ftp://robotics.jpl.nasa.gov/pub/gat/
  35. http://www.nosc.mil/robots/pubs/PubsIdx.html
  36.     file://cs.nyu.edu/pub/tech-reports/tr669.ps.Z
  37. ftp://imag.fr/pub/LIFIA
  38. ftp://rabbit.cs.umass.edu/pub/papers
  39. ftp://ftp.uni-kl.de/reports_uni-kl/computer_science/mobile_robots/
  40. ftp://mom.spie.org/abstracts/1800/
  41. http://www.engin.umich.edu/~johannb/position.htm
  42.
ftp:://ftp.eecs.umich.edu/people/johannb
--
aka: Kevin Dowling, <[e-mail]>     address:  Carnegie Mellon University
tel: [phone]                                The Robotics Institute
fax: [phone]                                5000 Forbes Avenue
url: http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/~nivek              Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
--
aka: Kevin Dowling, <[e-mail]>     address:  Carnegie Mellon University
tel: [phone]                                The Robotics Institute
fax: [phone]                                5000 Forbes Avenue
url: http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/~nivek              Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA