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- Know Your UNIX Administrator
-
- There are four major species of Unix sysad:
-
- 1) The TECHNICAL THUG. Usually a systems programmer who has been
- forced into system administration; writes scripts in a polyglot of
- the Bourne shell, sed, C, awk, perl, and APL.
-
- 2) The ADMINISTRATIVE FASCIST. Usually a retentive drone (or rarely,
- a harridan ex-secretary) who has been forced into system administration.
-
- 3) The MANIAC. Usually an aging cracker who discovered that neither
- the Mossad nor Cuba are willing to pay a living wage for computer
- espionage. Fell into system administration; occasionally approaches
- major competitors with indesp schemes.
-
- 4) The IDIOT. Usually a cretin, morpohodite, or old COBOL programmer
- selected to be the system administrator by a committee of cretins,
- morphodites, and old COBOL programmers.
-
-
-
- HOW TO IDENTIFY YOUR SYSTEM ADMINISTRATOR:
-
-
- ---------------- SITUATION: Low disk space. ----------------
-
- TECHNICAL THUG: Writes a suite of scripts to monitor disk
- usage, maintain a database of historic disk usage, predict future disk
- usage via least squares regression analysis, identify users who are
- more than a standard deviation over the mean, and send mail to the
- offending parties. Places script in cron. Disk usage does not
- change, since disk-hogs, by nature, either ignore script-generated
- mail, or file it away in triplicate.
-
-
- ADMINISTRATIVE FASCIST: Puts disk usage policy in motd. Uses
- disk quotas. Allows no exceptions, thus crippling development work.
- Locks accounts that go over quota.
-
- MANIAC:
- # cd /home
- # rm -rf `du -s * | sort -rn | head -1 | awk '{print $2}'`;
-
- IDIOT:
- # cd /home
- # cat `du -s * | sort -rn | head -1 | awk '{ printf "%s/*\n", $2}'` | compress
-
-
- ---------------- SITUATION: Excessive CPU usage. ----------------
-
- TECHNICAL THUG: Writes a suite of scripts to monitor
- processes, maintain a database of CPU usage, identify processes more
- than a standard deviation over the norm, and renice offending
- processes. Places script in cron. Ends up renicing the production
- database into oblivion, bringing operations to a grinding halt, much
- to the delight of the xtrek freaks.
-
- ADMINISTRATIVE FASCIST: Puts CPU usage policy in motd. Uses
- CPU quotas. Locks accounts that go over quota. Allows no exceptions,
- thus crippling development work, much to the delight of the xtrek
- freaks.
-
- MANIAC:
- # kill -9 `ps -augxww | sort -rn +8 -9 | head -1 | awk '{print $2}'`
-
- IDIOT:
- # compress -f `ps -augxww | sort -rn +8 -9 | head -1 | awk '{print $2}'`
-
-
- ---------------- SITUATION: New account creation. ----------------
-
- TECHNICAL THUG: Writes perl script that creates home
- directory, copies in incomprehensible default environment, and places
- entries in /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, and /etc/group. (By hand, NOT
- with passmgmt.) Slaps on setuid bit; tells a nearby secretary to
- handle new accounts. Usually, said secretary is still dithering over
- the difference between 'enter' and 'return'; and so, no new accounts
- are ever created.
-
- ADMINISTRATIVE FASCIST: Puts new account policy in motd.
- Since people without accounts cannot read the motd, nobody ever
- fulfills the bureaucratic requirements; and so, no new accounts are
- ever created.
-
- MANIAC: "If you're too stupid to break in and create your own
- account, I don't want you on the system. We've got too many goddamn
- sh*t-for-brains a**holes on this box anyway."
-
- IDIOT:
- # cd /home; mkdir "Bob's home directory"
- # echo "Bob Simon:gandalf:0:0::/dev/tty:compress -f" ] /etc/passwd
-
-
- ---------------- SITUATION: Root disk fails. ----------------
-
- TECHNICAL THUG: Repairs drive. Usually is able to repair
- filesystem from boot monitor. Failing that, front-panel toggles
- microkernel in and starts script on neighboring machine to load binary
- boot code into broken machine, reformat and reinstall OS. Lets it run
- over the weekend while he goes mountain climbing.
-
- ADMINISTRATIVE FASCIST: Begins investigation to determine who
- broke the drive. Refuses to fix system until culprit is identified
- and charged for the equipment.
-
- MANIAC, LARGE SYSTEM: Rips drive from system, uses
- sledgehammer to smash same to flinders. Calls manufacturer, threatens
- pets. Abuses field engineer while they put in a new drive and
- reinstall the OS.
-
- MANIAC, SMALL SYSTEM: Rips drive from system, uses ball-peen
- hammer to smash same to flinders. Calls Requisitions, threatens pets.
- Abuses bystanders while putting in new drive and reinstalling OS.
-
- IDIOT: Doesn't notice anything wrong.
-
-
- ---------------- SITUATION: Poor network response. ----------------
-
- TECHNICAL THUG: Writes scripts to monitor network, then
- rewires entire machine room, improving response time by 2%. Shrugs
- shoulders, says, "I've done all I can do," and goes mountain
- climbing.
-
- ADMINISTRATIVE FASCIST: Puts network usage policy in motd.
- Calls up Berkeley and AT&T, badgers whoever answers for network
- quotas. Tries to get xtrek freaks fired.
-
- MANIAC: Every two hours, pulls ethernet cable from wall and
- waits for connections to time out.
-
- IDIOT:
- # compress -f /dev/en0
-
-
- ---------------- SITUATION: User questions. ----------------
-
- TECHNICAL THUG: Hacks the code of emacs' doctor-mode to answer
- new users questions. Doesn't bother to tell people how to start the
- new "guru-mode", or for that matter, emacs.
-
- ADMINISTRATIVE FASCIST: Puts user support policy in motd.
- Maintains queue of questions. Answers them when he gets a chance,
- often within two weeks of receipt of the proper form.
-
- MANIAC: Screams at users until they go away. Sometimes
- barters knowledge for powerful drink and/or sycophantic adulation.
-
- IDIOT: Answers all questions to best of his knowledge until
- the user realizes few UNIX systems support punched cards or JCL.
-
-
- ---------------- SITUATION: *Stupid* user questions. ----------------
-
- TECHNICAL THUG: Answers question in hex, binary, postfix,
- and/or French until user gives up and goes away.
-
- ADMINISTRATIVE FASCIST: Locks user's account until user can
- present documentation demonstrating their qualification to use the
- machine.
-
- MANIAC:
- # cat ]] ~luser/.cshrc
- alias vi 'rm \!*;unalias vi;grep -v BoZo ~/.cshrc ] ~/.z; mv -f ~/.z
- ^D
-
- IDIOT: Answers all questions to best of his knowledge.
- Recruits user to system administration team.
-
-
- ---------------- SITUATION: Process accounting management. ----------------
-
- TECHNICAL THUG: Ignores packaged accounting software; trusts
- scripts to sniff out any problems & compute charges.
-
- ADMINISTRATIVE FASCIST: Devotes 75% of disk space to
- accounting records owned by root and chmod'ed 000.
-
- MANIAC: Laughs fool head off at very mention of accounting.
-
- IDIOT:
- # lpr /etc/wtmp /usr/adm/paact
-
-
- ---------------- SITUATION: Religious war, BSD vs. System V. ----------------
-
- TECHNICAL THUG: BSD. Crippled on System V boxes.
-
- ADMINISTRATIVE FASCIST: System V. Horrified by the people who
- use BSD. Places frequent calls to DEA.
-
- MANIAC: Prefers BSD, but doesn't care as long as HIS processes
- run quickly.
-
- IDIOT:
- # cd c:
-
-
- ---------------- SITUATION: Religious war, System V vs. AIX ----------------
-
- TECHNICAL THUG: Weeps.
-
- ADMINISTRATIVE FASCIST: AIX-- doesn't much care for the OS,
- but loves the jackboots.
-
- MANIAC: System V, but keeps AIX skills up, knowing full well
- how much Big Financial Institutions love IBM....
-
- IDIOT: AIX.
-
-
-
- ---------------- SITUATION: Balky printer daemons. ----------------
-
- TECHNICAL THUG: Rewrites lpd in FORTH.
-
- ADMINISTRATIVE FASCIST: Puts printer use policy in motd. Calls
- customer support every time the printer freezes. Tries to get user who
- submitted the most recent job fired.
-
- MANIAC: Writes script that kills all the daemons, clears all the
- print queues, and maybe restarts the daemons. Runs it once a hour from
- cron.
-
- IDIOT:
-
- # kill -9 /dev/lp ; /dev/lp &
-
-
-
- ---------------- SITUATION: OS upgrade -----------------
-
- TECHNICAL THUG: Reads source code of new release, takes only
- what he likes.
-
- ADMINISTRATIVE FASCIST: Instigates lawsuit against the vendor
- for having shipped a product with bugs in it in the first place.
-
- MANIAC:
-
- # uptime
- 1:33pm up 19 days, 22:49, 167 users, load average: 6.49, 6.45, 6.31
- # wall
- Well, it's upgrade time. Should take a few hours. And good luck on
- that 5:00 deadline, guys! We're all pulling for you!
- ^D
-
- IDIOT:
-
- # dd if=/dev/rmt8 of=/vmunix
-
-
-
- ---------------- SITUATION: Balky mail ----------------
-
- TECHNICAL THUG: Rewrites sendmail.cf from scratch. Rewrites
- sendmail in SNOBOL. Hacks kernel to implement file locking. Hacks kernel
- to implement "better" semaphores. Rewrites sendmail in assembly. Hacks
- kernel to . . .
-
- ADMINISTRATIVE FASCIST: Puts mail use policy in motd. Locks
- accounts that go over mail use quota. Keeps quota low enough that people
- go back to interoffice mail, thus solving problem.
-
- MANIAC:
-
- # kill -9 `ps -augxww | grep sendmail | awk '{print $2}'`
- # rm -f /usr/spool/mail/*
- # wall
- Mail is down. Please use interoffice mail until we have it back up.
- ^D
- # write max
- I've got my boots and backpack. Ready to leave for Mount Tam?
- ^D
-
- IDIOT:
-
- # echo "HELP!" | mail tech_support.AT.vendor.com%kremvax%bitnet!BIFF!!!
-
-
-
- ---------------- SITUATION: Users want phone list application --------------
-
- TECHNICAL THUG: Writes RDBMS in perl and Smalltalk. Users give
- up and go back to post-it notes.
-
- ADMINISTRATIVE FASCIST: Oracle. Users give up and go back to
- post-it notes.
-
- MANIAC: Tells the users to use flat files and grep, the way God
- meant man to keep track of phone numbers. Users give up and go back to
- post-it notes.
-
- IDIOT:
-
- % dd ibs=80 if=/dev/rdisk001s7 | grep "Fred"
-
-
-
- ================ OTHER GUIDELINES ================
-
- ---------------- TYPICAL ROOT .cshrc FILE: -----------------
-
- TECHNICAL THUG: Longer than eight kilobytes. Sources the output
- of a perl script, rewrites itself.
-
- ADMINISTRATIVE FASCIST: Typical lines include:
-
- umask 777
- alias cd 'cd \!*; rm -rf ching *hack mille omega rogue xtrek > /dev/null &'
-
- MANIAC: Typical lines include:
-
- alias rm 'rm -rf \!*'
- alias hose kill -9 '`ps -augxww | grep \!* | awk \'{print $2}\'`'
- alias kill 'kill -9 \!* ; kill -9 \!* ; kill -9 \!*'
- alias renice 'echo Renice\? You must mean kill -9.; kill -9 \!*'
-
- IDIOT: Typical lines include:
-
- alias dir ls
- alias era rm
- alias kitty cat
- alias process_table ps
- setenv DISPLAY vt100
-
-
-
- ---------------- HOBBIES, TECHNICAL: ----------------
-
- TECHNICAL THUG: Writes entries for Obsfuscated C contest.
- Optimizes INTERCAL scripts. Maintains ENIAC emulator. Virtual reality .
-
- ADMINISTRATIVE FASCIST: Bugs office. Audits card-key logs.
- Modifies old TVs to listen in on cellular phone conversations. Listens
- to police band.
-
- MANIAC: Volunteers at Survival Research Labs. Bugs office. Edits
- card-key logs. Modifies old TVs to listen in on cellular phone
- conversations. Jams police band.
-
- IDIOT: Ties shoes. Maintains COBOL decimal to roman numeral
- converter. Rereads flowcharts from his salad days at Rand.
-
-
-
- ---------------- HOBBIES, NONTECHNICAL: --------------
-
- TECHNICAL THUG: Drinks "Smart Drinks." Attends raves. Hangs out
- at poetry readings and Whole Earth Review events and tries to pick up
- Birkenstock MOTAS.
-
- ADMINISTRATIVE FASCIST: Reads Readers Digest and Mein Kampf.
- Sometimes turns up car radio and sings along to John Denver. Golfs.
- Drinks gin martinis. Hangs out in yuppie bars and tries to pick up
- dominatrixes.
-
- MANIAC: Reads _Utne Reader_ and _Mein Kampf_. Faithfully
- attends Dickies and Ramones concerts. Punches out people who say
- "virtual reality." Drinks damn near anything, but favors Wild Turkey,
- Black Bush, and grain alcohol. Hangs out in neighborhood bars and
- tries to pick up MOTAS by drinking longshoremen under the table .
-
- IDIOT: Reads _Time_ and _Newsweek_-- and *believes* them.
- Drinks Jagermeister. Tries to pick up close blood relations-- often
- succeeds, producting next generation of idiots.
-
-
- ---------------- 1992 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION: ----------------
-
- TECHNICAL THUG: Clinton, but only because he liked Gore's book.
-
- ADMINISTRATIVE FASCIST: Bush. Possibly Clinton, but only
- because he liked Tipper.
-
- MANIAC: Frank Zappa.
-
- IDIOT: Perot.
-
-
- ---------------- 1996 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION: ----------------
-
- TECHNICAL THUG: Richard Stallman - Larry Wall.
-
- ADMINISTRATIVE FASCIST: Nixon - Buchanan.
-
- MANIAC: Frank Zappa.
-
- IDIOT: Quayle.
-
-
- @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
-
- COMPOUND SYSTEM ADMINISTRATORS:
-
-
- TECHNICAL FASCIST: Hacks kernel & writes a horde of scripts to
- prevent folk from ever using more than their fair share of system
- resources. Resulting overhead and load brings system to its knees.
-
- TECHNICAL MANIAC: Writes scripts that SEEM to be monitoring
- the system, but are actually encrypting large lists of passwords.
- Uses nearby nodes as beta test sites for worms.
-
- TECHNICAL IDIOT: Writes superuser-run scripts that sooner or
- later do an "rm -rf /".
-
- FASCISTIC MANIAC: At first hint of cracker incursions, whether
- real or imagined, shuts down system by triggering water-on-the-brain
- detectors and Halon system.
-
- FASCISTIC IDIOT:
- # cp /dev/null /etc/passwd
-
- MANIACAL IDIOT: Napalms the CPU.
-
- -Stephan Zielinski
-
-
-
-