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- SIY9.TXT Calculators and Computers 42
-
- Chapter 9
-
- Calculators and Computers
-
- For this chapter you will need:
-
- a) A calculator or computer with SIN and COS functions. A Sharp EL-506A
- scientific calculator is available for $25 plus $5 shipping & handling from
- CAVE Inc, 1/2 Fast Road, Ritner, KY 42639. 606/376-3137.
-
- b) Pencil and paper,
-
- c) Graph paper,
-
- d) An understanding of how to plot a map by hand.
-
- You will not need:
-
- a) An assistant,
-
- b) Any special mathematical training.
-
- It is easier, and far more accurate, to calculate rather than to hand plot a
- map. But unless you already know how to hand plot, the mathematics will just
- be so much magic to you. Magic is fine for magicians and economists, but magic
- allows surveyors' blunders to escape undetected.
-
- This fancy math comes with even fancier qualifications. Firstly, you can learn
- this only after you already know how to plot a map by hand. Secondly, if you
- have only a small amount of surveying, you will probably find it easier to hand
- plot than to learn this. Thirdly, if you wait until you have an incentive, it
- will be a lot easier to learn.
-
- To do these calculations, you must have a SIN function on your calculator.
- These are usually called scientific calculators. I prefer a Sharp EL-506A,
- which does the calculations with one entry, instead of the double entry needed
- on most other scientific calculators. It also does all trigonometric,
- logarithmic, power, and inverse functions, as well as calculating mean and
- standard deviations. And these do not interfere with its use as a common
- calculator. $25 from CAVE, Inc.
-
- A programmable calculator is nice if you know how to program it. I personally
- have used a 1980 model Radio Shack BC-4000 programmable calculator made by
- Texas Instruments. It has eight addressable internal memories and fifty
- program steps. I can calculate everything that I want to know without writing
- down any intermediate data. If you use a calculator without addressable
- memories, then you will have to use paper and pencil for memory.
-
- SIY9.TXT Calculators and Computers 43
-
- It's a whole lot easier to learn with the paper and pencil, too. This sort of
- programmable calculator costs about $40.
-
- I have also used an assortment of computers. Those computers which I have
- programmed and which are still on the market at a reasonable price are:
- Commodore VIC-20, Radio Shack COCO 2, Radio Shack TRS-80 III, Apple //e, Laser
- 128 (an Apple //c clone), and an ibm [service mark of Imperious Behemoth
- Machinations, Inc] PC clone. A computer is easier to use than a programmable
- calculator, but you can't take it into the field with you to calculate while
- you survey. Even if you have a laptop computer, I doubt that you would take it
- into the field.
-
- A table of data is needed to record and calculate the station locations. Label
- a sheet of paper with the following headings:
-
- TO FROM COMP TAPE RUN INORTH IEAST SNORTH SEAST Comments
-
- The first four columns are the raw data taken from the field. For practice,
- copy the values from Table 1.
-
- RUN is the total distance so far. RUN (of the TO station) is RUN (of the FROM
- station) plus TAPE.
-
- INORTH is the incremental distance north for this shot. INORTH is TAPE times
- the cosine of COMP. IEAST is the incremental distance east for this shot.
- IEAST is TAPE times the sine of COMP.
-
- SNORTH is the summation distance north of wherever you started. SNORTH (TO) is
- SNORTH (FROM) plus INORTH. SEAST is the summation distance east of where ever
- you started. SEAST (TO) is SEAST (FROM) plus IEAST.
-
- Be sure to keep your pluses and minuses straight. Negative NORTH is south.
- Negative EAST is west. Don't blunder.
-
- To plot your map, use SNORTH and SEAST to plot the location of each station on
- a piece of graph paper. Start with a clean sheet of graph paper. Draw a North
- Arrow.
-
- Pick a map scale. You can use any map scale here with no loss of precision.
- For now, chose the same scale as you used to plot your very first map, 100 feet
- per inch.
-
- Pick a place to start. From point 0, draw a line north. Along this north
- axis, label the distance every 100 feet. Draw and label the east axis. South
- and west too.
-
-
-
- SIY9.TXT Calculators and Computers 44
-
- Plot the location of station 0. SNORTH is 0 units north of where ever you
- called 0. Put a dot on the north axis at 0. SEAST is 0 units east of where
- ever you called 0. Move the dot which you just put on the north axis to 0
- units east. Sounds kinda silly, but 0 is not a special case.
-
- Plot the location of station 1 the same way. SNORTH is 153. Put a dot on the
- north axis 153 hundredths of an inch north of 0. SEAST is 129. Move the dot
- (maybe it's easier to leave it and make a new dot?) to 129 hundredths of an
- inch east. That's the location of station 1. That should be the same place as
- when you located the station the old way, back in Chapter 1. Now you know how
- you will check your work while learning all these new things.
-
- Plot the rest of the stations from the data of Table 1. If you draw lines
- between the stations, this map should look just like the one which you plotted
- on Graph 1.
-
- You'll have to decide which method to use. Plotting with the Ranger is quick
- to learn and the map can be drawn in the field as a blunder trap. The
- calculator is faster and more accurate, especially on long surveys. You'll
- know when it becomes easier to use a calculator.
-
- If you are using inclination, a lengthier table is needed:
-
- TO FROM COMP TAPE INCL HDIST RUN INORTH IEAST IUP SNORTH SEAST SUP
-
- To correct the measured distance to a true horizontal distance, multiply the
- distance times the cosine of the inclination. HDIST is TAPE times the cosine
- of INCL. IUP is the incremental distance up in this shot. IUP is TAPE
- multiplied times the sine of INCL. SUP is the summation up (elevation) of the
- station above the starting station. SUP(TO) is SUP(FROM) plus IUP. Negative
- UP is down.
-
- So now you have SUP. What do you do with it? Unless you are plotting 3-D maze
- caves on 3-D graph paper, you can probably just ignore it. Write in the
- elevation as necessary. You can also plot a graph using SUP and SNORTH as the
- axes. This is called a cross section. You could also plot SUP and SEAST.
- There is a lot more fancy mathematics which can be done, but I doubt many of
- you will be interested in even this much. If you have a application for some
- fancier plotting or surveying, ask for special consultation. I'm especially
- interested in scientific applications.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- SIY9.TXT Calculators and Computers 45
-
- For those of you who wish to try this method, here are all of my equations in
- one place.
-
- HDIST = TAPE * COS (INCL)
-
- RUN (TO) = RUN (FROM) + TAPE
-
- INORTH = HDIST * COS (COMP)
-
- IEAST = HDIST * SIN (COMP)
-
- IUP = TAPE * SIN (INCL)
-
- SNORTH (TO) = SNORTH (FROM) + INORTH
-
- SEAST (TO) = SEAST (FROM) + IEAST
-
- SUP (TO) = SUP (FROM) + IUP
-
- CLOSURE = SQR( [SNORTH {A} - SNORTH {B} ]^ 2 + [SEAST {A} - SEAST {B} ]^ 2)
-
- CLOSURE percent = CLOSURE * 100 / RUN
-
- The symbol "^" ["carrot"] means exponentiate or power in Applesoft and GW-
- BASIC. The same as "**" on some other computers and in FORTRAN. The
- function "^ 2" means to square, to multiply by itself. Hopefully, by now you
- know that "*" means multiply and "/" means divide.
-
- Professional surveyors call north "latitude", and east "departure". They also
- call a map a "plat". Gotta keep the peons convinced that they are stupid.
-
- It is very much easier to blunder with the calculator than with a hand plot.
- And a computer can lie with a straight face even longer than can a politician.
-
- I don't pretend to be able to solve all your problems here. You are welcome to
- a copy of any of my programs, but I've always found it easier to write my own
- than to make yours work. I have programs for IBM clone PC/MS-DOS [in GW-BASIC
- {same as BASICA}], Apple II [in Applesoft], COCO 2 [cassette BASIC], TRS-80
- III [disk], Commodore [cassette BASIC], and the Texas Instruments programmable
- calculator [weird machine code].
-
- Only the Apple II and PC are presently on line and supported, but they all
- worked while I was using them. The PC program and the Apple II program (to a
- lesser extent) do a lot of things not covered here. These are calculations
- which are only practical with a computer.
-
-
-
- SIY9.TXT Calculators and Computers 46
-
- I am especially interested in scientific applications.
-
- If you need any custom programming to make my program fit your computer or your
- application, I will help. But unless your computer is sitting on my desk, you
- will have to do most of the work.
-
- This compuscript was originally written longhand and then typed to make a
- master for xerographic copying. Typing was a nightmare, and the revisions were
- a host of tribulations. Writing on a computer compares with writing on a
- typewriter, just like writing with a ballpoint pen compares with writing with a
- goose quill and inkberries.
-
- As a special one time offer, I will sell to some lucky fool one Radio Shuck
- COCO 2 computer, complete with my CAVEMAP surveying program for only $50. Be
- the first to buy this wonderful piece of technology. I have been told that
- cartridges [an EPROM in an expensive box] are still available for such
- activities as Pac-Man [Pac-Person? {Pac-Perchild??}] and Donkey Dong. If it
- won't work as a babysitter, it still might work as a doorstop.
-
- Here is a simple BASIC program which should work on any computer. Try it. It
- is the program SIY2LINR on my PC disk.
-
-
- 1 D=.01745329:PRINT"Instructions in SIY*.TXT
- Survey It Yourself: The Poor Man's Guide to Land Surveying
- (c)1990, DP_BYTER -=>Go forth & exponentiate^<=-
- ½ Fast Software
- CAVE Inc
- Ritner KY 42639
- 606/376-3137
- Quick. Easy. Inexpensive instruments. No magic.
-
- 2 INPUT"Compass ($41)";CO:INPUT"Tape ($27)";TA:SN=SN+TA*COS(CO*D):
- SE=SE+TA*SIN(CO*D):PRINT"SNORTH =";SN,"SEAST =";SE:GOTO 2
- 'Do you believe in magic? Y\N
- This is interpreted BASIC. You need GWBASIC or BASICA or help.
-
- 3 'Enter direction (as 0 to 360 degrees) and distance from land
- description. SNORTH = distance north of beginning station,
- SEAST = distance east. Plot on graph paper, connect the dots,
- this is the map, or plat, of the property.
- This is too easy for a 2-liner.
-
- Actually, I can do it with only one line of code.
-
- 1 D=.01745329:INPUT"Compass ";CO:INPUT"Tape ";TA:SN=SN+TA*COS(CO*D):
- SE=SE+TA*SIN(CO*D): PRINT"SNORTH =";SN,"SEAST =";SE:GOTO 1
- 'DP_BYTER, 1/2 Fast Software, Ritner, KY 42639 606/376-3137
-