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- $Unique_ID{BRK04347}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Zellweger Syndrome}
- $Subject{Zellweger Syndrome Cerebrohepatorenal Syndrome Bowen Syndrome Benign
- Congenital Hypotonia Nemaline Myopathy Infantile Muscular Atrophy }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 363:
- Zellweger Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Zellweger Syndrome) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find the
- alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by this
- article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Cerebrohepatorenal Syndrome
- Bowen Syndrome
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Benign Congenital Hypotonia
- Nemaline Myopathy
- Infantile Muscular Atrophy
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Zellweger Syndrome is a rare hereditary disorder affecting infants. It
- is characterized by reduction or absence peroxisomes in the cells of the
- liver, kidneys and brain. Unusual problems in prenatal development, an
- enlarged liver, high levels of iron and copper in the blood, and vision
- disturbances are among the major manifestations of Zellweger Syndrome.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Infants with Zellweger Syndrome often exhibit prenatal growth failure in
- spite of a normal period of gestation. This syndrome can often be recognized
- at birth due to profound lack of muscle tone; some infants may be unable to
- move. Other symptoms may include unusual facial characteristics, mental
- retardation, the inability to suck and/or swallow, and liver enlargement.
- Vision problems and congenital heart lesions occur less commonly. Jaundice
- and/or gastrointestinal bleeding due to deficiency of a coagulation factor in
- the blood can also occur. Pneumonia or respiratory distress may develop if
- infections are not prevented or controlled.
-
- Causes
-
- Zellweger Syndrome is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. A
- deficiency or absence of microbodies known as peroxisomes cause the symptoms
- of this disorder. The exact cause of the lack of these peroxisomes in the
- tissue of the brain, liver and kidney is not yet known.
-
- Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of
- the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from the father
- and one from the mother. In recessive disorders, the condition does not
- appear unless a person inherits the same defective gene from each parent. If
- one receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be
- a carrier for the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of
- transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are
- carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of
- their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five
- percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one from each
- parent and will be genetically normal.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Zellweger Syndrome is present at birth. One Australian study indicated that
- it occurs once in 100,000 live births. However, more cases may have occurred
- but gone undiagnosed.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Benign Congenital Hypotonia is a nonprogressive neuromuscular disorder which
- occurs at birth. This condition is characterized by decreased muscle tone
- that is manifested as muscle weakness or "floppiness". The condition can
- occur as a disorder of unknown cause, or as a symptom of other neuromuscular
- diseases. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Benign Congenital
- Hypotonia" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Nemaline Myopathy is a hereditary muscular disease characterized by
- weakness and "floppiness" of skeletal muscles. The disease derives its name
- from the presence of very fine threads called "nemaline rods" in the
- microscopic muscle fibers. (For more information on this disorder, choose
- "Nemaline Myopathy" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Infantile Muscular Atrophy is a severe and usually progressive
- neuromuscular disorder in infants. It is characterized by a generalized
- weakness of the muscles in the trunk and extremities. This disorder results
- from degenerative changes in the central horn cells of the spinal cord. The
- weakness, also referred to as "amyotonia congenital syndrome", can also be
- found as a symptom of other neuromuscular disorders.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Zellweger Syndrome is symptomatic and supportive. Genetic
- counseling can be of benefit to families of patients with this disorder.
- Infections should be guarded against carefully to delay complications.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Treatment of Zellweger Syndrome using an antihyperlipidemic agent known as
- Clofibrate has been tried. However, Clofibrate has not yet proven to be an
- effective treatment for Zellweger Syndrome. Further research is ongoing
- into the role of peroxisomes in producing this disease.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- February 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Zellweger Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- United Leukodystrophy Foundation
- 2304 Highland Drive
- Sycamore, IL 60178
- (815) 896-3211
-
- Muscular Dystrophy Association, National Office
- 3300 E. Sunrise Dr.
- Tucson, AZ 85718
- (602) 529-2000
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- Association Europeenne contre les Leucodystrophies
- 7 Rue Pasteur
- 54000 NANCY
- France
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
- contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- ZELLWEGER SYNDROME: DIAGNOSTIC ASSAYS, SYNDROME DELINEATION, AND POTENTIAL
- THERAPY: G.N. Wilson, et. al.; Am J Med Genet (May 1986, issue 24(1)). Pp.
- 69-82.
-
- UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPTS TO INDUCE PEROXISOMES IN TWO CASES OF ZELLWEGER
- DISEASE BY TREATMENT WITH CLOFIBRATE: I. Bjorkhem, et. al.; Pediatr Res
- (June 1985, issue 19(6)). Pp. 590-593.
-
-