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- $Unique_ID{BRK04311}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Vasculitis, Cutaneous Necrotizing}
- $Subject{Vasculitis, Cutaneous Necrotizing Dermal Necrotizing Angiitis
- Polyarteritis Nodosa Hypersensitivity Vasculitis Wegener's Granulomatosis
- Schoenlein-Henoch Purpura Rheumatoid Arthritis Giant-Cell Arteritis Sjogren
- Syndrome Discoid Lupus Erythematosus }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 698:
- Vasculitis, Cutaneous Necrotizing
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Cutaneous Necrotizing
- Vasculitis) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing
- to find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this
- article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Dermal Necrotizing Angiitis
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Polyarteritis Nodosa
- Hypersensitivity Vasculitis
- Wegener's Granulomatosis
- Schoenlein-Henoch Purpura
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Giant-Cell Arteritis
- Sjogren Syndrome
- Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Cutaneous Necrotizing Vasculitis is an inflammation of the blood vessel
- system which includes the veins, arteries and capillaries. It usually also
- affects the skin and may occur alone or in conjunction with allergic,
- infectious or rheumatic diseases.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Cutaneous Necrotizing Vasculitis is a common disorder characterized by an
- inflammation of the blood vessel walls and skin lesions. These skin lesions
- may be flat and red (macules), nodules or hemorrhages under the skin
- (purpura). They may occur on many areas of the body but are seen most often
- on the back, hands, buttocks, the inside areas of the forearm and the lower
- extremities. These skin symptoms may occur only once or at regular
- intervals. They will usually last for several weeks and may leave darkened
- spots and scarring. In some cases there may be wheel-like lesions that cause
- intense itching (urticaria), or ring-shaped lesions and ulcers. Blister-like
- lesions (vesicles, bullae) may develop in severe cases. There may also be
- fever, generalized discomfort (malaise), muscle or joint pain.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Cutaneous Necrotizing Vasculitis is unknown. Some lesions
- may be caused by an allergic reaction or hypersensitivity to certain
- medications such as sulfa or penicillin, other drugs, toxins, and inhaled
- environmental irritants. Skin manifestations may also occur because of a
- fungal infection, parasites or viral infections, while in some instances the
- cause may be due to an autoimmune disorder. Autoimmune disorders are caused
- when the body's natural defenses (antibodies, lymphocytes, etc.) against
- invading organisms suddenly begin to attack healthy tissue.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Cutaneous Necrotizing Vasculitis affects males and females in equal numbers.
- It is a common inflammatory disorder.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- The following diseases can have similarities to Cutaneous Necrotizing
- Vasculitis:
-
- Polyarteritis Nodosa is a group of systemic necrotizing vasculitis
- including the original classic polyarteritis nodosa, allergic granulomatosis,
- and those disorders that have the characteristics of both (an overlap
- syndrome). (For more information on this disorder, choose "Polyarteritis" as
- your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Hypersensitivity Vasculitis includes a wide group of vasculitic syndromes
- that affect the upper and lower respiratory tract, kidneys and skin. They
- are usually caused by an allergic reaction to an unknown antigen.
-
- Wegener's Granulomatosis is a rare collagen vascular disorder that begins
- as a localized inflammation of the upper and lower respiratory tract mucosa,
- and usually progresses into generalized inflammation of the blood vessels
- (vasculitis) and kidneys (glomulonephritis). (For more information on this
- disorder, choose "Wegener" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Schoenlein-Henoch Purpura is one of a group of disorders characterized by
- purplish or brownish red discolorations of the skin. These spots may be
- large or small. Internal bleeding may occur in various areas of the body.
- This blood vessel disorder may affect the skin, joints, gastrointestinal
- system, kidneys, and in a very few cases the central nervous system. Little
- is known about the cause of this form of purpura although it may be an
- allergic reaction which more often occurs in children than adults. (For more
- information on this disorder, choose "Schoenlein" as your search term in the
- Rare Disease Database).
-
- Rheumatoid Arthritis is a common autoimmune disease that affects the
- joints. The exact cause is unknown. It is characterized by a loss of
- appetite, extreme fatigue and joint pain with deformities. The location of
- painful joints may change place (migration) and often more than one joint is
- affected. Pain, early morning stiffness, aching joints chiefly in the hands,
- knees, feet, jaws, and spine occur. Once affected, a joint may remain
- painful for a long time and eventually become deformed. (For more
- information on this disorder, choose "Rheumatoid Arthritis" as your search
- term in the Rare Disease Database.
-
- Giant-Cell Arteritis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the branches of
- the aortic arch. This disorder is found principally in the temporal and
- occipital arteries, but may develop in almost any of the large arteries. (For
- more information on this disorder, choose "Giant Cell" as your search term in
- the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Sjogren Syndrome is an autoimmune disorder causing degeneration of the
- tear and saliva glands. It is often associated with arthritis. Patients
- often complain of a gritty, burning sensation in their eyes due to loss of
- lubrication. When their mouths become dry, chewing and swallowing food is
- difficult. The lack of saliva causes particles of food to stick to the
- cheeks, gums, and throat. Other symptoms include a weak voice and dental
- decay, plus dryness of the nose, skin and vagina. (For more information on
- this disorder, choose "Sjogren" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database.)
-
- Discoid Lupus Erythematosus is a chronic and recurrent autoimmune
- disorder primarily affecting the skin. It is characterized by sharply
- circumscribed spots (macules) and plaques displaying redness (erythema),
- plugging of follicles, scales, vascular lesions (telangiectasia), and wasting
- (atrophy). There are two varieties: one with lesions above the chin, the
- other with or without facial involvement but causing skin lesions on the rest
- of the body. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Lupus" as your
- search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Cutaneous Necrotizing Vasculitis depends on the cause and
- symptoms. Removing the irritating agent (e.g., drug) and treating the
- underlying infection will usually eliminate the symptoms of this disorder.
- The drugs prednisone, cyclophosphamide, pentoxifylline and azathioprine have
- proven to be successful in treating the autoimmune form of Vasculitis. Other
- treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- At the present time research is being conducted on the use of high dose
- intravenous gammaglobulin for some forms of Cutaneous Vasculitis.
- Plasmapheresis may be of benefit in some cases. This procedure is a method
- for removing unwanted substances (toxins, metabolic substances and plasma
- parts) from the blood. Blood is removed from the patient and blood cells are
- separated from plasma. The patient's plasma is then replaced with other
- human plasma and the blood is retransfused into the patient. This therapy is
- still under investigation to analyze side effects and effectiveness. More
- research must be conducted to determine long-term safety and effectiveness of
- these treatments.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- November 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Cutaneous Necrotizing Vasculitis, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 421-8453
-
- References
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown and
- Co., 1987. Pp. 1366-1368.
-
- PULMONARY DISEASES AND DISORDERS, Volume 2, 2nd Ed.: Alfred P. Fishman
- M.D. ed.-in-chief; McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1980. Pp. 381-384.
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL, Volume 2, 14th Ed.: Robert Berkow, M.D. ed.-in-chief;
- Merck, Sharp & Dohme Laboratories., 1982. Pp. 798
-
- DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES FOR SYSTEMIC NECROTIZING VASCULITIS. SENSITIVITY,
- SPECIFICITY, AND PREDICTIVE VALUE IN PATIENTS WITH MULTISYSTEM DISEASE. P.J.
- Dahlberg et al.; ARCH INTERN MED, (January 1989; issue 149 (1)). Pp. 161-
- 165.
-
- SEVERE LEUKOCYTOCLASTIC VASCULITIS OF THE SKIN IN A PATIENT WITH
- ESSENTIAL MIXED CRYOGLOBULINEMIA TREATED WITH HIGH-DOSE GAMMA-GLOBULIN
- INTRAVENOUSLY. B.W. Boom et al.; ARCH DERMATOL, (October 1988; issue 124
- (10)). Pp. 1550.
-
- URTICARIAL VASCULITIS PROGRESSING TO SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. E.
- Bisaccia et al.; ARCH DERMATOL, (July 1988; issue 124 (7)). Pp. 1088-1090.
-
- LIVEDO VASCULITIS. THERAPY WITH PENTOXIFYLLINE. W. Sams. ARCH DERMATOL,
- (May 1988; issue 124 (5)). Pp. 684-687.
-
-