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- $Unique_ID{BRK04306}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{VACTERL Association}
- $Subject{VACTERL Association VACTERL Vertebral anomalies Anal
- atresia congenital Cardiac disease Tracheo Esophageal fistula Renal
- radial dysplasia Limb defects VATER Association defects Tracheoesophageal
- Townes-Brocks Syndrome Holt-Oram REAR}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1992 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
- Inc.
-
- 486:
- VACTERL Association
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (VACTERL Association) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next
- page to find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders
- covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- VACTERL Syndrome
- VACTERL Association
-
- VACTERL is the acronym for: (V)ertebral anomalies, (A)nal atresia,
- congenital (C)ardiac disease, (T)racheo(E)sophageal fistula, (R)enal
- anomalies, radial dysplasia, and other (L)imb defects
-
- DISORDER SUBDIVISIONS
-
- VATER Association : (V)ertebral defects, (A)nal atresia,
- (T)racheoesophageal fistula with (E)sophageal atresia, and (R)adial
- dysplasia.
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- REAR Syndrome
- Townes-Brocks Syndrome
- Holt-Oram Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or
- treatment purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this
- disorder, please contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed
- in the "Resources" section of this report.
-
-
- VACTERL Association is an acronym for (V)ertebral anomalies, (A)nal
- atresia, congenital (C)ardiac disease, (T)racheo(E)sophageal fistula,
- (R)enal anomalies, radial dysplasia, and other (L)imb defects.
- Abnormalities are present at birth. Symptoms occur in various combinations
- and can be manifestations of several recognized disorders. Related
- disorders such as the VATER Association and the REAR Syndrome, which are
- composed of some of the same symptoms, have been expanded into the VACTERL
- Association. Nearly all cases have occurred sporadically, although some
- familial cases have been identified. Occasionally, other abnormalities may
- accompany this association of symptoms.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Vertebral anomalies of the VACTERL Association can include divided spinal
- disks, incomplete or half-developed spinal disks, and developmental
- abnormalities of the tailbone (sacrum) which is the lowest section of the
- vertebral column comprising part of the pelvis.
-
- The absence of a normal opening (atresia) in the anus can also occur.
- Abnormal passages from hollow organs to the body surface or to another organ
- (fistulas) can develop between the lower section of the rectum and the
- urethra (in males), or the vagina (in females). Fistulas may occasionally
- be found in conjunction with congenital absence of the anus, usually in the
- upper section of the rectum.
-
- The most common heart (cardiac) abnormality is Ventricular Septal
- Defect, which is a congenital defect in the wall (septum) between the two
- ventricles of the heart, usually resulting from failure of the spiral septum
- to close the interventricular aperture (foramen) normally. (For more
- information on this disorder, please choose "Ventricular Septal Defect" as
- your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Abnormal passages or openings (fistulas) can also occur between the
- windpipe (trachea) and/or upper digestive tract (tracheo-esophageal
- fistula). Occasionally, the esophagus may be absent at birth.
-
- The most common kidney abnormality is the inborn absence (agenesis) of
- the kidneys. In other cases, the kidney tissue may be over-developed.
-
- Radial limb dysplasia includes any defect involving the radial side of
- the arm such as underdevelopment of the thumb, the presence of three bones
- (triphalangeal) in the thumb instead of the normal two, the presence of
- extra fingers on one hand (polydactyly), and/or absence of some of the
- fingers.
-
- Some persons with VACTERL Association may not grow at a normal rate, but
- mental development is usually normal.
-
- Causes
-
- VACTERL Association is a combination of developmental abnormalities which
- are thought to occur sporadically. However, some scientists believe some
- cases to be genetic. Abnormalities are presumed to be defects in the middle
- (mesodermal) of three primary layers of the embryo during fetal development
- due to a variety of causes.
-
- Affected Population
-
- VACTERL Association is a very rare combination of developmental
- abnormalities which affects males in slightly greater numbers than females.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of VACTERL
- Association. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- REAR Syndrome is an acronym for (R)enal anomalies, deformed external
- (E)ars and perceptive deafness, (A)nal stenosis, and (R)adial dysplasia.
- Underdeveloped kidneys are the most common renal abnormalities. The
- external ears are abnormally developed and deafness is present at birth.
- The anus is constricted or smaller than normal and other anal abnormalities
- can also occur. Abnormal tissue development is present in the area of the
- bone in the forearm (radius) or upper arm.
-
- Townes-Brocks Syndrome is characterized by the congenital lack of an
- anal opening in association with hand, foot and ear abnormalities. An extra
- joint in the thumb (triphalangeal thumb) and/or an extra thumb can be
- present. In the feet, fusion of the long bones (metatarsals) may occur, or
- some bones may be absent. External ears can be abnormally large or
- "lopping" and mild sensorineural deafness can occur.
-
- Holt-Oram Syndrome, also known as Atriodigital Dysplasia or Heart-Hand
- Syndrome, is a genetic disorder comprised of atrial septal defect in
- association with hand and forearm deformities.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of VACTERL Association by successive surgical rehabilitation of
- malformations is often useful. Other treatment is symptomatic and
- supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- The Titanium Rib Project is underway to implant expandable ribs in patients
- with disorders involving missing, underdeveloped or otherwise malformed rib
- cages, ribs or chest walls. Absent areas due to surgery or birth defects,
- fused ribs or hypoplastic chests may be improved using the titanium ribs
- which can be expanded as the child grows. Interested persons may contact:
-
- Dr. Robert Campbell
- Santa Rosa Children's Hospital
- 519 W. Houston St.
- San Antonio, TX 78207-3198
- (512) 567-5125
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- September 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on VACTERL Association, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- National Center for Child Health and Human Development
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5133
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals, contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 7th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1986. Pp. 67, 752.
-
- A POPULATION STUDY OF THE VACTERL ASSOCIATION: EVIDENCE FOR ITS
- ETIOLOGIC HETEROGENEITY: M.J. Khoury, et al.; Pediatrics (May 1983, issue
- 71(5)). Pp. 815-820.
-
- TRACHEAL AGENESIS AND ASSOCIATED MALFORMATIONS: A COMPARISON WITH
- TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA AND THE VACTERL ASSOCIATION: J.A. Evans, et al.;
- Am J Med Genet (May 1985, issue 21(1)). Pp. 21-38.
-
- TOWNES SYNDROME. A DISTINCT MULTIPLE MALFORMATION SYNDROME RESEMBLING
- VACTERL ASSOCIATION: J.H. Hersh, et al.; Clin Pediatr (Phila) (February
- 1986, issue 25(2)). Pp. 100-102.
-
-