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- $Unique_ID{BRK04281}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Toxocariasis}
- $Subject{Toxocariasis Visceral Larva Migrans (VLM) }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1988, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 538:
- Toxocariasis
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Toxocariasis) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the synonym list to find the alternate
- names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Visceral Larva Migrans (VLM)
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Toxocariasis is an infectious disorder caused by a worm parasite. It
- principally affects people in close contact with dogs or cats that carry
- these ascarid worm eggs.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Symptoms of Toxocariasis may include fever, nodular skin eruptions, coughing,
- wheezing and weight loss. Loss of appetite (anorexia), abdominal pain,
- seizures, cranial nerve palsies, blindness, liver and spleen enlargement and
- difficulty breathing may also occur.
-
- Causes
-
- Toxocariasis is caused by contact with the larvae of the toxocara worm which
- infects dogs and cats. Humans become infected when the larvae are ingested
- and travel through the circulatory system. These parasites invade the liver,
- lungs, brain and eyes. The dying larvae cause worsening inflammation which
- may result in complications, especially in the eyes. This may sometimes
- require the surgical removal of the gelatinous substance behind the eyeball
- (Pars plana vitrectomy).
-
- Affected Population
-
- Toxocariasis affects males and females in equal numbers. It is most common in
- young children from the south central or southeastern U.S.A. who play with
- infected pets.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Toxocariasis infection is treated with the drugs Mintezol which is useful for
- reducing respiratory symptoms and corticosteroids which decreases the
- inflammation. Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive. The deworming
- of puppies, limiting exposure to nursing dogs, washing of hands after
- handling pets and preventing the eating of dirt by children is important in
- reducing the chance of Toxocara infection.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- The ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) test is proving to be a
- sensitive and specific test for diagnosis of Toxocariasis infection. This
- procedure is being used on an experimental basis but may become a standard
- test in the future.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- October 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Toxocariasis, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases
- Office of Public Information
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
-
- Centers for Disease Control
- Office of Public Inquiries
- 1600 Clifton Road NE
- Atlanta, GA 30333
- (404) 639-3534
-
- References
-
-
- SEROLOGIC AND INTRADERMAL TEST FOR PARASITIC INFECTIONS. D. A. Bruckner,
- Pediatr Clin North Am (August, 1985; issue 32 (4)). Pp. 1063-1075.
-
- HUMAN TOXOCARIASIS. REVIEW WITH REPORT OF A PROBABLE CASE. P. D. Morris,
- et al.; Postgrad Med (January, 1987; issue 81 (1)). Pp. 263-267.
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown
- and Co., 1987. Pp. 1801-1802.
-
-