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- $Unique_ID{BRK04266}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Thrombocythemia, Essential}
- $Subject{Thrombocythemia, Essential ET Essential Thrombocytosis Idiopathic
- Thrombocythemia Primary Thrombocythemia Essential hemorrhagic Thrombocythemia
- Myelogenous Leukemia Myeloid Metaplasia }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
- Inc.
-
- 577:
- Thrombocythemia, Essential
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Essential
- Thrombocythemia) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM
- listing to find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this
- article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- ET
- Essential Thrombocytosis
- Idiopathic Thrombocythemia
- Primary Thrombocythemia
- Essential hemorrhagic Thrombocythemia
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Myelogenous Leukemia
- Myeloid Metaplasia
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Essential Thrombocythemia is a rare disorder of blood platelet
- production. Major symptoms may include overproduction of platelets in the
- bone marrow, accompanied by active bleeding or an enlarged spleen
- (splenomegaly).
-
- Symptoms
-
- Essential Thrombocythemia is characterized by excessive amounts of platelet
- formation in the bone marrow. This may result in active bleeding or blood
- clots (thrombosis). Other abnormalities in the bone marrow cells or
- chromosomes (cytogenetic) may occur in connection with this disorder. This
- disease may evolve with time into a more serious type of blood disease.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Essential Thrombocythemia is not known. In some cases it
- may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. (Human traits including the
- classic genetic diseases, are the product of the interaction of two genes for
- that condition, one received from the father and one from the mother. (In
- autosomal dominant disorders a single copy of the disease gene (received from
- either the mother or father) will be expressed "dominating" the other normal
- gene and resulting in appearance of the disease. The risk of transmitting
- the disorder from affected parent to offspring is fifty percent for each
- pregnancy regardless of the sex of the resulting child.)
-
- Affected Population
-
- Essential Thrombocythemia is a very rare blood disease which affects males
- and females in equal numbers. Although symptoms usually begin during the
- fifth or sixth decade of life this disorder may develop at any age.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Thrombocytopenia may occur as part of polycythemia vera, chronic myelogenous
- leukemia, or myeloid metaplasia. Symptoms of the following disorders can be
- similar to those of Essential Thrombocythemia. Comparisons may be useful for
- a differential diagnosis:
-
- Myelogenous Leukemia is a form of blood cancer.
-
- Myeloid Metaplasia is a syndrome characterized by anemia, enlargement of
- the spleen, nucleated red blood cells and immature granulocytes in the
- circulating blood. If it occurs in persons who have another disease it is
- termed secondary or symptomatic myeloid. When it occurs as a single illness
- it is termed primary or agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, myelofibrosis, or
- myelosclerosis, because of an associated fibrosis of the bone marrow. The
- condition may also develop in the course of red blood cell disease such as
- polycythemia rubra vera. There is a high incidence of development of myeloid
- leukemia in this form of the illness.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Essential Thrombocythemia usually involves the use of drugs
- which suppress the development of blood cells in the bone marrow
- (myelosuppressive agents) such as the drugs 32/P, Hydroxyurea, Melphalan or
- Busulfan. These drugs are usually effective in reducing the number of
- platelets in the bone marrow. Genetic counseling may be of benefit for
- patients and their families when they have the genetic form of the illness.
- Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Essential Thrombocythemia is being treated experimentally with the orphan
- drug, anagrelide. For more information on this drug physicians can contact:
-
- Roberts Pharmaceutical Corp.
- Meridian Center III
- 6 Industrial Way West
- Eatontown, NJ 07724
- (908) 389-1182
-
- Another experimental therapy in use is plateletpheresis which involves
- the removal of blood platelets. More research is necessary to determine long
- term safety and effectiveness of this treatment.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- March 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Essential Thrombocythemia, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Myeloproliferative Research Center, Inc.
- 2220 Tiemann Ave.
- Baychester, NY 10469
- (718) 231-0270
- (800) MPD-HELP
-
- NIH/National Heart, Blood, & Lung Institute (NHLBI)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-4236
-
- For Genetic Information and genetic counseling referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 7th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1986. Pp.712.
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown
- and Co., 1987. Pp. 1079-1086.
-
- ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTHEMIAS. CLINICAL EVOLUTIONARY AND BIOLOGICAL DATA.
- S. Bellucci, et al., Cancer (December, 1986, issue 58 (11)). Pp. 2440-2447.
-
- ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTHEMIA AND LEUKEMIC TRANSFORMATION. S. M. Sedlacek, et
- al., Medicine (Baltimore) (November, 1986, issue 65 (6)). Pp. 353-364.
-
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND NATURAL HISTORY OF PATIENTS WITH ESSENTIAL
- THROMBOCYTHEMIA AND THE PHILADELPHIA CHROMOSOME. D.B. Stoll, et al., Am J
- Hematol (February, 1988, issue 27(2)). Pp. 77-83.
-
-