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$Unique_ID{BRK04256}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Telecanthus}
$Subject{Telecanthus BBB Syndrome Hypertelorism-Hypospadias Syndrome Dystopia
Canthorum G Syndrome Waardenburg Syndrome }
$Volume{}
$Log{}
Copyright (C) 1988, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
582:
Telecanthus
** IMPORTANT **
It is possible that the main title of the article (Telecanthus With
Associated Abnormalities) is not the name you expected. Please check the
SYNONYM listing to find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered
by this article.
Synonyms
BBB Syndrome
Hypertelorism-Hypospadias Syndrome
Dystopia Canthorum
Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
Disorders section of this report:
G Syndrome
Waardenburg Syndrome
General Discussion
** REMINDER **
The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
section of this report.
Telecanthus With Associated Abnormalities is a very rare genetic disorder
affecting the eyes and other parts of the body. Major symptoms include very
widely spaced eyes (hypertelorism), urinary tract anomalies, and
abnormalities in the development of the mouth and the lips.
Symptoms
Telecanthus With Associated Abnormalities is apparent at birth. The most
obvious features are very widely spaced eyes that may be crossed or
misaligned (strabismus) combined with a high broad nasal bridge. This may be
accompanied by urinary tract deformities such as the opening of the urethra
set very low on the underside of the male penis (hypospadias) or opening into
the vagina of females. Often the testicles of the affected males are
undescended (cryptorchidism). There may be clefting of the palate, lips and
back of the mouth (uvula) and often patients show one or more congenital
heart defects. There is a high rate of mental retardation among affected
males.
Causes
The exact cause of Telecanthus With Associated Abnormalities is not known.
It is thought to be inherited as an X-linked trait. (Human traits including
the classic genetic diseases, are the product of the interaction of two genes
for that condition, one received from the father and one from the mother. X-
linked recessive disorders are conditions which are coded on the X
chromosome. Females have two X chromosomes, but males have one X chromosome
and one Y chromosome. Therefore, in females, disease traits on the X
chromosome can be masked by the normal gene on the other X chromosome. Since
males only have one X chromosome, if they inherit a gene for a disease
present on the X, it will be expressed. Men with X-linked disorders transmit
the gene to all their daughters, who are carriers, but never to their sons.
Women who are carriers of an X-linked disorder have a fifty percent risk of
transmitting the carrier condition to their daughters, and a fifty percent
risk of transmitting the disease to their sons.)
Affected Population
Telecanthus With Associated Abnormalities affects males more often and more
seriously than females.
Related Disorders
Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Telecanthus
With Associated Abnormalities. Comparisons may be useful for a differential
diagnosis:
G Syndrome is marked at birth by widely spaced eyes (hypertelorism), a
broad, flat nasal bridge, neuromuscular defects of the esophagus and
swallowing mechanism, and a hoarse cry. The opening of the urethra may be
too low on the underside of the penis (hypospadias). Undescended testicles
(cryptorchidism), a scrotum that is divided into two parts (bifid) and an
anus without an opening (imperforate) may be present.
Waardenburg Syndrome is characterized by displacement of the inner folds
of the eyelids, prominence of the nose, and overdevelopment of the eyebrows.
The patient may have two different colored eyes or two colors in one iris of
the eye. Congenital nerve deafness may also occur. A white streak of hair
in the front (forelock) of the head or early greying of the hair may
characterize this disorder. A thin nose with flaring nostrils, a "cupid bow"
configuration of the lips, wide-set eyes, inflammation of the tear sac and
drooping of the upper eyelids may occur. A lack of an indent between the
nose and the forehead, prominent lower jaw and a clefted or high-arched
palate may also be present. (For more information on this disorder, choose
"Waardenburg" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
Therapies: Standard
Treatment of Telecanthus With Associated Abnormalities may include
reconstructive surgery to correct the spacing between the eyes as well as
straightening the eyes themselves. Surgical correction of the urinary
deformities as well as the cleft palate, lips and uvula may also be
recommended. If heart deformities are present, surgery may be necessary.
Genetic counseling may be of benefit for patients and their families. Other
treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
Therapies: Investigational
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
November 1988. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
the most current information about this disorder.
Resources
For more information on Telecanthus with Associated Abnormalities, please
contact:
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
P.O. Box 8923
New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
(203) 746-6518
NIH/National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHHD)
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 496-5133
Forward Face
560 First Ave.
New York, NY 10016
(212) 263-5205
(800) 422-FACE
National Craniofacial Foundation
3100 Carlisle Suite 215
Dallas, TX 75204
1-800-535-3843
FACES
National Association for the Craniofacially Handicapped
P.O. Box 11082
Chattanooga, TN 37401
(615) 266-1632
Society for the Rehabilitation of the Facially Disfigured, Inc.
550 First Avenue
New York, NY 10016
(212) 340-5400
For Genetic Information and genetic counseling referrals:
March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
White Plains, NY 10605
(914) 428-7100
Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
Chevy Chase, MD 20815
(800) 336-GENE
(301) 652-5553
References
MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 7th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
University Press, 1986. Pp. 1458.
PHENOTYPIC OVERLAP OF THE BBB AND G SYNDROMES. J. F. Cordero, et al., Am
J Med Genet (1978, issue 2 (2)). Pp. 145-152.
STUDIES OF MALFORMATION SYNDROMES OF MAN VB; THE HYPERTELORISM-HYP (BBB)
SYNDROME. CASE REPORT AND REVIEW. C. H. Gonzalez, et al., Eur J Pediatr
(April, 1977, issue 125 (1)). Pp. 1-13.
THE G AND BBB SYNDROMES; CASE PRESENTATIONS, GENETICS, AND NOSOLOGY. S.
J. Funderburk, et al., Am J Med Genet (1978, issue 2 (2)). Pp. 131-144.