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- $Unique_ID{BRK04192}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Robert's Syndrome}
- $Subject{Robert's Syndrome Pseudothalidomide Syndrome
- Hypomelia-Hypotrichosis-Facial Hemangioma Syndrome SC Syndrome Phocomelia
- Thrombocytopenia-Absent Radius (TAR) Syndrome }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1989, 1990, 1992 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
- Inc.
-
- 692:
- Robert's Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Robert's Syndrome) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Pseudothalidomide Syndrome
- Hypomelia-Hypotrichosis-Facial Hemangioma Syndrome
- SC Syndrome
-
- DISORDER SUBDIVISIONS:
-
- Phocomelia
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Thrombocytopenia-Absent Radius (TAR) Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Robert's Syndrome is a very rare genetic disorder characterized by severe
- defects in facial and limb development. Infants with this disorder show a
- growth deficiency and are usually mentally retarded.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Individuals with Robert's Syndrome are frequently missing bones in the limbs.
- The bones that are present are often extremely short, with the feet and arms
- located close to the trunk (phocomelia).
-
- Other symptoms of Robert's Syndrome include a small, broad head
- (microbrachiocephaly); sparse, silvery hair; low birth weight; growth
- deficiency; cleft lip with or without cleft palate; widely spaced eyes
- (hypertelorism); malformed ears; an abnormally small jaw (micrognathia) and
- undescended testes. Less common symptoms include brain hernia, an abnormal
- increase in brain fluid resulting in enlargement of the skull (hydrocephaly),
- unusually small eyes, cataracts, clouding of the cornea, malformed kidneys,
- heart defects and decreased blood platelets (thrombocytopenia).
-
- Causes
-
- Robert's Syndrome is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Human
- traits, including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of the
- interaction of two genes, one received from the father and one from the
- mother. In recessive disorders, the condition does not appear unless a
- person inherits the same defective gene for the same trait from each parent.
- If one receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will
- be a carrier for the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of
- transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are
- carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of
- their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five
- percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one from each
- parent, and will be genetically normal.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Robert's Syndrome affects males and females in equal numbers.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Disorder Subdivisions:
- Phocomelia is a birth defect that may be genetically transmitted in some
- cases, or in other cases, caused by toxins (such as certain drugs) taken by a
- pregnant woman. Major symptoms may include growth and mental retardation,
- defects in the eyes, ears, and nose, and deficient limb developing affecting
- the arms and possibly the legs. There have been a number of patients
- exhibiting overlap of symptoms between Robert's Syndrome and the genetic form
- of Phocomelia. The two disorders may be different expressions of a gene or
- represent variable severity of the same disorder. (For more information on
- this disorder, choose "Phocomelia" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database.
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Robert's
- Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- There are many birth defects which can cause malformed or missing limbs.
- One of these is Thrombocytopenia-Absent Radius (TAR) Syndrome. TAR Syndrome
- is a genetic disorder characterized by a very low level of the number of
- platelets in the blood (thrombocytopenia) and the absence or underdevelopment
- of one of the short bones (radius) in the arm. Thrombocytopenia may cause
- excessive bleeding from the skin, mucous membranes (thin most layer lining
- the body's cavity), or within the skull. Other blood disorders may also
- occur. The underdevelopment of the other short bone (ulna) of the arm, and
- defects of the hands, legs, and/or feet may also occur. (For more
- information on this disorder, choose "TAR" as your search term in the Rare
- Disease Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Individuals with Robert's Syndrome may benefit from surgery for facial and
- limb defects. Prosthetic devices can also reduce problems associated with
- missing limbs.
-
- Genetic counseling may be of benefit for Robert's Syndrome patients and
- their families. Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Dr. Uta Francke of the Stanford University School of Medicine is conducting a
- study of Robert's Syndrome and is in need of more patients, their brothers
- and sisters who do not show symptoms of the syndrome, and their parents to
- participate in the study. If you are interested, please contact:
-
- Dr. Uta Francke
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- Stanford University School of Medicine
- Beckman Center B205
- Stanford, CA 94305
- (415) 725-8089
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- April 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Robert's Syndrome, please contact;
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- International Center for Skeletal Dysplasia
- St. Joseph Hospital
- 7620 York Road
- Towson, MD 21204
- (301) 337-1250
-
- Association of Children's Prosthetic and
- Orthotic Clinics (ACPOC)
- 317 E. 34th St.
- New York, NY 10016
-
- Forward Face
- 560 First Ave.
- New York, NY 10016
- (212) 263-5205
- (800) 422-FACE
-
- FACES
- National Association for the Craniofacially Handicapped
- P.O. Box 11082
- Chattanooga, TN 37401
- (615) 266-1632
-
- National Craniofacial Foundation
- 3100 Carlisle Street
- Dallas, TX 75204
- 1-800-535-3643
-
- NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5133
-
- For Genetic Information and genetic counseling referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 8th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1986. Pp. 1174.
-
- SMITH'S RECOGNIZABLE PATTERNS OF HUMAN MALFORMATION, 4th ed.: Kenneth
- Lyons Jones, M.D.; W. B. Saunders Company, 1988. Pp. 256-257.
-
-