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- $Unique_ID{BRK04084}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Paramyotonia Congenita}
- $Subject{Paramyotonia Congenita Eulenburg Disease Myotonia Congenita
- Intermittens Paralysis Periodica Paramyotonica Paramyotonia Congenita of Von
- Eulenburg Von Eulenburg Paramyotonia Congenita Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis
- Myotonic Dystrophy Thomsen Disease Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1992 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 907:
- Paramyotonia Congenita
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Paramyotonia
- Congenita) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing
- to find the alternate name and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Eulenburg Disease
- Myotonia Congenita Intermittens
- Paralysis Periodica Paramyotonica
- Paramyotonia Congenita of Von Eulenburg
- Von Eulenburg Paramyotonia Congenita
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis
- Myotonic Dystrophy
- Thomsen Disease
- Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The Information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Paramyotonia Congenita is a rare muscular disorder inherited as an
- autosomal dominant trait. This nonprogressive disorder is characterized by a
- condition in which the muscles do not relax after contracting (myotonia).
- Symptoms can be triggered by exposure to the cold. There are also
- intermittent periods of a type of paralysis in which there is no muscle tone
- (flaccid paresis). This condition does not necessarily coincide with
- exposure to cold temperatures or myotonia. There is no wasting (atrophy) or
- increase in bulk (hypertrophy) of muscles with this disorder.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Patients with Paramyotonia Congenita have a condition in which the muscles do
- not relax after contracting (myotonia). This condition may become worse with
- exposure to the cold. The muscles of the face, tongue and hands are most
- often affected. Repeated contractions of the muscles can aggravate the
- myotonia (paradoxical myotonia).
-
- Some patients with Paramyotonia Congenita may experience a form of
- paralysis in which muscle tone is lacking (flaccid paresis). These attacks
- may be accompanied by increased levels of potassium in the blood in some
- cases but not in others.
-
- Paramyotonia Congenita is usually apparent during infancy and is not
- progressive. Patients with this disorder do not have wasting of muscles
- (atrophy) or an increase of muscle bulk (hypertrophy).
-
- Causes
-
- Paramyotonia Congenita is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Human
- traits, including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of the
- interaction of two genes, one received from the father and one from the
- mother. In dominant disorders a single copy of the disease gene (received
- from either the mother or father) will be expressed "dominating" the other
- normal gene and resulting in the appearance of the disease. The risk of
- transmitting the disorder from affected parent to offspring is fifty percent
- for each pregnancy regardless of the sex of the resulting child.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Paramyotonia Congenita is a very rare disorder that affects males and females
- in equal numbers. Three large families with multiple generations of affected
- members have accounted for at least 60 patients with Paramyotonia Congenita.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Paramyotonia
- Congenita. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis is rare disorder inherited as an
- autosomal dominant trait and typically detected during infancy. This
- disorder is characterized by periodic muscle weakness with or without muscles
- that do not relax after contracting (myotonia). Patients may have attacks
- once a week or several times a day. Typically the periods of muscle
- weakness last from one half an hour to an hour. This weakness may be found
- in the calves or thighs of the legs, lower back, arms, neck and/or eyelids.
- Periods of muscle weakness usually follow rest after exercise, hunger,
- infection, exposure to the cold and/or emotional stress. Permanent weakness
- and wasting of muscles may develop later on.
-
- Myotonic Dystrophy is a rare disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant
- trait. This disorder involves the muscles, vision, and endocrine glands.
- Myotonic Dystrophy usually begins during young adulthood and is marked
- initially by an inability to relax muscles after contraction. Loss of muscle
- strength, mental deficiency, cataracts, reduction of testicular function, and
- frontal baldness are also symptomatic of this disorder. (For more
- information on this disorder, choose "Myotonic Dystrophy" as your search term
- in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Thomsen Disease is a rare disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant
- trait. This neuromuscular disorder usually begins early in life. Difficulty
- in initiating movement combined with slowness of muscle relaxation are the
- primary symptoms. Muscle stiffness of the entire body may also occur.
- Thomsen Disease is generally a nonprogressive disorder. (For more
- information on this disorder, choose "Thomsen Disease" as your search term in
- the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Some patients with Paramyotonia Congenita may benefit from acetazolamide or
- thiazide diuretic drugs to reduce the number of paralytic attacks.
-
- Treatment with the drug tocainide may help reduce the cold-induced
- symptoms in some patients.
-
- Genetic counseling may be of benefit for patients and their families.
- Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Research on birth defects and their causes is ongoing. The National
- Institutes of Health (NIH) is sponsoring the Human Genome Project which is
- aimed at mapping every gene in the human body and learning why they sometimes
- malfunction. It is hoped that this new knowledge will lead to prevention and
- treatment of genetic disorders in the future.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- April 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Paramyotonia Congenita, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Information
- Clearinghouse
- Box AMS
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 495-4484
-
- For Genetic Information and Genetic Counseling Referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 9th Ed.: Victor A. McKusick, Editor: Johns
- Hopkins University Press, 1990. Pp. 708.
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 19th Ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Editors; W.B. Saunders Co., 1990. Pp. 2284.
-
- BIRTH DEFECTS ENCYCLOPEDIA, Mary Louise Buyse, M.D., Editor-In-Chief;
- Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1990. Pp. 1365-66.
-
- PRINCIPLES OF NEUROLOGY, 4th Ed.; Raymond D. Adams, M.D. and Maurice
- Victor, M.D., Editors; McGraw-Hill Information Services Company, 1989. Pp.
- 1163.
-
- PARAMYOTONIA CONGENITA OR HYPERKALEMIC PERIODIC PARALYSIS? CLINICAL AND
- ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF EACH ENTITY IN ONE FAMILY: S.M. de Silva,
- et al.; Muscle Nerve (January, 1990, issue 13(1)). Pp. 21-6.
-
-