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- $Unique_ID{BRK04078}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Pallister-Killian Mosaic Syndrome}
- $Subject{Pallister-Killian Mosaic Syndrome Chromosome 12, Isochromosome 12p
- Mosaicism Killian Syndrome Killian/Teschler-Nicola Syndrome Pallister Mosaic
- Syndrome Pallister Mosaic Syndrome Tetrasomy 12p Teschler-Nicola/Killian
- Syndrome Chromosome 12, Partial Trisomy 12P Hypomelanosis of ITO}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1992 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 512:
- Pallister-Killian Mosaic Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Pallister-Killian
- Mosaic Syndrome) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS
- listing to find the alternate name and disorder subdivisions covered by this
- article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Chromosome 12, Isochromosome 12p Mosaicism
- Killian Syndrome
- Killian/Teschler-Nicola Syndrome
- Pallister Mosaic Syndrome
- Pallister Mosaic Syndrome Tetrasomy 12p
- Teschler-Nicola/Killian Syndrome
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Chromosome 12, Partial Trisomy 12P
- Hypomelanosis of ITO
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The Information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Pallister-Killian Mosaic Syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder that
- occurs for no apparent reason. Major symptoms may include a coarse face with
- a high forehead, sparse hair on the scalp, an abnormally wide space between
- the eyes, a fold of the skin over the inner corner of the eyes, and a broad
- nasal bridge with a highly arched palate. Mental retardation, loss of muscle
- tone, and streaks of skin lacking color are often present.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Patients with Pallister-Killian Mosaic Syndrome typically have low muscle
- tone at birth, sparse scalp hair, a high forehead, a coarse face, an
- abnormally wide space between the eyes, a broad nasal bridge, a highly arched
- palate, a fold of the skin over the inner corner of the eyes, and large ears
- with lobes that are thick and protrude outward.
-
- Other features frequently found in patients with this disorder may
- include: streaks of skin in which there is no color (hypopigmentation),
- extra nipples, seizures, droopy upper eyelids, crossed eyes (strabismus),
- joints that will not move (contractures), and delays in perceiving,
- recognizing, judging, sensing, reasoning or imagining (cognitive delays).
-
- Congenital heart defects, hernia's of the diaphragm, a narrowing of the
- external auditory canal (stenosis) and an abnormal opening in the anus have
- also been associated with Pallister-Killian Mosaic Syndrome.
-
- Causes
-
- Pallister-Killian Mosaic Syndrome is caused by tetrasomy for chromosome 12p.
- Patients with Pallister-Killian Mosaic Syndrome have four copies of the short
- arm of chromosome 12 instead of the normal two. All recorded cases of this
- disorder have been sporadic (not believed to be hereditary).
-
- Affected Population
-
- Pallister-Killian Mosaic Syndrome is a very rare disorder that affects males
- and females in equal numbers. There have been approximately 30 cases of this
- disorder reported in the medical literature.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Pallister-
- Killian Mosaic Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential
- diagnosis:
-
- Hypomelanosis of ITO is a rare disorder in which the main characteristic
- is lesions of the skin. A whorl-like lack of pigmentation of the skin may
- occur on any part of the body except the soles, palms, and scalp. Over half
- of the patients with this disorder may have seizures, mental retardation,
- crossed eyes, nearsightedness, a cleft along the edge of the eyeball
- (coloboma), an abnormally small head and/or an abnormal overgrowth of brain
- tissue (megalencephaly). Autosomal dominant inheritance has been suggested
- in some cases.
-
- Chromosome 12, Partial Trisomy 12P, is a rare genetic disorder in which
- there is a triplicated section of the short arm of the 12th chromosome.
- Patients with this disorder have a lack of muscle tone (hypotonia), growth
- retardation, and distinct facial features such as a flat upturned nose with a
- wide bridge, shallow eye sockets, a vertical fold of the skin over the inner
- corner of the eye, an upward slant of the opening between the upper and lower
- eyelids, a long thick lower lip, a large tongue and short broad hands with
- the fifth finger bent to the side. Chromosome 12, Partial Trisomy 12P
- affects females twice as often as males.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Pallister-Killian Mosaic Syndrome can be diagnosed prenatally by removing a
- small amount of fluid that is in the womb during pregnancy (amniocentesis),
- or by studying the cell parts that concern heredity, especially chromosomes
- (cytogenetic) in bone marrow.
-
- Children with Pallister-Killian Mosaic Syndrome may benefit from early
- intervention programs and special education.
-
- Genetic counseling may be of benefit for patients and their families.
- Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Research on birth defects and their causes is ongoing. The National
- Institutes of Health (NIH) is sponsoring the Human Genome Project which is
- aimed at mapping every gene in the human body and learning why they sometimes
- malfunction. It is hoped that this new knowledge will lead to prevention and
- treatment of birth defects in the future.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- March 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Pallister-Killian Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Pallister-Killian Family Support Group
- 4255 5th Ave., SW
- Naples, FL 33999
- (813) 455-0400
-
- Association for Retarded Citizens of the U.S.
- P.O. Box 6109
- Arlington, TX 76005
- (817) 640-0204
- 1-800-433-5255
-
- For Genetic Information and Genetic Counseling Referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10505
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- SMITH'S RECOGNIZABLE PATTERNS OF HUMAN MALFORMATION, 4th Ed.: Kenneth L.
- Jones, M.D., Editor; W. B. Saunders Co., 1988. Pp. 176.
-
- BIRTH DEFECTS ENCYCLOPEDIA, Mary Louise Buyse, M.D., Editor-In-Chief;
- Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1990. Pp. 1353.
-
- PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF PALLISTER-KILLIAN SYNDROME: S. Soukup, et al.; Am
- J Med Genet (April, 1990, issue 35(4)). Pp. 526-8.
-
- MOSAICISM IN PALLISTER i(12p) SYNDROME: S.L. Wenger, et al.; Am J Med
- Genet (April, 1990, issue 35(4)). Pp. 523-5.
-
- PALLISTER-KILLIAN MOSAIC SYNDROME WITH EMPHASIS ON THE ADULT PHENOTYPE:
- O.W. Quarrell, et al.; Am J Med Genet (December, 1988, issue 31(4)). Pp.
- 841-4.
-
- ISOCHROMOSOME 12p MOSAICISM (PALLISTER-KILLIAN SYNDROME): NEWBORN
- DIAGNOSIS BY DIRECT BONE MARROW ANALYSIS: B.E. Ward, et al.; Am J Genet
- (December, 1988, issue 31(4)). Pp. 835-9.
-
- SKELETAL ANOMALIES IN A PATIENT WITH THE PALLISTER/TESCHLER-
- NICOLA/KILLIAN SYNDROME: H Kawashima; Am J Med Genet (June, 1987, issue
- 28(2)). Pp. 285-9.
-
-