home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- $Unique_ID{BRK04065}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome}
- $Subject{Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome Mohr Syndrome OFD Syndrome
- Orofaciodigital Syndrome Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome Oral-Facial-Digital
- Syndrome I Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome II Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome III
- Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome IV Juberg-Hayward Syndrome Nager Acrofacial
- Dysostosis, AFD, Nager Type Joubert Syndrome}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
- Inc.
-
- 531:
- Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Oral-Facial-Digital
- Syndrome) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on
- the next page to find alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by
- this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Mohr Syndrome
- OFD Syndrome
- Orofaciodigital Syndrome
- Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome
-
- DISORDER SUBDIVISIONS:
-
- Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome I
- Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome II
- Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome III
- Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome IV
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Juberg-Hayward Syndrome
- Nager Acrofacial Dysostosis, AFD, Nager Type
- Joubert Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome (OFD) is a genetic disorder. Major symptoms
- include many episodic neuromuscular disturbances, congenital malformations
- such as cleft palate, other facial deformities, malformation of the hands and
- feet, shortened limbs and various degrees of mental retardation.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Four types of Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome have been identified. Symptoms
- Common to all types include episodic neuromuscular disturbances, split
- tongue, splits in the jaw, midline cleft lip, overgrowth of the membrane that
- supports the tongue (frenulum), a broad based nose, vertical folds of skin
- covering the inner angle where the eyelids meet (epicanthic folds), more than
- the normal number of fingers and/or toes, shorter than normal fingers and/or
- toes, and more than the normal number of divisions between skull sections.
-
- Children born with Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome (OFD) type I have coarse
- thin hair, grainy skin lesions, and the development of more than the normal
- number of fingers on one hand only (unilateral polysyndactyly).
-
- Patients with OFD II have much the same symptoms as those of Type I
- although they also have more than the normal number of toes on both feet.
-
- Type III OFD is characterized by more than the normal number of teeth and
- a wider eye opening during chewing ("jaw winking").
-
- OFD type IV is distinguishable from other types of this disorder because
- it is marked by shortened limbs. Some patients also have psychomotor
- retardation, clefts of the jaw and tongue, and tooth malformations.
- Abnormalities of the jaw, tongue and upper lip occur as well as eye problems,
- such as "seesaw winking" and outward focusing of the eyes independently of
- each other (exotropia).
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of OFD is not known although it is suspected to be inherited
- in types II, III, and IV as an autosomal recessive trait. Type I OFD is
- suspected to be inherited as an X-linked dominant trait.
-
- Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of
- the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from the father
- and one from the mother.
-
- In recessive disorders, the condition does not appear unless a person
- inherits the same defective gene from each parent. If one receives one
- normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be a carrier for
- the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of transmitting the
- disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are carriers for a
- recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of their children
- will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five percent of
- their children will receive both normal genes, one from each parent and will
- be genetically normal.
-
- In X-linked dominant disorders, the female with only one X chromosome
- affected will develop the disease. However, the affected male always has a
- more severe condition. Sometimes affected males die before birth so that
- only female patients survive.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome is a very rare disorder. Most types affect
- males and females in equal numbers.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Oral-Facial-
- Digital Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Juberg-Hayword Syndrome (Orocraniodigital Syndrome) is a rare hereditary
- disorder characterized by cleft lip and palate malformations, a smaller than
- normal sized head, deformities of the thumbs and toes, and growth hormone
- deficiency resulting in short stature.
-
- Nager Acrofacial Dysostosis, AFD, Nager Type, (Mandibulofacial
- Dysostosis) is a rare hereditary disorder marked by abnormal facial
- development. This results in cleft lip and palate, defective development of
- bones of the jaw and arms, and smaller than normal thumbs.
-
- Joubert Syndrome is a very rare hereditary neurological disorder marked
- by malformation of the area of the brain which controls balance and
- coordination. Neuromuscular and eye movement disturbances similar to those
- of Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome occur. Additionally, psychomotor
- retardation, and/or respiratory abnormalities may develop. Some of the
- symptoms may decrease with age. (For more information on this disorder,
- choose "Joubert Syndrome" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome may involve reconstructive surgery
- for facial clefts. Genetic counseling is recommended for patients and their
- families. Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through May
- 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Dental Research
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-4261
-
- Forward Face
- 560 First Ave.
- New York, NY 10016
- (212) 263-5205
- (800) 422-FACE
-
- FACES
- National Association for the Craniofacially Handicapped
- P.O. Box 11082
- Chattanooga, TN 37401
- (615) 266-1632
-
- About Face
- 99 Crowns Lane
- Toronto, Ontario M5R 3PA
- Canada
- (416) 944-3223
-
- Let's Face It
- Box 711
- Concord, MA 01742
- (508) 371-3186
-
- National Foundation for Facial Reconstruction
- 550 First Avenue
- New York, NY 11016
- (212) 340-6656
-
- For Information on Cleft Palate:
-
- American Cleft Palate Cranial Facial Association
- 1218 Granview Ave.
- Pittsburgh, PA 15211
- (412) 681-1376
- (800) 24CLEFT
-
- Prescription Parents, Inc.
- P.O. Box 426
- Quincy, MA 02269
- (617) 479-2463
-
- National Cleft Palate Association
- 1218 Grandview Ave.
- Pittsburgh, PA 15211
- 1-800-24CLEFT
- 1-800-23CLEFT
-
- National Foundation of Dentistry for the Handicapped
- 1250 14th Street, Suite 610
- Denver, Colorado 80202
- (303) 573-0264
-
- For Genetic Information and genetic counseling referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- This Rare Disease Database entry is based upon outlines prepared by medical
- and dental students (1984-1986) at the Medical College of Virginia for their
- course in human genetics, and the following articles:
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 7th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns
- Hopkins University Press, 1986. Pp. 1118, 1175, 1438.
-
- THE SPECTRUM OF THE ORO-FACIAL-DIGITAL SYNDROME; O.M. Fenton, et al.; Br
- J Plast Surg (October 1985, issue 38(4)). Pp.532-539.
-
- MOHR SYNDROME IN TWO SIBLINGS: A. Gencik, et al.; J Genet Hum (December
- 1983, issue 31(4)). Pp. 307-315.
-
- PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF MOHR SYNDROME BY ULTRASONOGRAPHY: M. Iaccarino, et
- al.; Prenat Diagn (November-December 1985, issue 5(6)). Pp. 415-418.
-
- OROCRANIODIGITAL (JUBERG-HAYWARD) SYNDROME WITH GROWTH HORMONE
- DEFICIENCY; H. M. Kingston, et al.; Arch Dis Child (October 1982, issue 57
- (10)). Pp. 790-792.
-
- A CASE OF THE OROCRANIODIGITAL (JUBERG-HAYWARD) SYNDROME; N. C. Nevin, et
- al.; J. Med. Genet (December 1981, issue 18 (6)). Pp. 478-481.
-
- SYNDROME OF ACROFACIAL DYSOSTOSIS, CLEFT LIP/PALATE, AND TRIPHALANGEAL
- THUMB IN A BRAZILIAN FAMILY; A. Richieri-Costa, et al.; Am J Med Genet (1983
- issue 14). Pp. 225-229.
-
-