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- $Unique_ID{BRK04051}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome}
- $Subject{Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome
- Hermans-Herzberg Phakomatosis Nevus, Epitheliomatosis Multiplex with Jaw Cysts
- Malignant Melanoma Basal Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 681:
- Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Nevoid Basal Cell
- Carcinoma Syndrome) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM
- listing to find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this
- article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome
- Hermans-Herzberg Phakomatosis
- Nevus, Epitheliomatosis Multiplex with Jaw Cysts
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Malignant Melanoma
- Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome is a form of cancer, characterized
- by the appearance of lesions, and the development of multiple cysts and bony
- formations of the face and head. The lesions may be found on the first layer
- of the skin (epidermis), or in the mucous membranes of the mouth. The
- connective tissues, and the nervous and vascular (blood vessel) systems of
- the body may also be affected. The skin lesions are limited in size, but not
- in number, and are not usually due to any external causes.
-
- Symptoms
-
- The symptoms of Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma consist of multiple lesions on
- the neck, face, back and chest. The onset of this disorder is usually not
- before puberty, with the number of lesions increasing with age. With this
- disorder there may be swelling of the jaw due to multiple cysts, or a
- projection of the jaw beyond the forehead (frontal bossing). Late eruption
- of the teeth in children, abnormal contraction of the toes upon irritation of
- the soles of the feet (plantar reflexes), and mental retardation may also
- occur.
-
- Vision problems, such as cataracts, and defects in the pigmented vascular
- coat of the eye from the ora serrata to the optic nerve (coloboma of choroid,
- optic nerve), are also symptomatic of this disorder. Other characteristics
- may be irregularities of the vertebrae, bifid (split) ribs, scoliosis
- (curvature of the spine) and a hardening of some areas of the brain
- (calcification of falk cerebri).
-
- Causes
-
- Scientists suspect that there may be a genetic predisposition for Nevoid
- Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome which may be transmitted through autosomal
- dominant genes. Human traits, including the classic genetic diseases, are a
- product of the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from
- the father and one from the mother. In dominant disorders a single copy of
- the disease gene (received from either the mother or father) will be
- expressed "dominating" the other normal gene and resulting in appearance of
- the disease. The risk of transmitting the disorder from affected parent to
- offspring is 50% for each pregnancy regardless of the sex of the resulting
- child. A genetic predisposition to an illness means that some people may
- carry the defective gene but never get the disorder unless something in the
- environment triggers the disease process.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome affects males and females in equal
- numbers.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Nevoid Basal
- Cell Carcinoma. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Malignant Melanoma is a skin cancer that arises from the melanin cells of
- the upper layer of the skin (epidermis) or from similar cells that can be
- found in moles (nevi). This type of skin cancer may send down roots into
- deeper layers of the skin. Some of these microscopic roots can spread
- (metastasize), causing new tumor growths in vital organs of the body. (For
- more information on this disorder, choose "Malignant Melanoma" as your search
- term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Basal Cell Carcinoma is a common skin cancer. It may appear as a small,
- shiny, firm nodule; ulcerated, crusted lesions or flat, scar-like hardened
- patches that may bleed. This type of skin cancer is difficult to
- differentiate from psoriasis or localized dermatitis without a biopsy.
-
- Squamous Cell Carcinomas usually appear on the sun-exposed areas of the
- skin, but may occur anywhere on the body. The lesions begin as a small red
- elevation or patch with a scaly or crusted surface. They may become nodular,
- sometimes with a warty surface. In some, the bulk of the lesion may lie
- below the level of the surrounding tissue. A biopsy is essential to diagnose
- this disorder.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome can sometimes be very
- difficult due to the location and the great number of lesions or tumors that
- are symptomatic of this disorder. When surgery has not been totally
- successful, chemotherapy (drug) treatment is being used. The oral drug,
- Etrinate, has proven to be effective in treating existing lesions, and
- inhibiting new tumor formation in many patients. Genetic counseling may be
- of benefit for patients and their families. Other treatment is symptomatic
- and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- At the present time, a study is being conducted on the effectiveness of the
- oral drug Isotretinoin on the maintenance and prevention of this disorder.
- More research must be conducted to determine long-term safety and
- effectiveness of this drug.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- July 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- The Skin Cancer Foundation
- 475 Park Avenue South
- New York, NY 10016
- (212) 725-5176
-
- American Cancer Society
- 1599 Clifton Rd., NE
- Atlanta, GA 30329
- (404) 320-3333
-
- NIH/National Cancer Institute
- 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 31, Rm. 1A2A
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- 1-800-4-CANCER
-
- The National Cancer Institute has developed PDQ (Physician Data Query), a
- computerized database designed to give the public, cancer patients and
- families, and health professionals quick and easy access to many types of
- information vital to patients with this and many other types of cancer. To
- gain access to this service, call:
-
- Cancer Information Service (CIS)
- 1-800-4-CANCER
- In Washington, DC and suburbs in Maryland and Virginia, 636-5700
- In Alaska, 1-800-638-6070
- In Oahu, Hawaii, (808) 524-1234 (Neighbor islands call collect)
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals, please contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 8th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1986. Pp.90.
-
- LONG-TERM RETINOID THERAPY IS NEEDED FOR MAINTENANCE OF CANCER
- CHEMOPREVENTATIVE EFFECT. G.L. Peck, DERMATOLOGICA, (1987; 175 Suppl (1)),
- Pp. 138-144.
-
- ETRINATE TREATMENT OF THE NEVOID BASAL CELL CARCINOMA SYNDROME.
- THERAPEUTIC AND CHEMOPREVENTIVE EFFECT. E. Hodak, INT J DERMATOL, (November
- 1987; 26(9)). Pp. 606-609.
-
- AROMATIC RETINOID IN THE CHEMOPREVENTION OF THE PROGRESSION OF NEVOID
- BASAL-CELL CARCINOMA SYNDROME. M. Cristofolini, J DERMATOL SURG ONCOL,
- (October 1984; 10(10)). Pp. 778-781.
-
-