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- $Unique_ID{BRK04022}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Muscular Dystrophy, Landouzy-Dejerine}
- $Subject{Muscular Dystrophy Landouzy-Dejerine Facio-scapulo-humeral Dystrophy
- Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy
- Infantile FMD FSHD Muscular Dystrophy Facioscapulohumeral Central Core Disease
- Kugelberg-Welander Syndrome Scapuloperoneal Myopathy Nemaline Myopathy}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1992 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 911:
- Muscular Dystrophy, Landouzy-Dejerine
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Landouzy-Dejerine
- Muscular Dystrophy) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS
- listing to find the alternate name and disorder subdivisions covered by this
- article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Facio-scapulo-humeral Dystrophy
- Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy
- Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy, Infantile
- FMD
- FSHD
- Muscular Dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Central Core Disease
- Kugelberg-Welander Syndrome
- Scapuloperoneal Myopathy
- Nemaline Myopathy
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The Information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Landouzy-Dejerine Muscular Dystrophy is a neuromuscular disorder
- inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. Weakness of the facial muscles
- giving a mask-like appearance as well as weakness of the shoulder girdle
- typically appear anytime during the first two decades of life. The amount of
- muscle weakness can vary from slight to severe. A more severe form of
- Landouzy-Dejerine Muscular Dystrophy is apparent during infancy and has a
- rapid progression.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Landouzy-Dejerine Muscular Dystrophy is characterized by muscle weakness of
- the face and shoulder girdle. The amount of muscle weakness can be slight,
- slowly progressive, rapidly progressive or there can be a few muscles that
- cannot move at all.
-
- Initially weakness of the facial muscles may cause the patient to have
- trouble blowing or puckering the lips. As the muscle weakness becomes more
- severe, a mask-like facial expression develops and the patient cannot close
- the eyes while sleeping.
-
- When the shoulder girdle becomes affected it becomes difficult to lift
- the arms above the head. The muscles of the neck and shoulder blade become
- weak and waste away. Some patients may eventually not be able to raise their
- arms to eye level.
-
- Landouzy-Dejerine Muscular Dystrophy can vary in how the symptoms
- manifest themselves even among related family members, and progression of the
- muscle weakness can vary widely between patients.
-
- Some patients may have: a condition in which the wrist is flexed down
- and cannot be flexed up (wrist-drop); affected muscles of the hip girdle;
- forward curvature of the spine; a condition in which the foot is flexed down
- and cannot voluntarily be flexed up (foot drop); sensorineural hearing loss;
- abnormalities of the blood vessels in the retina of the eye; and/or part or
- all of certain muscles missing at birth.
-
- A more severe form of Landouzy-Dejerine Muscular Dystrophy is present
- during infancy. This form of the disorder progresses rapidly causing severe
- weakness of the muscles and the inability to walk by the age of ten years.
-
- Causes
-
- Landouzy-Dejerine Muscular Dystrophy is inherited as an autosomal dominant
- trait. Human traits, including the classic genetic diseases, are the product
- of the interaction of two genes, one received from the father and one from
- the mother. In dominant disorders a single copy of the disease gene
- (received from either the mother or father) will be expressed "dominating"
- the other normal gene and resulting in the appearance of the disease. The
- risk of transmitting the disorder from affected parent to offspring is fifty
- percent for each pregnancy regardless of the sex of the resulting child.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Landouzy-Dejerine Muscular Dystrophy is a very rare disorder that affects
- males and females in equal numbers. The incident rate varies among different
- locations and ethnic groups. There has been a high incidence of people in
- Utah and southern Germany afflicted with Landouzy-Dejerine Muscular
- Dystrophy.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Landouzy-
- Dejerine Muscular Dystrophy. Comparisons may be useful for a differential
- diagnosis:
-
- Central Core Disease is an inherited muscular disorder characterized by
- weakness of muscles during childhood. The thigh and upper arm muscles are
- weak and soft, with diminished tone. The legs are usually most severely
- affected. This disorder does not progress and by about the age of six
- years, most children can walk. Central Core Disease is inherited as an
- autosomal dominant trait. (For more information on this disorder, choose
- "Central Core Disease" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Kugelberg-Welander Syndrome is a rare inherited disorder. Major symptoms
- may include wasting and weakness in the muscles of the arms and legs,
- twitching, clumsiness in walking, and eventually loss of reflexes. This
- disorder usually appears during the first ten to twenty years of life. (For
- more information on this disorder, choose "Kugelberg-Welander Syndrome" as
- your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Scapuloperoneal Myopathy is a genetic disorder characterized by a
- weakness and wasting of muscles. Symptoms are usually limited to the
- shoulder blade area (scapula) and the smaller of the two leg muscle groups
- below the knee (peroneal). Facial muscles may be affected in a few cases.
- The leg symptoms often appear before the shoulder muscles become weakened.
- Progression rates vary between cases. (For more information on this
- disorder, choose "Scapuloperoneal Myopathy" as your search term in the Rare
- Disease Database).
-
- Nemaline Myopathy is a hereditary muscular disease characterized by
- weakness and "floppiness" of skeletal muscles. This disorder is evident from
- birth. Thighs and upper arms are thin and extremely weak along with the
- muscles of the trunk. Muscle tone is very poor, the muscles are soft and the
- child seems "floppy". (For more information on this disorder, choose
- "Nemaline Myopathy" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Physical therapy may help prevent contractures in patients with Landouzy-
- Dejerine Muscular Dystrophy. Orthopedic devices may be helpful depending on
- the extent of the disability.
-
- Genetic counseling may be of benefit for patients and their families.
- Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Research on birth defects and their causes is ongoing. The National
- Institutes of Health (NIH) is sponsoring the Human Genome Project which is
- aimed at mapping every gene in the human body and learning why they sometimes
- malfunction. It is hoped that this new knowledge will lead to prevention and
- treatment of genetic disorders in the future.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- May 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Landouzy-Dejerine Muscular Dystrophy, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Muscular Dystrophy Association, National Office
- 3300 E. Sunrise Dr.
- Tucson, AZ 85718
- (602) 529-2000
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- Muscular Dystrophy Group of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Nattrass House
- 35 Macaulay Road
- London, England SW4 OQP
- 01-720-8055
-
- Society for Muscular Dystrophy International
- P.O. Box 479
- Bridgewater, Nova Scotia, Canada B4V 2X6
-
- For Genetic Information and Genetic Counseling Referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914)-428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 9th Ed.: Victor A. McKusick, Editor: Johns
- Hopkins University Press, 1990. Pp. 626-7.
-
- BIRTH DEFECTS ENCYCLOPEDIA, Mary Louise Buyse, M.D., Editor-In-Chief;
- Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1990. Pp. 1183-4.
-
- A CLINICALLY HOMOGENEOUS GROUP OF FAMILIES WITH FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL
- (LANDOUZY-DEJERINE) MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY: LINKAGE ANALYSIS OF SIX AUTOSOMES:
- S.J. Jacobsen, et al.; Am J Hum Genet (September, 1990, issue 47(3)). Pp.
- 376-88.
-
-