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- $Unique_ID{BRK03990}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Melnick-Needles Syndrome}
- $Subject{Melnick-Needles Syndrome MNS Melnick-Needles Osteodysplasty
- Osteodysplasty of Melnick and Needles Osteodysplasty Multiple Epiphyseal
- Dysplasia }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 650:
- Melnick-Needles Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Melnick-Needles
- Syndrome) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to
- find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- MNS
- Melnick-Needles Osteodysplasty
- Osteodysplasty of Melnick and Needles
- Osteodysplasty
-
- Information on the following disease can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Melnick-Needles Syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal
- bone development. Prominent eyes, an extremely small lower jaw, bowing of
- the bones in the arms and legs, and other bone abnormalities may occur.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Melnick-Needles patients have a particular facial appearance with prominent,
- widely-spaced eyes, full cheeks, small facial bones, and an unusually small
- lower jaw (micrognathia). The skull may be slow to develop. The way in which
- Melnick-Needles patients bring their teeth together (bite) may be abnormal.
-
- The upper arms and the last bones in the fingers (distal phalanges) may
- be shorter than normal. One of the short bones of the arm (radius) and of
- the leg (fibula) may be bowed. The distal (farthest from the body) ends of
- the long bone of the arm (humerus) and of the two short bones of the leg
- (tibia, fibula) may be flared. The connection between the long bone of the
- leg (femur) and the hip may be misaligned (coxa valga), producing an unusual
- walking pattern (gait).
-
- Melnick-Needles patients may also have a relatively small chest cavity
- (thoracic cage) with irregular ribbon-like ribs, a short collarbone
- (clavicle), and narrow shoulders. The lower part of their chest has a hollow
- shape (pectus excavatum). The vertebrae may be longer than normal. Part of
- the pelvis (ilium) may also be flared.
-
- Occasionally, dislocation of the hip may occur. Also, the tube that runs
- from the kidney to the bladder (ureter) may be abnormally narrow. This may
- lead to urine retention and kidney problems.
-
- Patients with Melnick-Needles Syndrome may develop osteoarthritis of the
- back and/or hip in later years. The shape of the pelvis in females may make
- normal childbirth difficult. Melnick-Needles patients may be unusually
- susceptible to respiratory infections. Height usually is not affected.
-
- Causes
-
- Confusion exists on the exact mode of inheritance of Melnick-Needles
- Syndrome. This disorder appears to be an X-linked dominant trait; however,
- autosomal recessive inheritance has also been suggested. Melnick-Needles
- Syndrome may also occur as a mutation without any family history of bone
- disease.
-
- Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of
- the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from the father
- and one from the mother.
-
- In X-linked dominant disorders the female with only one X chromosome
- affected will develop the disease. However, the affected male always has a
- more severe condition. Sometimes affected males die before birth so that
- only female patients survive.
-
- In recessive disorders, the condition does not appear unless a person
- inherits the same defective gene for the same trait from each parent. If one
- receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be a
- carrier for the disease, but usually will show no symptoms. The risk of
- transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of whom are
- carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty percent of
- their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above. Twenty-five
- percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one from each
- parent, and will be genetically normal.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Melnick-Needles Syndrome occurs at birth and affects more females than males.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorder can be similar to those of Melnick-Needles
- Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia is a hereditary bone disorder that affects
- females and males equally. It is detectable between two and five years of
- age with the appearance of a waddling gait. Patients may experience pain as
- a result of osteoarthritis in the joints. Body size tends to be almost
- normal, with the exception of the hands and feet which are disproportionately
- small.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Melnick-Needles Syndrome is symptomatic and supportive. Genetic
- counseling may be of benefit for patients and their families.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through April
- 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Melnick-Needles Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- International Center for Skeletal Dysplasia
- St. Joseph Hospital
- 7620 York Road
- Towson, MD 21204
- (301) 337-1250
-
- NIH/National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHHD)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5133
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- SMITH'S RECOGNIZABLE PATTERNS OF HUMAN MALFORMATION, 4th ed.: K.L. Jones;
- W.B. Saunders Company, 1988. Pp. 528-529.
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 7th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns
- Hopkins University Press, 1986. Pp. 1050, 1337.
-
- MELNICK-NEEDLES SYNDROME IN MALES: M. Krajewska-Walasek, et al.; Am J
- Med Genet (May, 1987: issue 27(1)). Pp. 153-158.
-
-