home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- $Unique_ID{BRK03766}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Gastroesophageal Reflux}
- $Subject{Gastroesophageal Reflux GER GERD Reflux Esophagitis Barrett Esophagus
- (Barrett Syndrome) Hiatus Hernia}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 668:
- Gastroesophageal Reflux
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Gastroesophageal
- Reflux) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to
- find the alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- GER
- GERD
- Reflux Esophagitis
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Barrett Esophagus (Barrett Syndrome)
- Hiatus Hernia
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Gastroesophageal Reflux is characterized by a flowing back (reflux) of
- stomach or small intestines (duodenum) acids or contents into the mouth, from
- the tube in the back of the mouth going to the stomach (esophagus) and
- sometimes the mouth. This condition is a common problem and may be a symptom
- of other gastrointestinal disorders.
-
- Symptoms
-
- The most common symptom of Gastroesophageal Reflux is a sensation of warmth
- or burning, rising up to the neck area (heartburn or pyrosis). It usually
- occurs at night. Vomiting (regurgitation) of stomach contents either into
- the mouth or choking on regurgitated material may occur. Patients may
- complain of wheezing at night, voice hoarseness, a need to clear the throat
- repeatedly, and a sensation of deep pressure at the base of the neck.
- Complications may include inflammation of the esophagus (esophagitis),
- contractions of the esophagus, and possibly ulceration of the esophagus.
- Inflammation of the esophagus may cause pain or difficulty upon swallowing.
- When the condition occurs frequently it can cause erosion of the wall of the
- esophagus (ulcer). Slowly bleeding esophageal ulcers may cause iron
- deficiency anemia. Esophageal ulcers often cause the same type of pain as a
- stomach (gastric) ulcers, but are usually localized and higher up in the
- digestive system. They heal slowly, tend to recur and usually leave a
- tightening (stricture) on healing.
-
- Patients who repeatedly abuse alcohol tend to develop the more erosive
- esophagitis with bleeding. If the patient stops drinking alcohol the ulcers
- usually heal. Some evidence suggests that Gastroesophageal Reflux can result
- in aspiration of regurgitated material into the lungs which may cause chronic
- bronchial disease.
-
- Causes
-
- Gastroesophageal Reflux is caused by an inappropriate relaxation of the
- sphincter in the esophagus or lack of pressure of the sphincter. This
- condition is often a symptom of other gastrointestinal disorders.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Gastroesophageal Reflux affects males and females in equal numbers. It is a
- very common condition.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of
- Gastroesophageal Reflux. Comparisons may be useful for a differential
- diagnosis:
-
- In Barrett Esophagus (also known as Barrett Syndrome), the lining of the
- esophagus appears to have undergone some changes that may be caused by
- frequent Gastroesophageal Reflux. The disorder can occur during childhood or
- later in life. About 10% of cases may involve malignant cells. (For more
- information on this disorder, choose "Barrett" as your search term in the
- Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Hiatal Hernia is a very common digestive disorder. Symptoms may include
- a flow back (reflux) of stomach contents into the esophagus (gastroesophageal
- reflux), pain and a burning sensation in the throat. The opening in the
- diaphragm becomes weakened and stretched, allowing a portion of the stomach
- to bulge through into the chest cavity. This disorder can easily be
- diagnosed by special GI testing by a radiologist.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Gastroesophageal Reflux may be tolerated for many years if it is
- uncomplicated and responds well to medical treatment. Management consist of
- elevating the head of the bed at least six inches during sleep, avoiding
- strong stimulants, such as coffee, avoiding certain nerve blocking drugs
- (anticholinergics), and no smoking. Specific foods such as chocolate, fats
- and spicy foods also tend to aggravate the symptoms.
-
- Drug therapy for GER may include: Antacids to reduce stomach acid;
- bethanechol can diminish gastroesophageal reflux; Cimetidine reduces acid
- secretion and improves heartburn; metoclopramide can increase the tone of the
- esophagus and prevent reflux; Cisapride restores the decreased sphincter
- tone and affects the movement of the intestines (peristalsis). Surgical
- treatment may be indicated in severe cases. Patients who have repeated
- episodes of GER should not rely solely on antacids and should consult a
- physician in order to avoid possible complications.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through April
- 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Gastroesophageal Reflux, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
- Box NDDIC
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 468-6344
-
- References
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown and
- Co., 1987. Pp. 5.
-
- CISAPRIDE RESTORES THE DECREASED LOWER OESOPHAGEAL SPINCTER PRESSURE IN
- REFLUX PATIENTS. P. Ceccatelli. GUT, (May, 1988, issue 29(5)). Pp. 631-5.
-
- ASPIRATION OF SOLID FOOD PARTICLES INTO LUNGS OF PATIENTS WITH
- GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX AND CHRONIC BRONCHIAL DISEASE. F.M. Crausaz, et al;
- Chest, (Feb., 1988, issue 93(2)). Pp. 376-8.
-
- THE PATHOGENESIS OF GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE. W.J. Dodds; AJR,
- (1988, (issue 151 (1)). Pp. 49-56.
-
- CHARACTERISTICS AND FREQUENCY OF TRANSIENT RELAXATIONS OF THE LOWER
- ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER IN PATIENTS WITH REFLUX ESOPHAGITIS. R.K. Mittal, et
- al.; Gastroenterology (Sep., 1988, issue 95(3)). Pp. 593-9.
-
- MECHANISMS OF LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPINCTER INCOMPETENCE IN PATIENTS WITH
- SYMPTOMATIC GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX. J. Dent, et al.; GUT (Aug., 1988, issue
- (29(8)). Pp. 1020-8.
-
-