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- $Unique_ID{BRK03706}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Encephalomyelitis, Myalgic}
- $Subject{Encephalomyelitis, Myalgic Epidemic Neuromyasthenia Iceland Disease
- Akureyri Disease Benign Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Epidemic Myalgic
- Encephalomyelitis Royal Free Disease Tapanui Flu Raphe Nucleus Encephalopathy
- Chronic Epstein-Barr Virus Infection Multiple Sclerosis Polymyalgia
- Rheumatica}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1988, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
- Inc.
-
- 416:
- Encephalomyelitis, Myalgic
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Myalgic Encephalomyelitis)
- is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next
- page to find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders
- covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Epidemic Neuromyasthenia
- Iceland Disease
- Akureyri Disease
- Benign Myalgic Encephalomyelitis
- Epidemic Myalgic Encephalomyelitis
- Royal Free Disease
- Tapanui Flu
- Raphe Nucleus Encephalopathy
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Chronic Epstein-Barr Virus Infection
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Polymyalgia Rheumatica
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Myalgic Encephalomyelitis is thought to be an infectious disorder
- affecting the central, peripheral and autonomic nervous systems and the
- muscles. Major symptoms may include general exhaustion, headache, muscle
- pain, weakness, and possible mental changes. The exact cause of this
- disorder is not known, but researchers believe a virus associated with an
- immune system abnormality may be responsible. Adults are most commonly
- affected, with more cases seen in females than in males. Epidemics of
- Myalgic Encephalomyelitis have occurred worldwide, but cases tend to appear
- sporadically. Symptoms can resolve in a few weeks but may recur at any
- time. Other cases may persist for many years.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Symptoms of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis are thought to include a preliminary
- stage consisting of headache, abnormal tiredness, sore throat, coughing,
- diarrhea or vomiting, a general feeling of ill health, and/or depression.
- This stage can last from one to three weeks. Pain in the neck, back, arms,
- legs or major joints, muscle tenderness and neck or back stiffness may
- initially occur as localized symptoms. A low fever or subnormal body
- temperature may develop. Symptoms such as unstable emotions, poor memory,
- depression, and difficulty in concentrating may be present. Unusual skin
- sensations, disease of the lymph nodes, liver enlargement, increased tendon
- reflexes, muscle twitching, sensory loss, abnormal foot muscle contraction,
- eye inflammations, mild vision disturbances, cranial nerve paralysis, urine
- retention and respiratory problems may also occur. Strenuous exercise or
- emotional stress may cause symptoms to become more severe. Nerve pain may
- subside after several days. Pain in the muscles and joints may persist
- and/or recur for months or years.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis is not known. Researchers
- believe the disorder may be caused by a viral infection in association with
- an immune system abnormality. Although the Epstein-Barr Virus is suspected
- to be implicated in this disorder, scientists have not yet proven a
- relationship between onset of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and the Epstein-Barr
- Virus.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Myalgic Encephalomyelitis appears to affect adults almost exclusively and it
- occurs more often in females than in males.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to Myalgic
- Encephalomyelitis. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Chronic Epstein-Barr Virus Infection is caused by the same virus that
- causes Infectious Mononucleosis. Although all individuals who become
- infected with EBV remain so for the rest of their lives, in most people, the
- virus becomes and stays inactive when the patient recovers from the initial
- bout of illness. In Chronic EBV infection (CEBV), however, the virus fails
- to become inactive or is periodically reactivated, so that the patient is
- chronically or recurrently ill. Medical researchers do not understand the
- reason for this. Both the nature and the severity of symptoms vary from
- patient to patient. CEBV can be debilitating, but is not necessarily so.
- (For more information on Chronic Epstein-Barr Virus Infection, choose "CEBV"
- as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disorder of the central nervous
- system which may be progressive, relapsing and remitting, or stable. This
- disorder is characterized by lesions that may form randomly throughout the
- brain and spinal cord. These lesions may prevent proper transmission of
- nerve signals and thus result in a variety of neurological symptoms.
- Mobility may be impaired and other symptoms such as vision difficulties,
- speech impairment, abnormal skin sensations and bowel and/or bladder control
- problems may occur. The exact cause of MS is not known, although researchers
- believe it may be caused by either an immune system abnormality, or a virus
- triggered early in life. (For more information on Multiple Sclerosis, choose
- "MS" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Polymyalgia Rheumatica is a disorder characterized by pain and stiffness
- in certain muscle groups without causing permanent weakness or atrophy.
- Symptoms appear quickly and may be most severe in the mornings. Mobility may
- become impaired after long periods of sitting still. Pain on both sides of
- the body may develop, and symptoms such as fever, loss of appetite, fatigue,
- weight loss and depression may occur. Despite severe pain, the muscles may
- not show any abnormality upon examination. A form of anemia may also be
- present in some patients. (For more information on Polymyalgia Rheumatica,
- choose "Polymyalgia Rheumatica" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis may be delayed by the difficulty in
- diagnosing the disorder. A standard electrophoresis test may identify
- abnormalities of the immune system common to most patients with Myalgic
- Encephalomyelitis. A complete physical examination is also recommended.
- Specific treatment may be aimed at controlling symptoms. Antidepressant
- drugs may help eliminate depression. Digestive system problems may be
- alleviated with the drug metoclopramide. Headaches may be relieved by the
- drug pizotifen and severe muscle aches by the drug carbamazepine. Some
- patients may possibly benefit from Vitamin B-12 injections. Specialists such
- as virologists, neurologists, and specialists in infectious diseases may be
- able to help in some cases.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Research is underway to determine if a Coxsackie B virus associated with
- stress and amino acid (tryptophan) deficiencies may be implicated in onset of
- Myalgic Encephalomyelitis. When the disorder is better understood,
- scientists may be able to determine a better course of treatment or possibly
- some method of prevention.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- September 1988. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information on this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- American Encephalomyelitis Society
- 494 Meadow Lane
- Gulph Mills, PA 19406
- (215) 688-3832
-
- Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Association
- The Moss
- 3rd Avenue Stanford-Le-Hope
- Essex SS17 8EL
- England
-
- NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infections Diseases (NIAID)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5717
-
- Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
- 1600 Clifton Road, NE
- Atlanta, GA 30333
- (404) 639-3534
-
- Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Society
- P.O. Box 230108
- Portland, OR 97223
- (503) 684-5261
-
- National Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Association
- 12106 East 54th Terrace
- Kansas City, MO 64133
-
- References
-
- EPIDEMIOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO 'EPIDEMIC NEUROMYASTHENIA': SYNDROMES OF
- UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY (EPIDEMIC MYALGIC ENCEPHALOPATHIES): M. Thomas; Postgrad
- Med J (November 1978, issue 54(637)). Pp. 768-770.
-
- RAPHE NUCLEUS ENCEPHALOPATHY (MYALGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS, EPIDEMIC
- NEUROMYASTHENIA: C.P. Maurizi; Med Hypotheses (April 1985, issue 16(4)).
- Pp. 351-354.
-
-