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- $Unique_ID{BRK03702}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Encephalitis, Herpetic}
- $Subject{Encephalitis Herpetic Herpes Encephalitis Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
- Herpetic Meningoencephalitis Herpetic Brainstem Encephalitis Meningitis}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1989, 1990, 1991 National Organization for Rare
- Disorders, Inc.
-
- 376:
- Encephalitis, Herpetic
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Herpetic Encephalitis) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next
- page to find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders
- covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Herpes Encephalitis
- Herpes Simplex Encephalitis
- Herpetic Meningoencephalitis
- Herpetic Brainstem Encephalitis
-
- Information on the following disease can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Meningitis
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Encephalitis is a central nervous system infection. Herpetic
- Encephalitis is caused by a virus known as Herpes Simplex Virus. Primary
- symptoms include headache, drowsiness, hyperactivity and/or general weakness.
- This disorder may have some similar symptoms to Meningitis such as a stiff
- neck, altered reflexes, confusion, possible paralysis and/or speech
- disorders. Skin lesions usually are not found.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Herpes Encephalitis usually begins without warning. Headaches and possible
- seizures are the primary symptoms. Drowsiness with general weakness,
- hyperactivity or psychotic behavior may then occur. Some symptoms of Herpes
- Encephalitis may mimic Meningitis. These may include a stiff neck, altered
- reflexes, confusion, speech disorders, possible convulsions and paralysis.
- In more serious cases, patients may become comatose.
-
- Causes
-
- Herpes Encephalitis is a sporadic viral infection caused by a complication of
- the Herpes Simplex Virus. Herpes Simplex Infection is an acute viral disease
- usually spread from person to person. It is marked by small fluid-filled
- blisters appearing on the lips or genitals often accompanied by fever.
- Precipitating factors may include the common cold, emotional disturbances,
- sunburn or skin abrasions. This virus may become immediately active, or stay
- in the body for some time in a latent state, after which it may reactivate.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Herpes Encephalitis usually occurs during early childhood or adulthood. It
- affects males and females in equal numbers.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- There are many types of human and animal encephalitis. These differ in
- causes, parts of the body affected, degree of severity and areas of the world
- where they occur. The symptoms of these disorders may also overlap with or
- resemble other infectious disorders. Basically, encephalitis is an infection
- that causes inflammation of the brain.
-
- Meningitis involves inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain
- and spinal cord. There are many types of Meningitis, caused by many
- different infectious agents. The infection can range from mild to severe.
- Meningitis may also accompany other infections such as Herpes Encephalitis.
-
- Another drug being used to treat Herpes Encephalitis is Zovirax
- (aciclovir). It is manufactured by Burroughs-Wellcome.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- In some cases, early treatment of Herpes Encephalitis with the antiviral drug
- vidarabine may provide dramatic improvement. It may also help to prevent
- recurrences of the disorder. However, this drug may not benefit patients in
- advanced stages of the infection. Antiviral therapy should be started as
- soon as a Herpes simplex encephalitis is suspected. Usually, this therapy
- will not interfere with diagnostic procedures to identify other suspected
- disorders.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Medical researchers are investigating use of several new antiviral drugs to
- treat Herpes Encephalitis. The use of these drugs is still under
- investigation to determine long-term effectiveness and possible side effects.
-
- Clinical trials are being conducted on the experimental drug Arabinosyl
- adenine (Ara-A) for treatment of Herpes Encephalitis. This drug has not been
- officially designated an Orphan Drug by the Food and Drug Administration
- (FDA) because the manufacturer/developer has not yet applied for financial
- incentives under the Orphan Drug Act. For additional information, physicians
- can contact:
-
- Ives Laboratories
- Professional Service
- P.O. Box 8299
- Philadelphia, PA 19101
-
- The drug PR-225 (Redox Acyclovir), manufactured by Pharmatec Inc., has
- received new orphan drug designation by the FDA for treatment of Herpes
- Simplex Encephalitis in AIDS patients.
-
- For information on additional therapies that have been designated as
- Orphan Drugs in the last few months, please return to the main menu of NORD
- Services and access the Orphan Drug Database.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- November 1991. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Herpes Encephalitis, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5717
-
- Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
- 1600 Clifton Road, NE
- Atlanta, GA 30333
- (404) 639-3534
-
- NIH/National Institute of Neurological Disorders & Stroke (NINDS)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5751
- (800) 352-9424
-
- References
-
- HERPETIC ENCEPHALITIS: PROGNOSTIC ELEMENTS IN ADULTS AND CHILDREN (49 CASES):
- A. Foucher, et. al.; Rev Electroencephalogr Neurophysiol Clin (Sept. 1985,
- issue 15(2)). Pp. 185-193.
-
- OCULAR INFECTION WITH HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 1: PREVENTION OF ACUTE
- HERPETIC ENCEPHALITIS BY SYSTEMIC ADMINISTRATION OF VIRUS-SPECIFIC ANTIBODY:
- W.B. Taylor, et al.; J Infect Dis (October 1979, issue 140(4)). Pp. 534-540.
-
-