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- $Unique_ID{BRK03644}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Cysticercosis}
- $Subject{Cysticercosis}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 171:
- Cysticercosis
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Cysticercosis is a complication of severe tapeworm infections acquired by
- eating uncooked pork. The disorder is caused by larval pork tapeworms. The
- scientific name for this parasite is Taenia solium. Cysticerci are immature
- tapeworms which normally live in the muscle (meat) of swine. When they
- develop instead in human muscle and die, they can cause severe inflammatory
- reactions. Cysticercosis is a rare disorder in the United States, Western
- Europe, Japan and in non-pork eating cultures.
-
- Symptoms
-
- In Cysticercosis, heavy infection with larval pork tapeworms, or cysticerci,
- is characterized by muscle pains, fever, and weakness. Although the
- cysticerci usually restrict themselves to muscle and subcutaneous tissues,
- they may occasionally invade the central nervous system where they can cause
- epilepsy or inflammation of the brain and its covering membranes. Other
- organs occasionally involved are the eye, heart and lung. Ocular
- manifestations include inflammation of the various structures of the eye and
- detachment or hemorrhaging of the retina.
-
- As long as these larvae remain alive, they appear to be able to
- "disguise" themselves from the host's immune system causing only mild
- symptoms. When one of them dies, however, there is a strong immune defensive
- reaction against it or the cyst surrounding it. The cyst itself may become
- enormous. Such inflammatory reactions can cause severe illness, particularly
- if the cysticercus is lodged in the central nervous system or lung.
-
- Causes
-
- Cysticercosis results from eating inadequately cooked pork containing
- tapeworm eggs. The normal life cycle of pork tapeworms is as follows: the
- pig ingests tapeworm eggs (released through the stool from adult tapeworms
- living in the intestine of a human host). In the pig's intestine, the eggs
- hatch and burrow through the gut wall into muscle tissue. There they encyst
- and develop into larvae called cysticerci. When the pig is killed and its
- meat eaten by a person, the cysticerci are released and attach themselves to
- the wall of the intestine where they develop into egg producing adult
- tapeworms.
-
- When an individual ingests tapeworm eggs (rather than the larvae), these
- also find their way into the muscle, subcutaneous tissue, etc. But because
- humans are not normally eaten, the eggs remain in these tissues indefinitely,
- unable to proceed to the next stage of their life cycle. Thus, they may
- eventually die causing the severe inflammatory reactions described above.
-
- Cysticercosis can also develop if regular tapeworm infections are treated
- carelessly. Killing the adult tapeworms pharmaceutically causes them to
- release large numbers of eggs into the intestine and some of these may enter
- the intestinal wall as described above.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Pork tapeworm infections, and therefore Cysticercosis, are common only in
- Asia, Russia, Eastern Europe, and Latin America.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Tapeworms can be acquired from various uncooked meats, including beef and
- fish, but only pork tapeworms appear to produce larvae capable of invading
- human muscle and forming cysts.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Thoroughly cooking pork before eating it prevents infection with pork
- tapeworm. Special care must be taken when cooking pork in microwave ovens to
- assure the meat is well cooked. Established tapeworms can be eliminated
- using antiparasitic medications such as niclosamide or paronomycin. As
- described above, care must be taken to avoid the release of large quantities
- of eggs from the dying tapeworms as this may cause Cysticercosis. Large
- cysts containing cysticerci are usually removed surgically.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- September 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Cysticercosis, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Centers for Disease Control (CDC)
- 1600 Clifton Road, NE
- Atlanta, GA 30333
- (404) 639-3534
-
- NIH/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5717
-
- References
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Eds.: W. B. Saunders Co., 1988. P. 1892.
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL 15th ed: R. Berkow, et al: eds; Merck, Sharp & Dohme
- Research Laboratories, 1987. P. 229.
-
-