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- $Unique_ID{BRK03643}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Cystic Hygroma}
- $Subject{Cystic Hygroma Cystic Lymphangioma Fetal Cystic Hygroma FCH Familial
- Nuchal Bleb Hygroma Colli Cavernous Lymphangioma Turner Syndrome}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 631:
- Cystic Hygroma
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of this article (Cystic Hygroma) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM list to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Cystic Lymphangioma
- Fetal Cystic Hygroma
- FCH
- Familial Nuchal Bleb
- Hygroma Colli
-
- Information on the following disorders can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Cavernous Lymphangioma
-
- The following disorder can be associated with Cystic Hygroma:
-
- Turner Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources" section
- of this report.
-
- Cystic Hygroma is an inborn tumor in the lymph system that may be
- inherited through autosomal recessive genes. This progressive disorder is
- characterized by a large sac filled with lymph fluid protruding from the
- skull at the nape of the neck. The Hygroma is thought to be caused by a
- failure of the lymph system to properly connect with the blood vessels in the
- neck and thus with the blood circulation system.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Cystic Hygroma is characterized by a sac resembling a bag of water usually at
- the nape of the neck. This sac grows under the skin and is filled with lymph
- fluid and lymph cells. The sac is thin-walled and compressible, and it grows
- rapidly upward toward the ear, or down toward the underarm area. More
- rarely, it may originate in the area under the arm, in the groin, the rear of
- the abdominal cavity, in the chest wall, the hip or tailbone region.
- Surgical or drug treatment usually keeps the tumor from growing very large.
- It may, however, become progressive, causing excessive fluids to accumulate
- throughout the body tissues (hydrops).
-
- Causes
-
- Cystic Hygroma is thought to be inherited through autosomal recessive genes.
- (Human traits, including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of the
- interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from the father and
- one from the mother. In recessive disorders, the condition does not appear
- unless a person inherits the same defective gene for the same trait from each
- parent. If a person receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease,
- he or she will be a carrier for the disease, but usually will show no
- symptoms. The risk of transmitting the disease to the children of a couple,
- both of whom are carriers for a recessive disorder, is 25 percent. Fifty
- percent of their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above.
- Twenty-five percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one
- from each parent, and will be genetically normal.)
-
- Symptoms of Cystic Hygroma arise from failure of the lymph system to be
- properly connected with the blood circulation system.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Cystic Hygroma may be present at birth or it can begin during early
- childhood. This disorder affects males and females in equal numbers.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Cystic
- Hygroma. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Cavernous Lymphangioma (Lymphangioma Cavernosum) is the most common tumor
- of the lymph vessels, occurring at birth or during early childhood. Tumors
- consist of groups of deep-seated, gray, yellowish pink sacs of 1 to 5 mm in
- diameter, filled with lymph fluid and lymph cells. The tumors usually appear
- in the skin of the arms, underarm and shoulder area, but they may also appear
- on the mouth, throat, tongue, eyelids and around the eyeball, in the groin or
- upper thigh. Cavernous Lymphangioma is a slow-growing tumor. The skin over
- the sacs may become overgrown. (For more information on this disorder,
- choose "Cavernous Lymphangioma" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database.)
-
- The following disorder may be associated with Cystic Hygroma:
-
- Turner Syndrome is a rare genetic disorder affecting females which is
- characterized by lack of sexual development and an XO chromosome pattern in
- tissue cells. Small stature, possible mental retardation, heart defects and
- various other inborn abnormalities, sometimes including a cystic hygroma in
- the neck, also occur. (For more information, choose "Turner" as your search
- term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Cystic Hygroma can be detected during pregnancy through ultrasonography and
- testing for a greatly elevated level of alpha-1-fetoprotein in the water sac
- surrounding the unborn fetus. Treatment of Cystic Hygroma may include
- surgery and/or the drug bleomycin in a microsphere-in-oil emulsion. However,
- the hygroma may recur after treatment.
-
- Genetic counseling can be helpful for families of patients with Cystic
- Hygroma.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- December 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Cystic Hygroma, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- National Lymphatic & Venous Diseases Association
- Cambridge Medical Supply
- 218 Monsignor O'Brien Highway
- Cambridge, MA 02141
-
- Cystic Hygroma & Lymphangioma Support Group
- Villa Fontane, Church Road
- Worth, Crawley, Sussex
- RH10 4RT ENGLAND
-
- American Cancer Society
- 1599 Clifton Rd., NE
- Atlanta, GA 30329
- (404) 320-3333
-
- NIH/National Cancer Institute
- 9000 Rockville Pike, Bldg. 31, Rm. 1A2A
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- 1-800-4-CANCER
-
- The National Cancer Institute has developed PDQ (Physician Data Query), a
- computerized database designed to give the public, cancer patients and
- families, and health professionals quick and easy access to many types of
- information vital to patients with this and many other types of cancer. To
- gain access to this service, call:
- Cancer Information Service (CIS)
- 1-800-4-CANCER
- In Washington, DC and suburbs in Maryland and Virginia, 636-5700
- In Alaska, 1-800-638-6070
- In Oahu, Hawaii, (808) 524-1234 (Neighbor islands call collect)
-
- For genetic information and genetic counseling referrals, please contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- FETAL CYSTIC HYGROMA COLLI: ANTENATAL DIAGNOSIS, SIGNIFICANCE, AND
- MANAGEMENT: A.S. Garden, et al.; American Journal Obstet Gynecol (February
- 1986: issue 154(2)). Pp. 221-225.
-
- TREATMENT OF CYSTIC HYGROMA AND LYMPHANGIOMA WITH THE USE OF BLEOMYCIN
- FAT EMULSION: N. Tanigawa, et al.; Cancer (August 15, 1987: issue 60(4)).
- Pp. 741-749.
-
- FETAL CYSTIC HYGROMA AND TURNER'S SYNDROME: R.F. Carr, et al.; American
- Journal Diseases Children (June 1986: issue 140(6)). June 1986: issue
- 140(6)). An Journal Diseases Children ME: Pp. 580-583.
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 7th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns
- Hopkins University Press, 1986. P. 1170.
-
-