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$Unique_ID{BRK03540}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome}
$Subject{Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome BOR Syndrome Branchiootic Syndrome
Branchio-oto-renal Dysplasia Melnick-Fraser Syndrome Branchio-Oculo-Facial
Syndrome Branchio-Oto-Ureteral Syndrome Deafness-Malformed Low-Set Ears}
$Volume{}
$Log{}
Copyright (C) 1992 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
881:
Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome
** IMPORTANT **
It is possible that the main title of the article (Branchio-Oto-Renal
Syndrome) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to
find the alternate name and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
Synonyms
BOR Syndrome
Branchiootic Syndrome
Branchio-oto-renal Dysplasia
Melnick-Fraser Syndrome
Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
Disorders section of this report:
Branchio-Oculo-Facial Syndrome
Branchio-Oto-Ureteral Syndrome
Deafness-Malformed, Low-Set Ears
General Discussion
** REMINDER **
The Information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
section of this report.
Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome is a rare disorder inherited through an
autosomal dominant trait. This disorder is characterized by pits or ear tags
in front of the outer ear, abnormal passages from the throat to the outside
surface of the neck (branchial fistulas), branchial cysts, hearing loss
and/or abnormal development of the kidneys.
Symptoms
The majority of patients with Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome have some type of
hearing loss. The hearing loss may be due to nerve damage (sensory),
blockage of sound waves (conductive), or both. The degree of hearing loss
varies from mild to severe. Other abnormalities related to the ear may be:
pits or outgrowths of cartilage (tags) in front of the outer ear; a cupped or
small outer ear; and/or a narrow or upward slanted outer ear canal.
An inborn, abnormal passage from the throat to the outside surface of the
neck (branchial fistula), and/or an opening, cyst, or mass in the tonsil area
is often present.
Kidney abnormalities are found in approximately 66% of the patients with
Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome. These abnormalities range from mild to very
severe. In milder cases, the kidney may be unusually shaped. In more severe
cases there may be duplication of the collecting system of the kidneys and/or
absence or failure of one or both of the kidneys to form.
Other abnormalities that have been found in association with Branchio-
Oto-Renal Syndrome are: narrowing of the tear duct in the eyes; a long
narrow face; cleft palate; paralysis of certain muscles in the face; and/or a
deep overbite.
Causes
Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome is inherited through an autosomal dominant trait.
Human traits, including the classic genetic diseases, are the product of the
interaction of two genes, one received from the father and one from the
mother. In dominant disorders a single copy of the disease gene (received
from either the mother or father) will be expressed "dominating" the other
normal gene and resulting in the appearance of the disease. The risk of
transmitting the disorder from affected parent to offspring is fifty percent
for each pregnancy regardless of the sex of the resulting child.)
Affected Population
Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome affects males and females in equal numbers. It
is estimated that 1 in 40,000 people are afflicted with this disorder. The
occurrence of BOR Syndrome is approximately 2 percent of the profoundly deaf.
Related Disorders
Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Branchio-Oto-
Renal Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
Branchio-Oculo-Facial Syndrome is a rare disorder inherited through an
autosomal dominant trait. Major symptoms may include abnormal sinuses,
growth retardation, premature aging and an unusual facial appearance. Other
features of this disorder may be: low birth weight; premature aging and
graying of the hair; a highly arched palate; abnormalities of the teeth;
and/or cysts under the skin of the scalp. (For more information on this
disorder, choose "Branchio-Oculo-Facial " as your search term in the Rare
Disease Database).
Branchio-Oto-Ureteral Syndrome is a rare disorder that is thought to be
inherited through an autosomal dominant trait with variable expression. The
main characteristics are ear and kidney abnormalities. The outer ear may
have pits, outgrowths of tissue (tags), be cone shaped or smaller than
normal. The tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the bladder may be out
of position or duplicated, and the kidney collecting system may be split in
two.
Deafness-Malformed, Low-Set Ears is a rare disorder that is inherited
through an autosomal recessive trait. Malformed external ears and hearing
loss caused by blocked sound waves (conductive hearing loss) are the two
major symptoms. All males with this disorder have failure of one or both
testes to descend normally (cryptorchidism). Approximately half of the
patients with Deafness-Malformed, Low-Set Ears also have mental retardation.
Therapies: Standard
Patients with Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome may benefit from hearing aids.
When structural defects of the ear are present, surgery may be beneficial.
Severe kidney problems may warrant surgery or kidney transplantation.
Genetic counseling may be of benefit for patients and their families.
Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
Therapies: Investigational
Research on birth defects and their cause is ongoing. The National
Institutes of Health (NIH) is sponsoring the Human Genome Project which is
aimed at mapping every gene in the human body and learning why they sometimes
malfunction. It is hoped that this new knowledge will lead to prevention and
treatment of birth defects in the future.
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
April 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
current information about this disorder.
Resources
For more information on Branchio-Oto-Renal Syndrome, please contact:
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
P.O. Box 8923
New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
(203) 746-6518
American Society for Deaf Children
814 Thayer Avenue
Silver Springs, MD 20910
(301) 585-5400 Voice/TTY
National Kidney Foundation
2 Park Avenue
New York, NY 10016
(212) 889-2210
(800) 622-9010
American Kidney Fund
6110 Executive Blvd., Suite 1010
Rockville, MD 20852
(301) 881-3052
(800) 638-8299
(800) 492-8361 (MD)
NIH/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
9000 Rockville Pike
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 496-3585
For Genetic Information and Genetic Counseling Referrals:
March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
White Plains, NY 10605
(914) 428-7100
Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
Chevy Chase, MD 20815
(800) 336-GENE
(301) 652-5553
References
MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 9th Ed.: Victor A. McKusick, Editor: Johns
Hopkins University Press, 1990. Pp. 147.
SMITH'S RECOGNIZABLE PATTERNS OF HUMAN MALFORMATION, 4th Ed.: Kenneth L.
Jones, M.D., Editor; W.B. Saunders Co., 1988. P. 206.
BIRTH DEFECTS ENCYCLOPEDIA, Mary Louise Buyse, M.D., Editor-In-Chief;
Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1990. Pp. 243-44.
THE BRANCHIO-OTO-RENAL SYNDROME (REPORT OF TWO FAMILY GROUPS): M
Raspino. et al.; J Laryngol Otol (February 1988, issue 102(2)). Pp. 138-41.
THE BRANCHIO-OTO-RENAL (BOR) SYNDROME: REPORT OF BILATERAL RENAL
AGENESIS IN THREE SIBS: R Carmi, et al.; Am J Med Genet (April 1983, issue
14(4)). Pp. 625-7.
FREQUENCY OF THE BRANCHIO-OTO-RENAL (BOR) SYNDROME IN CHILDREN WITH
PROFOUND HEARING LOSS: F.C. Fraser, et al.; Am J Med Genet (1980, issue
7(3)). Pp. 341-9.
GENETIC ASPECTS OF THE BOR SYNDROME -- BRANCHIAL FISTULAS, EAR PITS,
HEARING LOSS AND RENAL ANOMALIES: Am J Med (1978, issue 2(3)). Pp. 241-52.