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1994-01-17
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$Unique_ID{BRK03532}
$Pretitle{}
$Title{Blue Diaper Syndrome}
$Subject{Blue Diaper Syndrome Drummond's Syndrome Hypercalcemia
Nephrocalcinosis Indicanuria Syndrome}
$Volume{}
$Log{}
Copyright (C) 1986, 1987, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
Inc.
164:
Blue Diaper Syndrome
** IMPORTANT **
It is possible that the main title of the article (Blue Diaper Syndrome)
is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
Synonyms
Drummond's Syndrome
Hypercalcemia, Nephrocalcinosis, and Indicanuria Syndrome
General Discussion
** REMINDER **
The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
section of this report.
Blue Diaper Syndrome is a hereditary metabolic disorder characterized by
digestive problems, fever, general ill health, bluish urine, and visual
difficulties. Occasionally, kidney disease may eventually develop.
Symptoms
Blue Diaper Syndrome is first detected in infants whose urine stains their
diapers blue. They tend to be irritable and grow poorly. Digestive symptoms
may include constipation, poor appetite and vomiting. Infections and fevers
are frequent. The child has poor vision due to various eye abnormalities.
Because blood levels of calcium are increased, nephrocalcinosis, or the
precipitation of calcium in the renal tubules, develops in the kidneys.
After several years this may lead to kidney failure.
Causes
Blue Diaper Syndrome is hereditary, with an autosomal recessive mode of
transmission. (Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the
product of the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from
the father and one from the mother. In recessive disorders, the condition
does not appear unless a person inherits the same defective gene from each
parent. If one receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the
person will be a carrier for the disease, but usually will show no symptoms.
The risk of transmitting the disease to the children of a couple, both of
whom are carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five percent. Fifty
percent of their children will be carriers, but healthy as described above.
Twenty-five percent of their children will receive both normal genes, one
from each parent and will be genetically normal.)
The biochemical nature of the defect remains a mystery, but there seems
to be a defect in the absorption of the amino acid tryptophan (a protein
building block) in the intestine. Bacteria living in the large intestine
convert the leftover tryptophan into indican and related derivatives, and it
is these substances that color the diapers blue.
Therapies: Standard
Calcium intake should be relatively low for patients with Blue Diaper
Syndrome to prevent kidney damage. Destruction of gut bacteria with
antibiotics and administration of nicotinic acid may be beneficial.
Therapies: Investigational
This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
May 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
current information about this disorder.
Resources
For more information on Blue Diaper Syndrome, please contact:
National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
P.O. Box 8923
New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
(203) 746-6518
The National Kidney Foundation
2 Park Ave.
New York, NY 10016
(212) 889-2210
(800) 622-9010
American Kidney Fund
6110 Executive Blvd., Suite 1010
Rockville, MD 20852
(301) 881-3052
(800) 638-8299
(800) 492-8361 (MD)
National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
Box NDDIC
Bethesda, MD 20892
(301) 468-6344
Research Trust for Metabolic Diseases in Children
Golden Gates Lodge, Weston Rd.
Crewe CW1 1XN, England
Telephone: (0270) 250244
For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
contact:
March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
White Plains, NY 10605
(914) 428-7100
Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
Chevy Chase, MD 20815
(800) 336-GENE
(301) 652-5553
References
MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 8th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
University Press, 1986. P. 841.