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- $Unique_ID{BRK03417}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Acne}
- $Subject{Acne Acne Vulgaris Cystic Acne Acne Conglobata Acne Fulminans
- Excoriated Acne of Young Women Acne Excorie Des Jeunes Filles Chloracne
- Atypical Acneiform Eruptions Acne Rosacea}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 818:
- Acne
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Acne) is not the name
- you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the alternate names
- and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Acne Vulgaris
- Cystic Acne
-
- Information on the following disorders can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Acne Conglobata
- Acne Fulminans
- Excoriated Acne of Young Women (Acne Excorie Des Jeunes Filles)
- Chloracne
- Atypical Acneiform Eruptions
- Acne Rosacea
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Acne is a common skin disorder. Acne Vulgaris, the most common form of
- acne, affects many adolescents during puberty. The skin eruptions primarily
- appear on the face, upper back and/or chest due to overactive oil-secreting
- (sebaceous) glands. Hormone changes during puberty activate the oil-
- secreting glands.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Characteristics of acne include blackheads and/or whiteheads (comedones).
- Sometimes more severe skin lesions appear such as papules, pustules and cysts
- which develop on the face, and sometimes on the neck, shoulders, upper back
- and/or chest.
-
- Whiteheads (comedones) are plugs of oil (sebum) and dead skin cells
- caused by clogged skin pores that block oil (sebum) and prevent it from
- flowing freely to the surface of the skin. Blackheads (open comedones) occur
- when the plug reaches the surface of the skin where it turns black when
- exposed to air. Whiteheads (closed comedones) begin under the surface of the
- skin and either turn into blackheads or lead to inflammation. Inflammation
- causes small elevated growths (papules), some containing dead skin cells and
- inflammatory fluid (pustules). Cystic Acne is a severe form of acne in which
- small fluid-filled cysts develop in the skin.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of acne is unknown. A contributing factor to acne in
- adolescents is overactive oil-secreting sebaceous glands which are related to
- changes in activity of hormones. Other possible factors may be heredity,
- emotional stress, oil-based moisturizers and cosmetics. Most doctors now
- believe that acne is not related to personal hygiene or diet, although some
- still recommend staying away from peanut butter, fried foods, chocolate, and
- other foods that are greasy or have a high sugar content even though there is
- no evidence that diet is related to acne.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Acne is extremely common, affecting many adolescents during puberty. Four
- out of five teenagers develop acne at some point. Most cases of acne last
- only a few years. Some cases last for just a few weeks or months, others can
- last for many years.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- The following disorders are subtypes of acne:
-
- Acne Conglobata may occur alone, or may be part of a symptom complex in
- conjunction with Hidradenitis Suppurativa and connective tissue inflammation
- (cellulitis) of the scalp. Skin lesions from Acne Conglobata usually occur
- on the neck and upper back or chest, but may spread to the upper arms, lower
- back, buttocks, and thighs. The typical acne skin eruptions are present, but
- symptoms are chronic with abscesses and circumscribed tissue masses
- (nodules). Cysts also develop. The cysts contain foul-smelling fluid, and
- severe scarring often occurs. Although this form of acne resists treatment
- with ordinary antibiotics, symptoms may be controlled by the use of the drug
- Accutane (isotretinoin) in some cases.
-
- Acne Fulminans is a rarer form of acne which occurs most often in
- adolescent males. Mild Acne Vulgaris initially develops but it is
- unexpectedly followed by markedly inflamed and painful lesions on the upper
- back and/or chest and occasionally the face. Lesions may bleed and/or crust,
- and may be accompanied by fever and other systemic abnormalities. Treatment
- with isotretinoin, with or without corticosteroid drugs and antibiotics, can
- be effective in most cases.
-
- Excoriated Acne of Young Women (Acne Excorie Des Jeunes Filles) is a type
- of acne caused by inflicted rubbing or scratching of skin eruptions resulting
- in increased scarring. Although it is often found among young women, it can
- be found in any age group and both sexes.
-
- Chloracne may develop among workers exposed to chlorinated hydrocarbons.
- Treatment of the skin lesions should be accompanied by removal of the
- irritating substance from the environment.
-
- Atypical Acneiform Eruptions are seen in any age group and are not always
- limited to oil-secreting (sebaceous) glands. These eruptions may appear as a
- result of corticosteroid, androgen, or progesterone drug therapy.
- Occupational problems such as skin contact with machine oils, especially
- insoluble cutting oils, may also cause this type of acne. Eating iodine or
- bromine salts, and drugs such as diphenylhydantoin (phenytoin) and lithium,
- can induce this skin condition.
-
- Acne Rosacea is limited to the nose, cheeks and forehead, typically
- beginning during adulthood. The facial skin, especially the nose, becomes
- oily, reddened and bumpy. Small red blood vessels are visible. In extreme
- cases, the nose may appear very red and bulbous. (For more information on
- this disorder, choose "acne rosacea" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of acne includes gently washing affected areas two to three times a
- day with medicated soap, shampooing as necessary, and if necessary treatment
- with benzoyl peroxide products which can be purchased in any pharmacy without
- prescriptions. It is important to keep affected areas free from oil. Water-
- based rather than oil-based moisturizers and cosmetics are recommended.
-
- For more serious cases of acne, physicians or dermatologists can help.
- Tretinoin (which contains vitamin A acid), or antibiotics such as
- clindamycin, erythromycin, minocycline, or tetracycline are often prescribed.
- In severe cases that are resistant to antibiotics, Accutane (isotretinoin)
- may be prescribed. However, this drug can cause severe birth defects if
- taken by a pregnant woman, so women of child-bearing age should use
- contraceptives while taking Accutane.
-
- If scarring from acne occurs, dermabrasion (professional skin planing)
- may be of cosmetic benefit to the patient once the acne has subsided.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Research on skin disorders is moving forward at a rapid pace. A better
- understanding of the skin and its components is necessary for development of
- new treatments for acne. For information about skin research, contact the
- National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Disorders
- Clearinghouse listed in the Resources section of this report.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- November 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to
- keep every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and
- accurate. Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for
- the most current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on acne, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Acne Research Institute
- 1236 Somerset Lane
- Newport Beach, CA 92260
- (914) 722-1805
-
- The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
- Information Clearinghouse
- Box AMS
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 495-4484
-
- References
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th Ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Editors; W.B. Saunders Co., 1988. Pp. 2332-2333.
-
- THE COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS COMPLETE HOME
- MEDICAL GUIDE: Donald F. Tapley, M.D., et al., eds; Crown Publishers, Inc.,
- 1985. Pp. 246, 626-628.
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown
- and Co., 1987. Pp. 1379-1380.
-
- WORLD BOOK MEDICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA: Erich E. Brueschke, M.D., et al., eds;
- World Book, Inc., 1988. Pp. 12-13.
-
-