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- $Unique_ID{BRK03409}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Acanthosis Nigricans}
- $Subject{Acanthosis Nigricans Keratosis Nigricans Miescher's Syndrome, also
- known as Benign Acanthosis Nigricans or Benign Keratosis Nigricans
- Pseudoacanthosis Nigricans Gougerot-Carteaud Syndrome, also known as Confluent
- Reticular Papillomatosis Malignant Acanthosis or Keratosis Nigricans}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1986, 1989, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders,
- Inc.
-
- 115:
- Acanthosis Nigricans
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Acanthosis Nigricans)
- is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Keratosis Nigricans
-
- DISORDER SUBDIVISIONS:
-
- Miescher's Syndrome, also known as Benign Acanthosis Nigricans or Benign
- Keratosis Nigricans
- Pseudoacanthosis Nigricans
- Gougerot-Carteaud Syndrome, also known as Confluent Reticular
- Papillomatosis
- Malignant Acanthosis or Keratosis Nigricans
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section.
-
-
- Acanthosis nigricans is a dermatological disorder characterized by grey
- or black darkening and thickening of the skin. It is often associated with
- cancer or obesity, but benign hereditary forms also exist.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Small blackish and thickened patches result from excessive accumulation of
- melanin in the basal layer of the skin in Acanthosis Nigricans. Small warts,
- freckles, dry areas, and other small malformations occur on and between the
- lesions, which may become velvety in texture. Without treatment, the lesions
- tend to progress, except in the hereditary form, where they may become more
- numerous during adolescence, only to regress after puberty. The skin may
- become hairless, and the fingernails may deteriorate.
-
- Lesions usually occur symmetrically in such areas as the underarms, neck,
- face, backs of hands, forearms, between the breasts, groin, inner thighs,
- genitals, buttocks, around the anus, and sometimes the mucous membranes of
- the mouth, anus, etc.
-
- Acanthosis nigricans occurs in four forms including:
-
- 1. An inherited benign form known as Miescher's syndrome
- 2. A form prevalent in young adult females called
- Gougerot-Carteaud syndrome, which may also be hereditary
- 3. A form associated with obesity or endocrine disorders,
- called pseudo-acanthosis nigricans
- 4. An adult form almost always associated with visceral cancer.
-
- In all but the adult form, the lesions eventually stop multiplying and
- regress. In adult forms related to cancer, the lesions' progress,
- paralleling that of the underlying malignancy.
-
- Causes
-
- The causes of Acanthosis Nigricans seem to vary, and are poorly understood.
-
- Miescher's syndrome appears to be inherited by an autosomal dominant
- mechanism. (Human traits including the classic genetic diseases, are the
- product of the interaction of two genes for that condition, one received from
- the father and one from the mother. In dominant disorders, a single copy of
- the disease gene (received from either the mother or father) will be
- expressed "dominating" the normal gene and resulting in appearance of the
- disease. The risk of transmitting the disorder from affected parent to
- offspring is 50% for each pregnancy regardless of the sex of the resulting
- child.)
-
- Pseudoacanthosis nigricans occurs with such endocrine disorders as
- pituitary adenoma, Addison's disease, diabetes mellitus, and disorders of the
- ovaries such as Stein-Leventhal syndrome. It is also seen in cases of
- obesity. The adult form usually coexists with carcinomas of the stomach or
- various abdominal organs. Occasionally, it occurs with breast or lung
- cancers.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Lesions associated with obesity usually regress as weight is lost and any
- thyroid imbalances are corrected. Similarly, Acanthosis Nigricans associated
- with cancer regresses with remission or cure of the underlying disease.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- January 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Acanthosis Nigricans, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Information
- Clearinghouse
- Box AMS
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 495-4484
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
- contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 8th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1986. P. 4.
-
- CECIL TEXTBOOK OF MEDICINE, 18th ed.: James B. Wyngaarden, and Lloyd H.
- Smith, Jr., Eds.: W. B. Saunders Co., 1988. P. 1112.
-
-