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- $Unique_ID{BRK02158}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Tests Performed on Cerebrospinal Fluid}
- $Subject{Tests Cerebrospinal Fluid spinal tap cord diseases meningitis lumbar
- puncture membranes brain spinal cord bacteria fungi viruses Gram Stain
- bacteria counterimmunoelectrophoresis fungal India-Ink prep acid fast strain
- tubercular phase-contrast microscopy amebic headache nausea vomiting stiff
- neck chills fever}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{
- Anatomy of the Spinal Cord*0006801.scf}
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- Copyright (c) 1993 Tribune Media Services, Inc.
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- Tests Performed on Cerebrospinal Fluid
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- QUESTION: I know that doctors take fluid from the spinal cord when they do a
- spinal tap. I need to know just what diseases are suspected when doctors do
- tests with this fluid? Can you tell me about the tests?
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- ANSWER: Some very deadly forms of meningitis can be diagnosed with lab tests
- using "cerebrospinal" fluid. This is the fluid that is drawn from the spinal
- cord when your doctor performs a procedure known as a "lumbar puncture"
- (spinal tap). With meningitis, every second counts, therefore it is
- imperative when the disease is suspected, that the doctor immediately obtain a
- sufficient amount of fluid so tests may be started promptly.
- Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and
- spinal cord. The inflammation can be caused by a wide variety of organisms,
- including bacteria, fungi and viruses.
- A test called the Gram Stain is considered one of the most reliable ways
- of discovering whether there are bacteria in the cerebrospinal fluid. In this
- procedure, the fluid is placed on a slide and then stained with a combination
- of dyes that make the bacteria visible under the microscope. If a doctor
- suspected meningitis and began treatment before the diagnosis was confirmed,
- then determining that the patient really does have bacterial meningitis
- becomes more difficult, since many bacteria may have already been destroyed
- and are more difficult to find. The physician may turn then to a CIE test, or
- counterimmunoelectrophoresis test. The CIE test is very sensitive. It works
- by detecting bacterial antigens when there aren't enough bacteria in
- cerebrospinal fluid to culture. The CIE test requires a good deal of
- equipment and a highly experienced lab technician, because false positives can
- result from technical problems.
- When fungal meningitis is suspected, a test called the India-Ink prep is
- performed. An acid fast strain is used for suspected tubercular meningitis
- and something called phase-contrast microscopy is used for possible amebic
- meningitis. As I already indicated, the most important concern with
- meningitis is to begin treatment as quickly as possible. It is well to know
- the first signs of this serious disease; severe headache accompanied by
- nausea, vomiting, a stiff neck, chills and fever. If meningitis is suspected,
- immediate medical attention is a must.
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- The material contained here is "FOR INFORMATION ONLY" and should not replace
- the counsel and advice of your personal physician. Promptly consulting your
- doctor is the best path to a quick and successful resolution of any medical
- problem.
-