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- $Unique_ID{BRK01878}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{What are Antioxidants?}
- $Subject{antioxidant Antioxidants vitamin vitamins health healthy nutrition
- nutritional atom atoms nucleus electron electrons central body molecule
- molecules compound oxidize oxidizes oxidized tissue tissues metabolism
- chemical form formed forming damage damaged destroyed cigarette cigarettes
- smoke smoking sunlight toxic radiation enzyme enzymes beta-carotene A E C
- symptom symptoms lessen lessened prevent prevented cataract cataracts
- rheumatoid arthritis cancer cancers heart sperm disease diseases free radical
- radicals free-radical free-radicals}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (c) 1993 Tribune Media Services, Inc.
-
-
- What are Antioxidants?
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-
- QUESTION: I have been reading a lot about some new vitamins called
- "Antioxidants". There is scarcely a column on health and nutrition that
- doesn't mention them, yet no one has taken the trouble to explain what they do
- in words an ordinary person can understand. Is this too much to ask? Or is
- the subject so complicated that nobody knows what they are talking about? I
- bet you could do it if you set your mind to it. Please?
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- ANSWER: The recent discoveries about this hitherto unsuspected action of some
- vitamins has literally captured the attention and imagination of many
- nutritional writers. They are not "new" vitamins, but in truth old friends.
- And because it is a bit complicated, only a few words of explanation of the
- actions of antioxidants are contained in the stories that tell you how much
- good they might do for you. I'll try to explain in as simple a manner as
- possible, even though some of my more learned colleagues may catch me taking a
- short cut or two for the sake of clarity.
- All atoms contain a nucleus and electrons that circulate around the
- central body. Atoms connect to each other to form molecules by sharing or
- exchanging their electrons. For example, water is formed by 3 atoms, one
- hydrogen and two oxygen. The electrons they share are locked into a stable
- compound, difficult to break down. However, in some compounds, there is a
- "free radical", an electron that is not held firmly in the compound, and so is
- "free" to break away and attach to another compound or body tissue. You may
- wish to liken it to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) that contains one more oxygen
- atom than water does. This is a common preparation that is used to help clean
- wounds, for the extra oxygen readily bubbles up when the liquid comes in
- contact with a wound, and carries some of the dirt and debris out of the
- abrasion or laceration. Consider those bubbles of oxygen to be very similar
- to the free radicals in the body. When they combine with normal tissues, they
- oxidize some of the chemicals that form the tissue, a little like oxygen
- turning iron to rust (or iron oxide). And just as rust does not possess the
- strength of iron, oxidized tissues lose their strength, or their ability to
- function, as they are damaged by the oxidation process.
- Free radicals are formed as the result of everyday metabolism in the
- body, as it converts foods to useful chemical molecules the body requires for
- energy and rebuilding. But there are also free radicals formed by tissue
- damage (for example from excess sunlight), cigarette smoke, toxic substances
- in the environment, and radiation. And the body does possess a number of
- defenses against free radicals, but they may be overwhelmed in times of
- stress, or as we grow older and antioxidant enzyme activity decreases.
- Enter our newly discovered champions, vitamins that can capture these
- free radicals before they attach to vital tissues, reducing the damage they
- can do. Amongst the most studied vitamins are beta-carotene (a form of
- Vitamin A), Vitamin E, and Vitamin C. Though all are classified now as
- "antioxidants," they operate at different levels, removing the free radicals
- as they are produced by the different chemical reactions that are constantly
- occurring in the body. Thus a combination of antioxidants can provide
- protection that a single vitamin is unable to deliver.
- Some of the conditions whose symptoms may be lessened or prevented
- include cataracts, rheumatoid arthritis, cancers, and heart disease, and
- antioxidants may also help to preserve the vitality of human sperm. The
- delight in this story is that good nutrition may be a method of preventing
- disease, and that is the best medicine of all.
-
- ----------------
-
- The material contained here is "FOR INFORMATION ONLY" and should not replace
- the counsel and advice of your personal physician. Promptly consulting your
- doctor is the best path to a quick and successful resolution of any medical
- problem.
-