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- $Unique_ID{BRK01875}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{How Bacteria Resist Antibiotics}
- $Subject{Bacteria bacterial Resist antibiotic Antibiotics immune reproduce
- mutate mutation mutations change changes DNA gene genes resistant resistance
- infection infectious disease diseases cell cells germ germs}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
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- Copyright (c) 1993 Tribune Media Services, Inc.
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- How Bacteria Resist Antibiotics
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- QUESTION: Though I am a bit on in years, I find that reading about the world
- of science is still stimulating and that I continue to enjoy learning new
- facts. Your column is a rich source of valuable information. Would you
- please explain how bacteria know how to change themselves to become immune to
- the antibiotics that are now used to combat infection? I think this is
- fascinating, but just don't understand it.
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- ANSWER: Great question! And it is filled with some of the misconceptions
- that popular scientific writing often inspire. To start, bacteria know
- nothing. Not in the sense of conscious thought that permits a decision and a
- change of tactics. As single cell creatures, they are incapable of "knowing".
- But since they reproduce so rapidly (a new generation every 1/2 hour), and
- exist in such huge numbers, mutations (changes in the makeup of the
- chromosomes) occur much more rapidly than in higher animals. If a new
- mutation helps develop a resistance to an antibiotic, that bacteria will
- survive, pass the genes on to the next generation, and produce a whole new
- strain of resistant (not "immune") bacteria. These new strains possess new
- chemical structures that defeat the strategy used by current antibiotics,
- which permit the germ to continue despite the presence of high levels of
- antibiotic. When new germs do develop, they can produce new infectious
- diseases. Then it is the turn of the scientists, who must develop new
- chemical formulas to overcome these new resistant strains.
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- The material contained here is "FOR INFORMATION ONLY" and should not replace
- the counsel and advice of your personal physician. Promptly consulting your
- doctor is the best path to a quick and successful resolution of any medical
- problem.
-