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- $Unique_ID{BRK00070}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Cancer of the Prostrate: Causes and Treatments}
- $Subject{prostate cancer rectal Genitourinary System neoplasm neoplasms
- malignancy older rectal examination lump pelvis lower spine urination
- dribbling constipation urinary tract carcinoma cancers radiation therapy
- impotent potent age aging old}
- $Volume{J-15, B-15}
- $Log{
- Anatomy of the Male Productive System*0006001.scf
- Cancer of the Prostrate*0007601.scf}
-
- Copyright (c) 1991-92,1993 Tribune Media Services, Inc.
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- Cancer of the Prostrate: Causes and Treatments
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- QUESTION: I'm worried about cancer of the prostrate. Please explain its
- causes and treatments.
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-
- ANSWER: Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy found in older men.
- Usually it is first discovered during a rectal examination as a nonsymptom
- producing lump or swelling in the prostate gland. The nodule is most often
- small (less than 2 cm in diameter), hard, irregular in shape, and
- self-contained. Other indicators of prostate cancer are unexplained bone pain
- in the pelvis and lower spine, and bladder problems such as painful urination,
- dribbling, and straining to void, which might indicate an obstruction.
- While the exact cause of this type of malignancy remains a mystery, the
- predictable way it progresses helps the physician make an accurate and quick
- diagnosis so that proper treatment can begin. Blood tests, a needle biopsy,
- x-rays of the kidneys and the urinary tract, and computerized ultrasound
- pictures (CT scans) of the lower abdomen to see if the lymph nodes are
- involved are useful components of a complete workup that may be performed to
- define what stage the carcinoma is in. These stages range from (A) diseased
- tissue with no lumps to (B) lesions confined to the prostate capsule to (C)
- tumors which cover the outside of the capsule, and finally (D) disease which
- spreads to other body parts.
- Treatment varies according to the severity of the condition and other
- factors such as patient's age (young men tend to develop fast growing
- cancers), desire to remain sexually potent, and other medical problems that
- may exist. For instance, early stage A cancers are without symptoms and are
- discovered when tissue removed during operations for enlarged prostates
- considered benign, are examined under the microscope. No further treatment
- may be necessary, unless the patient is under 55, and the cancer cells seem
- advanced, in which case radiation therapy is suggested. Stages B and C
- require either a complete surgical removal of the prostate gland or intensive
- radiation therapy, which reaps a similar result. The symptoms of stage D
- (advanced) disease can be lessened with hormone therapy as well as surgery.
- Though the manner and timing of such therapy remains controversial, its goal
- is to reduce symptoms and make the patient more comfortable.
- New advances in treatment are being developed every day. For example, a
- new surgical technique called a subcapsular prostatectomy (or partial removal
- of the prostate gland) seems to be successful in halting some cancers without
- causing the patient to become impotent. Unfortunately, long-term results are
- not yet known.
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- The material contained here is "FOR INFORMATION ONLY" and should not replace
- the counsel and advice of your personal physician. Promptly consulting your
- doctor is the best path to a quick and successful resolution of any medical
- problem.
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