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- $Title{Fractures}
-
- A Medical Times Patient Education Chart
- (C) Romaine Pierson Publishers, Inc.
-
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Fractures
-
- A fracture is a break in a bone, and may occur in any bone including the
- skull. Fractures are usually caused by traumatic injuries but they may also
- occur without injury in bone that has been weakened by disease. The various
- kinds of fractures have the following designations:
- - Complete--The bone is broken all the way across.
- - Incomplete--The break goes only partly through the bone; they occur very
- rarely and almost always in children (see greenstick fracture).
- - Greenstick--An incomplete fracture in which one side of the bone is
- broken and the other side is bent. This fracture most often occurs in the
- bones of young children which, like green sticks, are quite flexible.
- - Buckle--An incomplete fracture in which the bone is compressed or
- buckled. Like the greenstick, this fracture usually occurs only in the
- pliable bones of children.
- - Simple or closed--The skin surrounding the fracture has not been injured.
- - Compound or open--Bone fragments have pierced the skin resulting in an
- open wound.
- - Comminuted--The bone is fractured into more than two pieces.
- - Pathologic--A fracture which occurs from a mild stress in an area of bone
- that has been weakened by disease.
- As people age, their bones lose mineral substance and become more
- fragile. Because of this weakening, fractures may occur more easily in the
- bones of older people.
- The treatment of fractures will vary greatly depending upon the age of
- the patient, which bone is fractured, and the severity of the injury. Some
- fractures may require no treatment. Some require only an external plaster
- cast. More serious fractures may require that the bones be pulled into
- alignment and held with traction, and some may require direct repair with
- metal pins, nails, screws, or plates. In extreme cases, a portion of the bone
- may have to be replaced with an artificial section made out of plastic or
- metal.
-