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MANUAL.4
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1989-10-07
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__________________________________________
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| Section 4: ALIGNMENT AND JUSTIFICATION |
|__________________________________________|
CONTENTS
4.1 Line Breaks
4.2 Justification
4.3 Justifying Fill
4.1 LINE BREAKS
When processing text, the Publisher automatically inserts line breaks,
where required, to fit the text within the column width specified by the
user. The following tags may be used to insert a "hard" line break,
that is, an instruction to end the current line and begin a new one,
even if the column width has not been reached.
<QD> Quad: Ends line, and justifies it using currently prescribed "rag
setting" (justification scheme)
<QC> Quad Centre: Ends line, and centre-justifies it
<QJ> Quad Justify: Ends line, and justifies it left and right
<QL> Quad Left: Ends line, and left-justifies it
<QR> Quad Right: Ends line, and right-justifies it
<Z> Zero Film Advance (at next line break, starts new line on same
baseline as current line, i.e. overprints current line)
<QZ> Quad Zero: Short form for the tag sequence <Z><QL>
4.2 JUSTIFICATION
"Justification" refers to the horizontal positioning of the lines
within the column. In general, a full line of text with standard
letter spacing and word spacing, will be somewhat shorter than the
prescribed column width, and may be horizontally positioned in several
ways, known as forms of justification, which may be selected using the
following tags.
<RR> Rag Right: Left justification only (right margin is ragged)
<XR> Cancel Rag: Left and Right justification, also called "full
justification" (neither margin is ragged)
<RL> Rag Left: Right justification only (left margin is ragged)
<RC> Rag Centre: Centre justification (lines are centred without length
adjustment, both left and right margins are ragged)
"Aesthetic Rag" is a sophisticated form of left and right justification,
in which the text is left-justified, but limits are imposed on the
degree to which lines can be extended to make them reach the right-hand
edge of the column, so that the word and letter spacing appears more
natural. The right-hand margin of aesthetic rag text is not perfectly
straight, but is smoother than that of ragged right text. Aesthetic Rag
only applies to lines which would otherwise be fully justified (that is,
both left and right justified.)
<aesthetic_rag= > 1: Enable Aesthetic Rag 0: Disable Aesthetic Rag
<aesthetic_zone=f> set the "aesthetic zone" parameter = f, where f is a
number between 0 and 1, such as 0.75.
This parameter controls the effect of aesthetic rag. The smaller f is,
the more ragged the right margin will be. f=0 is like ordinary rag
right; f=1 is like ordinary full justification.
4.3 JUSTIFYING FILL
It is sometimes desirable (particularly in tabular presentations and the
like) to extend a line to full column width by inserting fill characters
at suitable locations, instead of adding or extending blank spaces, as
in normal full justification. The publisher will perform justifying fill
automatically, using the fill character and width (spacing) specified by
the tag
<leader char=n width=w> where n iis the ASCII code or pi number of the
desired fill character), and w is the space between fill
characters in em-widths.
EXAMPLE: <leader char=45 width=0.75> specifies the fill character as a
hyphen `-', on .75 of an em-space.
If no character or width is specified, the Publisher will use a period
`.' on an en-width. This combination is commonly called an en-leader.
Justifying Fill is invoked by inserting the tag <JF> at one or more
locations in the line. The extra space (distance) required to fully
justify the line will be divided equally among the occurances of <JF>,
and will be represented in the printed text by a row of the designated
fill character, spaced as specified.
EXAMPLE: the line
This is<JF>a demonstration<JF>of justifying fill.<QJ>
will appear in print as
This is...............a demonstration...............of justifying fill.