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Graph for Fortran v2.0 Graph plotting on dot matrix printers ======================================= ******************************************************************** SHAREWARE NOTICE Copyright (C) D.I. Hoyer, 1990. ================== If you find these Fortran subroutines useful, please register by sending US$30-00 or Aus$40-00 to the address below :- David I Hoyer 31 Rossian Place Cherrybrook NSW 2120 AUSTRALIA This subroutine library is a shareware product. Copies of the original unmodified programs and manual on disk may be made and distributed, as long as they are not charged for. You may not modify the source code or manual except for your personal use. Registrants will receive a free update. ******************************************************************* No responsibility is accepted for any errors in this software, or for any loss or damage resulting from using it. ******************************************************************* Page 2 C O N T E N T S ================= Page Shareware notice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. Description of disk contents . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Some quick demonstrations . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4. Using GRAPH to plot graphs from a data file . . . . . 6 a) Plotting the demo graphs supplied . . . . . . . 6 b) Plotting your own graphs . . . . . . . . . 6 c) Data file specifications for GRAPH.for . . . . . 7 5. Using the GRAPHLIB subroutines to get your own . . . . 8 programs to plot graphs 6. Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 a) Graph size & Memory . . . . . . . . . . . 9 b) Function parameters . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Appendix A. Definition of Fortran names used . . . . . . 10 Appendix B. Symbols and line types. . . . . . . . . . 12 Appendix C. Sample list of standard user-defined functions . 13 Appendix D. A sample data file for use with GRAPH . . . . 16 Page 3 Graph plotting on dot matrix printers ======================================= 1. Introduction ================= Print out this manual by typing: copy graph.doc prn This collection of Fortran subroutines will make it simple for you to plot high quality scientific and engineering graphs on dot matrix printers which have the ability to print graphics. These subroutines can easily be incorporated into any Fortran program, so that your own programs can automatically print high resolution graphs as part of the program output. Also included is a sample main program to illustrate the use of the subroutines. This sample program works as a stand-alone graph plotter for plotting graphs from a data file. So, as an alternative to incorporating the graph plotting subroutines into your own programs, you could instead get your program to simply write a suitable data file to disk for plotting out later, using the sample main program supplied (GRAPH.for). Some of the features available are : * high or low resolution options, * graph can be plotted vertically or horizontally on the page, * linear or logarithmic axes, with labelling of axes, * overlaying grid lines on the graph, in various line styles, * drawing lines in different styles (solid, dotted etc.), * plotting points, with a large range of symbols to choose from, * joining points with straight lines or a cubic spline, * plotting user-defined functions, * passing a list of parameters to the user-defined functions, * placing text of different sizes and orientations on the graph, * clearing an area of the graph, with optional border * automatic generation of legend tables to describe each curve. Read through this manual and print out all the demonstration graphs before using the programs for your own applications. That way you will be more familiar with the capabilities of the programs. Page 4 2. Description of disk contents ================================= Your disk should contain the following files :- BROWSE .exe Program for browsing through documents & manuals. BROWSE .hlp Help file used by browse.exe README .doc Text document with a description of the overall use of the programs, plus a brief description of each file. GRF .bat Sample batch file for executing GRAPH with a data file. GRAPH .doc User's manual. GRAPH .for Sample main program for plotting graphs on dot matrix printers, from data files. GRAPHLIB.for Subroutine library of graph plotting procedures for plotting on dot matrix printers. GRAPHFNS.for Function segment containing user-defined functions. GRAPH .nnn Sample data files to use with GRF.bat (nnn is a number 001 to 999) :- GRAPH.001 General graph demo (vertical and Hi-res). GRAPH.002 Same as .001, but horizontal and Lo-res format. GRAPH.003 Graph of several standard functions. GRAPH.004 Demo of text, graph symbols and line styles. Page 5 3. Some quick demonstrations ============================== For a quick and easy demonstration of some of the graph plotting capabilities of the programs follow the steps listed below. You need a Fortran 77 compiler to compile the program. The Fortran programs should be usable on any computer which has a Fortran 77 compiler and a suitable dot matrix printer, though this section assumes you are using an MS-Dos or PC-Dos operating system (for the GRF.bat batch file). The graphs should print correctly on printers such as the IBM Proprinter, and most Epson and Star dot matrix printers. If you have a different printer, try this procedure first. If the graph does not print correctly then you will have to modify subroutine PRTGRF in disk file GRAPHLIB.for. If you have less than 310 kBytes of available RAM, you may have to change the DIMENSION statement in the sample main program GRAPH.for; and you may not have enough memory to print some the demonstration graphs. To print out GRAPH.001: ----------------------- a) Insert the disk containing the GRAPH programs into the default disk drive, or if you have a hard disk then copy them to the hard disk. b) Compile the program GRAPH.for using your Fortran 77 compiler. An executable file called GRAPH.exe should be created by the compiler. c) Make sure the dot matrix printer is connected and switched on. d) At the Dos command line type : grf 001 e) Wait a minute or two while the graph is 'plotted' in the computer's memory, after which it will be directed to the printer and printed in high resolution. The above procedure uses the supplied batch file GRF.bat to print out the graph defined in the demonstration file GRAPH.001. Several other graph demonstration files are supplied on disk; these are named GRAPH.nnn, where nnn is a number. Just type grf nnn to print graph GRAPH.nnn (assuming that you have already compiled the sample main program GRAPH.for). Page 6 4. Using GRAPH to plot graphs from a data file ================================================ The simplest way to plot graphs on a dot matrix printer is to create a data file, and use the GRF.bat batch file to execute it. Remember to compile the GRAPH.for program before you try to execute it, using a Fortran 77 compiler (as described in Section 3). The data file can be created using a word processor in non- document mode, or it can be written by one of your own programs as a simple ASCII data file. If you know how to program in Fortran it should be a simple matter to tailor GRAPH.for to your own requirements if necessary. A graph data file is created for input to the program. The program then 'plots' the graph in memory, as a matrix of points, before directing it to the printer. The maximum size graph which can be plotted from the program GRAPH.for is 20 x 25 cm, but this can easily be changed by changing the DIMENSION statement in GRAPH.for. The program is rather memory intensive - for example the 20 x 25 cm size requires at least 310 kBytes of RAM for Hi-res plotting (though only about 80 kBytes for Lo-res). a) Plotting the demo graphs supplied -------------------------------------- To get started, try plotting some or all of the demonstration graphs supplied with the programs after you have compiled the program GRAPH.for with your Fortran 77 compiler. The demo graphs are named GRAPH.nnn, where the nnn refers to a number from 000 to 999. For example, to plot the graph described by file GRAPH.001, type : grf 001 Make sure the printer is switched on. The graph will be 'plotted' in memory first, which could take a minute or two, before being directed to the printer. Repeat this for all the graph demos, so that you will have an idea of the capabilities of the subroutines. b) Plotting your own graphs ----------------------------- To plot you own graphs from program GRAPH you will need to create data files similar to the demo files described above. Have a look at some of the demo files, and you will see that they are simply lists of numbers and text. These provide the program with information on the size and style of the graph, and the data to be plotted. The program GRAPH.for reads the data file, and passes the appropriate parameters to the subroutines which do the plotting. It has been written very simply, to make it easy for you to re-write to your own requirements if you need to. As a result, the data file is expected to be in a rigid format, so if you are going to use the original GRAPH.for program, your data file must conform to the specifications given in (c) below. Page 7 c) Data file specifications for GRAPH.for : -------------------------------------------- The data file to be read by the supplied sample main program GRAPH.for must conform to the specifications listed below. A detailed discussion of the demonstration data file GRAPH.001 is given in Appendix D. You can always re-write the main program to put the data entry into a more convenient form for your own applications. If you plan to use GRAPH.for for plotting your own graphs then the data file you write must conform to the following specifications:- 1. Maximum 80 characters per line (standard Fortran input). 2. All numbers must be within fields of width 10 columns. 3. Text occupies rest of line to column 80. 4. If more than 8 numbers are required, use as many lines as necessary. (eg. for entering more than 8 function parameters) The names used are defined in Appendix A. Once you have read through them, most of them will be self-explanatory. line 1 : igrprt, xl, yl, glabel. {print axes, x & y-axis lengths, heading} line 2 : xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax. {min & max values for plotting} line 3 : ndivx, nsdivx, ndpx, xlabel. {x-axis specs, divisions & label} (ndivx = 0 for log. scales) line 4 : ndivy, nsdivy, ndpy, ylabel. {y-axis specs, divisions & label} (ndivy = 0 for log. scales) line 5 : ivh, lohi, ioff, igrid, nsets, legpos. {graph style & data sets} For each of the NSETS sets of data add the following lines... line a : npts, ltyp, mark, msize, legend. line b : if npts>0 [Plot a series of npts data points] enter --- x, y (1 line for each data pair) if npts=0 [Plot user-defined function number ifn] enter --- 1st line: ifn, nparms, x1, x2 2nd line: p(i) for i=1 to nparms if npts=-1 [ Write a text string starting at (x,y) ] [ (x,y) defines the centre of upper case X ] enter --- 1st line: iori, itxsiz, x, y 2nd line: strng if npts=-2 [ Clear a rectangular area of the graph ] [ (x1,y1)=top left, (x2,y2)=bottom right ] enter --- 1st line: x1, y1, x2, y2 Page 8 5. Using the GRAPHLIB subroutines to plot graphs from your own programs ======================================================================== It is a simple matter to get your own Fortran programs to print graphs on dot matrix printers which have plotting facilities. Read through sections 3 and 4 first to get an idea of how the sample main program works. For you own program you simply need to assign values to the variables described in the above section (ie. the variables which are read from a data file in the sample main program supplied). You also need to DIMENSION the arrays IGRAPH and P in your main program according to the maximum size graph you will be printing out, and the maximum number of parameters to be passed to the user- defined functions. Details are in the source code file GRAPH.for. If you want to add your own user-defined functions, you can do this by modifying the file GRAPHFNS.for. Then your program calls the following subroutines : PREP(... to prepare axis sizes, scaling factors, and other details. AXES(... to plot axes for the graph (optional). PLOTD(...for each set of data to be plotted. A 'set of data' is defined as a string of text, a user-defined function plotted between specified values on the x- axis, or a set of data points (which may be connected by a line or smooth curve). If your program is to plot more than one graph, remember to clear the previous graph before starting to plot the next one, using :- CLRGRF(... Finally, you will also need to include the subroutine library and function segment with the statements: INCLUDE 'GRAPHLIB.for' INCLUDE 'GRAPHFNS.for' For more advanced programming or plotting, you may want to call some of the other subroutines in the library, or you may want to modify them for your personal use. The subroutines should have sufficient comment lines to enable you to do this if you are reasonably familiar with programming in Fortran. Page 9 6. Limitations ================ a) Graph size & Memory ------------------------ The size of graph which you can plot is limited only by the paper size on your printer, and the amount of memory (RAM) available in your computer. The maximum size is set by the DIMENSION statement for array IGRAPH in the main program. For a graph of 20 x 25 cm (8" x 10"), about 310 kBytes of RAM is required for Hi-res, and about 80 kB for Lo-res. If the x- or y-axis lengths specified are too long for the DIMENSION'ed size of IGRAPH, the program will terminate with an error. b) Function parameters ------------------------ The maximum number of parameters which can be passed to the user-defined functions in FUNCTION FGRAPH is specified by the DIMENSION of array P() in the main program. Page 10 Appendix A. Definition of Fortran names used ============================================== glabel = Graph heading. igrprt = 1 to print axes, 0 to suppress printing of axes. ifn = Function number (pre-compiled in GRAPHFNS.for) to plot if npts=0. igrid = 0 to print axes without grid lines, 1 to n for grid lines of type ltyp (try igrid=2). ioff = Offset. This is the number of blank spaces printed between the left margin and the graph on the page, so that the horizontal position can be set. iori = Orientation for text plotting. 1=normal, 2=vertical bott-top, 3=upside down, 4=top-bott. itxsiz = Size of text to be plotted (2 = normal). ivh = 1 for vertical (portrait) printout, 2 for horizontal (landscape). legend = Text to describe each data set in the legend table. Blank to omit this data set from the legend table. legpos = Position of legend table. [default = 1] 1=top left, to 4=top right, 5=bottom left, to 8=bottom right. lohi = 1 for low-resolution plot (plots at 4x speed), 2 for hi-res (much higher quality). Hi-res is 120 dots per inch (dpi) across, by 144 dpi down, printed as interleaved rows 1/144" apart. Lo-res is 60 by 72 dpi. ltyp = Line type for joining points, 1-5. (see table in Appendix B). mark = Symbol to be plotted at each point. 1 to 12 for special symbols, 32 to 126 for ASCII character. (see table in Appendix B). msize = Size of mark (1,2,3,...). Try 2 or 3 to start. ndivx = Number of main divisions along x-axis. Axis values are printed between main divisions. Set ndivx = 0 to specify logarithmic x-axis scale. ndivy = Number of main divisions along y-axis. Axis values are printed between main divisions. Set ndivy = 0 to specify logarithmic y-axis scale. ndpx = Number of decimal places to be printed after decimal point, for x-axis values. Ignored for log. scales. Page 11 ndpy = Number of decimal places to be printed after decimal point, for y-axis values. Ignored for log. scales. nparms = Number of parameters to be passed to function ifn. npts = Number of data points for this plot. Set npts = 0 to plot a function curve, = -1 to indicate plotting a string of text. = -2 to indicate clearing an area of the graph. nsdivx = Number of secondary divisions along x-axis (between main divisions). Set nsdivx = 1 or 9 for log scales. nsdivy = Number of secondary divisions along y-axis (between other divisions). Set nsdivy = 1 or 9 for log scales. nsets = Number of sets of data to be plotted. A set of data is defined here as a string of text, a user-defined function, or a set of points. p(i) = Up to 20 parameters to be passed to function ifn. The maximum number of parameters can be changed by modifying the DIMENSION statement for P() in the main program segment. strng = A string of text to be printed on the graph. x1,x2 = Start and end values of x for plotting function ifn. xl = Length of x-axis, cm. xlabel = x-axis heading. xmin,xmax = Minimum & maximum x values to define edges of plotting area. yl = Length of y-axis, cm. ylabel = y-axis heading. ymin,ymax = Minimum & maximum y values to define edges of plotting area. Page 12 Appendix B. Symbols and line types ==================================== When a set of data points is to be plotted, a symbol from Table B1 is plotted at the position of each point. When points are to be joined with lines, the type of line specified by ltyp is shown below in Table B2. The symbols and lines can best be seen by printing out the demonstration graph GRAPH.004 (see sections 3 and 4 for how to do this). Table B1 : Symbols Table B2 : Line Types (approx) -------------------- -------------------------------- mark:- ltyp:- 1 = point 1 = continuous line 2 = open octagon 2 = ................. 3 = filled " 3 = . . . . . . . . . 4 = open square 4 = - - - - - - - - - 5 = filled " 5 = -- . -- . -- . -- 6 = open triangle 7 = filled " 8 = cross 9 = plus 10 = star 11 = open diamond 12 = filled " 32 to 126 = point plus ASCII character, defined below: ASCII Characters ================== 50 2 70 F 90 Z 110 n 51 3 71 G 91 [ 111 o 32 52 4 72 H 92 \ 112 p 33 ! 53 5 73 I 93 ] 113 q 34 " 54 6 74 J 94 ^ 114 r 35 # 55 7 75 K 95 _ 115 s 36 $ 56 8 76 L 96 ` 116 t 37 % 57 9 77 M 97 a 117 u 38 & 58 : 78 N 98 b 118 v 39 ' 59 ; 79 O 99 c 119 w 40 ( 60 < 80 P 100 d 120 x 41 ) 61 = 81 Q 101 e 121 y 42 * 62 > 82 R 102 f 122 z 43 + 63 ? 83 S 103 g 123 { 44 , 64 @ 84 T 104 h 124 | 45 - 65 A 85 U 105 i 125 } 46 . 66 B 86 V 106 j 126 ~ 47 / 67 C 87 W 107 k 48 0 68 D 88 X 108 l 49 1 69 E 89 Y 109 m Page 13 Appendix C. Sample list of standard user-defined functions ============================================================ You can plot any continuous function f(x) by calling one of the functions defined in FUNCTION FGRAPH(..., supplied on disk as file GRAPHFNS.for. A number of standard functions have been supplied in this file to get you started. If you need any others, just program them in the same manner, and re-compile your program. The maximum number of parameters which can be passed is specified in the DIMENSION of the array P() in the main program segment (set at 20 in the sample main program GRAPH.for). The functions are called with a function number (to specify which function you want to evaluate), a list of parameters, and an x-value. It then returns the corresponding y-value. For example, if you want to plot the parabola f(x) = 1.2 + 2*x - 3.4*x^2, you would specify : IFN = 1 (function number 1 = polynomial) P(1) = 2 (polynomial of order 2) P(2) = 1.2 (1st coefficient of the polynomial) P(3) = 2 (2nd " ) P(4) = 3.4 (3rd " ) The file GRAPHFNS.for is printed out below for convenience. The standard functions available are :- 1. Polynomial of any order f(x) = a0 + a1.x + a2.x^2 + ... + an.x^n 2. Exponential f(x) = a + b.exp(c.x) 3. Power function f(x) = a + b*x^c 4. Logarithmic (natural) f(x) = a + b.ln(c.x+d) 5. Logarithmic (base 10) f(x) = a + b.log(c.x+d) 6. Inverse function f(x) = a + b/(c+x) 7. Circle (top or bottom half) 8. Ellipse (top or bottom half) Page 14 This is a listing of the source code for the sample user-defined functions supplied with the programs :- FUNCTION FGRAPH(IFN,P,X) * * The list of functions for plotting on IGRAPH. * This list can be added to as required. * * FNUM = Function number * P = Array of parameters to be passed to the selected function * X = X-value at which the function is to be evaluated * DIMENSION P(*) * To add more functions, add labels to the following statement: GOTO (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8) IFN * * Function 1. Polynomial (to n-th order). n+2 parameters. * P(1)=n, P(2) to P(n+2) = coeffecients a0, a1, a2, ... an. * [ f(x) = a0 + a1.x + a2.x^2 + ... + an.x^n ] * 1 N = INT(P(1)+0.5) POLY = P(N+2) DO 100 I=N+1, 2, -1 POLY = X*POLY + P(I) 100 CONTINUE FGRAPH = POLY RETURN * * Function 2. Exponential, 3 parameters. * f(x) = a + b.exp(c.x) * 2 FGRAPH = P(1) + P(2)*EXP(P(3)*X) RETURN * * Function 3. Power function, 3 parameters. * f(x) = a + b.x^c * 3 FGRAPH = P(1) + P(2)*X**P(3) RETURN * * Function 4. Logarithmic, 4 parameters. * f(x) = a + b.ln(c.x+d) * 4 FGRAPH = P(1) + P(2)*ALOG(P(3)*X + P(4)) RETURN * * Function 5. Base 10 Logarithmic, 4 parameters. * f(x) = a + b.log(c.x+d) * 5 FGRAPH = P(1) + P(2)*ALOG10(P(3)*X + P(4)) RETURN * * Function 6. Inverse function, 3 parameters. * f(x) = a + b/(c+x) 6 FGRAPH = P(1) + P(2)/(P(3)+X) RETURN Page 15 * * Function 7. Circle. 4 Parameters. * P(1) = 1 for top half of circle, -1 for bottom half. * P(2) = radius. * P(3) = x coordinate of centre of circle. * P(4) = y coordinate of centre of circle. * 7 XXX = P(2)*P(2) - (X-P(3))**2. IF(XXX.LT.0) XXX = 0. FGRAPH = P(1)*SQRT(XXX) + P(4) RETURN * * Function 8. Ellipse. 5 Parameters. * P(1) = 1 for top half of ellipse, -1 for bottom half. * P(2) = max radius in x direction. * P(3) = max radius in y direction. * P(4) = x coordinate of centre of ellipse. * P(5) = y coordinate of centre of ellipse. * 8 XXX = 1.- ((X-P(4))/P(2))**2. IF(XXX.LT.0) XXX = 0. FGRAPH = P(1)*P(3)*SQRT(XXX) + P(5) RETURN END *--------------------------------------------------------------------------- Page 16 Appendix D. A sample data file for use with GRAPH =================================================== Several demonstration graph files are supplied with the programs. The first one, GRAPH.001, is discussed in detail in this section to make it easier to understand how to set up your own graph data files for use with the sample main program GRAPH.for. The actual data file is :- 1 16. 12. Demonstration Graph 1 1 100 0. 10. 0 9 0 x-axis, log scale 10 4 0 y-axis, linear scale 1 2 5 2 5 1 -2 1 0 0 {clear a box for legend table} 1.03 9.8 11. 8.2 6 -1 2 2 Data 1, fitted with spline 1.33 2.1 1.67 4.4 2.67 6.3 10. 7.4 30. 8. 60. 9.2 6 1 3 2 Data 2, with straight lines 3. .3 8. 1. 15. .5 25. 1.5 50. 1.5 90. 4. 6 0 6 3 Data 3, points only 2. 1.5 6. 2. 10. 2.6 20. 3.7 45. 5.5 80. 9.3 0 4 1 1 y = x/10 + 1.5 1 3 1.5 90. {function 1. Polynomial} 1 1.5 0.1 The data file is described below on a line-by-line basis : 1 16. 12. Demonstration Graph 1 --> igrprt=1, xl=16, yl=12, glabel='Demo.... --> Print axes, x-axis 16 cm wide, y-axis 12 cm high, graph heading. 1 100 0. 10. --> xmin=1, xmax=100, ymin=0, ymax=10 --> x = 1 to 100, y = 0 to 10. 0 9 0 x-axis, log scale --> ndivx=0, nsdivx=9, ndpx=0, xlabel='x-axis.... --> Log scale, 9 sub-divisions per decade, ignored, x-axis heading. 10 4 0 y-axis, linear scale --> ndivy=10, nsdivy=4, ndpy=0, ylabel='y-axis.... --> 10 labelled divisions, 4 subdivisions between each labelled division, 0 decimal places (ie print integers along y-axis), y-axis heading. Page 17 1 2 5 2 5 1 --> ivh=1, lohi=2, ioff=5, igrid=2, nsets=5, legpos=1 --> vertical (portrait) format, Hi-res, Print 5 blank spaces (1/2") on left of graph, line style 2 for the grid, 5 sets of data, legend table in position 1 (top left). Now start the sets of data... Data set number 1 = -2 1 0 0 {clear a box for legend table} --> npts=-2, ltyp=1, (0, 0, ignored) --> npts=-2 means clear a rectangular area. ltyp=1 means draw a box around the cleared area in line style 1 (solid line) 1.03 9.8 11. 8.2 --> x1=1.03, y1=9.8, x2=11, y2=8.2 --> Coordinates of top left and bottom right of box to be cleared. Data set number 2 = 6 -1 2 2 Data 1, fitted with spline --> npts=6, ltyp=-1, mark=2, msize=2, legend='Data 1.... --> 6 points for data set 1, join points with a cubic spline (smooth curve), place symbol 2 at each point (open octagon), size 2 for the symbol, description of data set 1 for the legend table. 1.33 2.1 1.67 4.4 2.67 6.3 10. 7.4 30. 8. 60. 9.2 --> The 6 data points for set 1 (x,y) Data set number 3 = 6 1 3 2 Data 2, fitted with straight lines --> 6 points for data set 2, join points with straight lines, place symbol 3 at each point (filled octagon), size 2 for the symbol, description of data set 2 for the legend table. 3. .3 8. 1. 15. .5 25. 1.5 50. 1.5 90. 4. --> the 6 data points for set 2 (x,y) Data set number 4 = 6 0 6 3 Data 3 --> 6 points for data set 3, plot points only (do not join), place symbol 6 at each point (open triangle), size 3 for the symbol, description of data set 3 for the legend table. Page 18 2. 1.5 6. 2. 10. 2.6 20. 3.7 45. 5.5 80. 9.3 --> the 6 data points for set 3 (x,y) Data set number 5 = 0 4 1 1 y = x/10 + 1.5 --> npts=0, ltyp=4, mark=1, msize=1, legend='y = x/10.... --> a user-defined function for set 4, line style 4 (dashed), ignored, ignored, description of data set 4 for the legend table. 1 3 1.5 90. {function 1. Polynomial} --> ifn=1, nparms=3, x1=1.5, x2=90 --> user-defined function number 1 = polynomial, 3 parameters to be passed, plot from x=1.5 to x=90. 1 1.5 0.1 --> The 3 parameters (--> y = 1 + 1.5*x + 0.1*x^2 ) --> END OF FILE.