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- Documentation file for ATTRACT.EXE by Eric Deren 7/2/93
-
- TOC:
-
- Part 1 - What is it?
- Part 2 - How do you use it?
- Part 3 - Why did I write it?
- Part 4 - Who am I?
- Part 5 - Bibliography
-
- Part 1 - What is it?
-
- ATTRACT is a program that calculates in real-time Poincaré sections of
- chaotic (or "strange") attractors in phase space (sometimes called a
- multiple-body phase portrait). Currently supported are the Damped and
- Driven Pendulum (DDP) model and the Duffing Two-Well Oscillator (DTWO).
- Phase space is a coordinate system used for motion analysis where,
- rather than showing displacement vs. time, velocity vs. displacement is
- shown. One point in the DDP simulation represents the phase portrait of
- a pendulum that is allowed to flip an entire 360° (2π). Displacement (x axis)
- is given by the angle, in radians, and the velocity (y axis) is velocity
- in radians per second. A phase portrait of a standard everyday pendulum
- with friction would resemble a spiral to the origin of the coordinate system,
- as the pendulum slowed down, changed direction, sped up, passed 0
- displacement, slowed down and changed direction again. The interesting
- thing about the DDP is that it is also driven by a force that comes at
- a specific frequency. If this frequency is out of phase with the pendulum's
- natural movement, chaos takes over and we have a non-linear dynamical
- system.
- In much the same way as the Lorenz attractor, the particles in these
- simulations never run over the same path twice.
- For more information, see the bibliography.
-
-
- Part 4 - How do you use it?
-
- Usage:
-
- ATTRACT [options]
-
- options: abbreviations:
- step=(step size) i=
- particles=(# of particles) p=
- attractor=(attractor #) a=
- style=(style #) s=
- distribution=(dist #) d=
-
- Attractor numbers:
-
- 1) Damped and Driven Pendulum
- 2) Duffing Two-Well Oscillator
-
- Style Numbers:
-
- 1) Erases old points and redraws new at the same time. Reduces flicker.
- 2) Clears screen and then draws new points. Useful if you are doing
- large numbers of points and the erase/redraw looses all illusion
- of movement.
- 3) Just draws points and doesn't erase them. Useful if you want to run
- just one or two points and view their path. You will probably want
- to turn down the step size so you get a solid line.
-
- Distribution Numbers:
-
- 1) Starts with an evenly distributed row of points. Similar to Merge2.
- 2) Starts with an evenly distributed block of points.
- 3) Starts with a random scattering of point positions.
-
- Hints:
-
- Attract without arguments will function using the default values. Type
- an something not listed to get a command list.
-
- I wouldn't try to run more than 16000 points if I were you. The program
- is supposed to be making sure that you have memory for these points, but
- for certain numbers above around 16000 strange things start to happen; more
- strange than the display.
-
- Because of all of the floating point calculations going on here, this
- program really drags on anything less than a 386 with a math coprocessor.
- I haven't seen it on a 486sx, but it should be fine. If the standard
- setup looks more like a repainting line than an animation, you will want
- to see this program on a faster computer.
-
- Increasing the number of points has the effect of slowing down the
- display for those of you with computers too fast.
-
- For a neat display of unpredictable chaotic behavior, run
- ATTRACT p=1 s=3 i=0.002
- Watch it for a few minutes and try to predict where it's going next.
- Good luck. The above with i=0.005 is kinda neat too.
-
- Because chaos is so dependent on starting conditions, small things
- like changing the step size will create a different display. After about
- a minute, a point with a step size of i=0.002 will be moving completely
- different from a point started with a step size of i=0.001. This is because
- you are giving it different numbers of chances for round-off error to occur,
- and those little numbers add up in a chaotic system.
-
-
- This program is released as shareware. It may be freely distributed as long
- as it remains unmodified. Peace.
-
- Disclaimer: You use ATTRACT at your own risk. I won't be held responsible
- if it screws anything up.
-
-
- Part 3 - Why did I write it?
-
- I wrote the original program because I've always been fascinated by
- the processes involved in getting a computer to simulate reality. As
- you can see by most of my raytraced art and animations, I strive for
- realism, not just for realism's sake, but to get my viewer wondering
- whether it's real. Then, as soon as it could almost be real, I do something
- bizarre. In much the same way as Industrial Light and Magic works.
- Now, personally, I don't see this thing looking like a pendulum at all.
- But it makes one heck of a can of paint with two colors being mixed together.
- Or maybe some smoke in turbulent air.
- This version is here because I didn't want the code to sit on my computer
- and rot. I added a command line interface, and made the systems user
- selectable, so now other people can enjoy the picture. If you saw Merge2,
- Hype, or Htorus, those were other cases of this same situation. Of course,
- my other programs were in color, but hey, black & white is classy. (read:
- I couldn't figure out a nice way to color the dots)
-
-
- Part 4 - Who am I?
-
- I'm Eric Deren. I usually do computer animation, but programming is
- one of my other hobbies. (along with bike riding, swimming, and weight
- lifting) I also do video editing and camera work. At the time of this
- writing I'm just out of high school (at the NC School of Science & Math,
- a public school in Durham, NC) and preparing for school at Georgia Tech.
-
- Anyway, if you've used and liked Attract, and you have questions/comments/
- suggestions/money/employment for me, I can be reached as ERIC DEREN by Email
- via the PCGnet, or The Graphics Alternative BBS (510)524-2780, or
- The Leo Graphics BBS (310)984-1075. I don't know my internet address for
- next year yet, but it will probably be @hydra.gatech.edu.
-
- Obviously, when I was writing this thing, I wasn't thinking about money.
- But if you wish to send me some money or some hardware (sugg: SIMMS ;-) or
- something please feel free. I will accept gladly. :-)
-
- Thanks for your support!
- Eric Deren
- Rt 1 Box 401
- Andrews, NC 28901
-
-
-
- Part 5 - Bibliography
-
- Just a little something for those of you who are intrigued as I was when
- I was trying to figure this stuff out. There are also several good general
- fractal books in this list.
-
- J. Gleick, CHAOS: Making a New Science (New York: Viking Penguin, 1987)
-
- S.N. Rasband, Chaotic Dynamics of Nonlinear Systems (New York: John Wiley
- & Sons, 1990)
-
- K. Briggs, "Simple Experiments in Chaotic Dynamics," Am. J. Phys. 55 (12)
- (December 1987)
-
- E.C. Zeeman, F.R.S. in Dynamical Chaos, ed: M.V. Berry, I.C. Percival, and
- N.O. Weiss (Princton: Princton University Press, 1987)
-
- Devaney, Robert L., Chaos, Fractals, and Dynamics: Computer Experiments in
- Mathematics (Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley, 1990)
-
- Peitgen, H. -O and P.H. Richter, The Beauty of Fractals: Images of Complex
- Dynamical Systems (New York: Springer-Verlag, 1986)
-
- Pickover, Clifford A., Computers, Patterns, Chaos and Beauty (New York:
- St. Martin's Press, 1990)
-