Monster Media 1993 #2/Image.iso/internet/faq21b.zip/OS2FAQ.TXT

Text File | 1993-07-11 | 190KB | 4,326 lines

 OS/2 Frequently Asked Questions List
 User's Edition
 Release 2.1B
 July 12, 1993
 Compiled by Timothy F. Sipples

For changes, suggestions, or additions please mail
[e-mail] or write:

 Timothy F. Sipples
 Center for Population Economics
 University of Chicago
 1101 East 58th Street
 Chicago, IL  60637
 U.S.A.

I cannot acknowledge your contribution(s), but they are greatly
appreciated.

Mention of a product does not constitute an endorsement.  Customers outside
the United States should not necessarily rely on 800 telephone numbers,
page numbers, part numbers, or upgrade policies contained in this List.
Electronic mail addresses are in Internet form; use addressing appropriate
to your mail system.

This List is freely distributable.  If you redistribute the List, please
include all the original files.  If you publish the List, in full or in
part, please forward a copy of the finished publication to Timothy F.
Sipples at the above address.

This List is updated monthly and is distributed through various computer
networks and online services, including the Internet, CompuServe, GEnie,
and many BBSes.

Both ASCII text and OS/2 Information Presentation Facility (INF) versions
of the List are provided.  To view the INF version of the List, go to any
OS/2 command line prompt (e.g.  double click on "OS/2 Window") and type:

 VIEW OS2FAQ.INF

The ASCII text version may be viewed using any text editor, word processor,
or file listing utility.  The text version is intended to answer any
questions you may have before actually obtaining and using OS/2.  You will
find that the INF version provides a much more attractive List, with
hypertext links, fast indexing, and, increasingly, illustrations.

If you have not received both files (OS2FAQ.INF and OS2FAQ.TXT), please ask
your system operator to make sure he/she is receiving the correct and
complete package every month.


 Related information:

 (0.1) Release Notes


(0.1) Release Notes

Text which has been revised or updated since the last release will appear
in the same color as this paragraph.  Unfortunately, this form of marking
will not be evident in the plain text or hardcopy versions of the List.  If
anyone has any strong objections to this form of revision marking, please
let me know.  (I have several ideas on how to improve this method, but I
would appreciate your feedback.)

At some point in the future I plan to add Master Help Index entries.  I
also hope to add a glossary of terms.

Substantial changes have been made to this List to reflect new information
on IBM OS/2 Version 2.1.  Hence, the version number of the List has changed
(to match OS/2's version number).  Revision marking is omitted in this
release since so much has changed since the last release.  BBS operators
and archive maintainers:  please retain Version 2.0L of this List, the last
version to deal specifically with OS/2 Version 2.0.

This release, 2.1B, is identical to Release 2.1A with the
following exceptions: the logo has been changed to a bitmap
(OS/2 was not able to print the FAQ List with the metafile logo
on certain systems), a typographical error was corrected relating to the
price of the Toshiba 3401 CD-ROM drive in Section (2.5), and
an icon file is included in the distribution.  Release 2.1C, due in
early August, 1993, will contain substantially revised content.

Please contact the author [See (0.0) Introduction and Credits] if you would
like to volunteer to redistribute the List to BIX.


 Related information:

 (0.0) Introduction and Credits
 (0.2) Recent Developments
 (0.3) Questions in this Release


(0.2) Recent Developments

See (0.4) Special Report on OS/2 2.1 for complete information on IBM's new
version of OS/2.

IBM will be holding the next Personal Software Products (PSP) Technical
Interchange conference (formerly the OS/2 Technical Interchange) in
Orlando, Florida, from August 29 through September 2. Call 800-872-7109 or
508-443-4990 for more information.

See (3.10) Special Software Offers for additional software specials and for
more information on some of the following:

o WordPerfect is now accepting orders for WordPerfect 5.2 for OS/2 for
delivery in the next few weeks.  WordPerfect for OS/2 features integration
with the Workplace Shell, multithreaded background printing, and background
conversion of documents stored in older formats.

o Two new on-the-fly disk compression packages are now available.
Proportional Software's DCF/2 Version 1.1 is both HPFS and FAT compatible
and is certified for both OS/2 2.0 and 2.1.  Stacker for OS/2 and DOS (from
Stac Electronics, list price $199) provides compression on FAT drives only,
but backward compatibility with the DOS version is assured.

o VisPro/REXX, the visual application builder for OS/2, is now shipping.
VisPro/REXX, produced by HockWare (formerly UCANDU Software), offers an
environment which is tightly integrated with the Workplace Shell.
Applications are built by dragging GUI elements (such as sliders,
containers, and buttons) to a form.  A series of simple menus help to
establish relationships between these GUI elements.  VisPro/REXX
automatically generates the REXX code necessary to write the application.
A VisPro/REXX application can be saved to a simple .EXE file (which has
only about 90K of overhead) and distributed royalty-free.  VisPro/REXX is
available for $299 direct from HockWare (telephone [phone] or FAX
919-380-0757) or at a discount from such dealers as The Programmer's Shop.

o IBM is close to finishing a trio of new, powerful multimedia development
tools.  Ultimedia Builder/2 features a graphical filmstrip interface with
authoring and playback buttons to help users build applications that
feature audio, video, still images, and view interaction.  It offers a
powerful multimedia scripting language, and a state-of-the-art multimedia
tutorial and online help are available.  Ultimedia Workplace/2 allows you
to manage multimedia objects simply and visually by providing browsable
icons for each object.  It provides natural extensions to the Workplace
Shell and allows you to define and enter descriptive fields for multimedia
objects.  UW/2 will integrate with several relational databases.  Ultimedia
Perfect Image/2 offers easy capture and enhancement of images for use in
multimedia presentations.  It lets users enhance, retouch, or rearrange
images in popular true color file formats.  To obtain a CD-ROM containing
the final beta versions of these tools, or to inquire about the retail
products, telephone [phone].

o Corel Systems has reduced the price of Corel Draw 2.5 for OS/2 to $199
(list).

o IBM is now shipping beta Remote LAN Access code.  A pair of new
applications provides dial-in capability to OS/2 LANs.  For more
information on this beta program, ask your IBM representative to submit on
online request on IBM's VM Network to BETASRUS at AUSVM1, FAX [phone],
or phone 800-IBM-3040 (800-561-5293 in Canada).

o Through September 1, Sytron is offering its Sytos Rebound add-on to Sytos
Plus for just $79.  Rebound provides users of Sytos Plus with a character
mode restore program.  Now it is not necessary to reinstall OS/2 to perform
a system restoration from backup.  Sytron can be reached at 800-877-0016 or
508-898-0100.

o Watcom will release VX REXX for OS/2 this month at an introductory price
of $99.  VX REXX is another visual builder for OS/2 REXX.  Contact Watcom
at 800-265-4555 or FAX [phone] for more information.

o IBM is now offering developers access to their new Continuous Speech
Series for OS/2.  Beta level software and an array of support services and
discounts are available for developers who wish to produce applications
based on IBM's new OS/2- and AIX-based continuous speech recognition
software, the most advanced technology of its kind.  For more information
on IBM Continuous Speech Series, contact the Developer's Program at (404)
283-2200.


 Related information:

 (0.3)  Questions in this Release
 (0.4)  Special Report on OS/2 2.1
 (3.10) Special Software Offers


(0.3) Questions in this Release

The following questions are addressed in this release:

 (1.0)  Fundamentals

      (1.1)  What is OS/2?

      (1.2)  What are the differences between versions?

      (1.3)  How good is OS/2 2.1's DOS and Windows compatibility?

      (1.4)  Where can I buy OS/2, and how much does it cost?

      (1.5) Why should I use HPFS?  What does it offer me?  Does it work
            with DOS?


  (2.0)  Hardware

      (2.1) What hardware do I need to run IBM OS/2 2.1?  Do I need a
            PS/2?

      (2.2)  Will OS/2 2.1 work with my SuperVGA adapter?

      (2.3)  Will OS/2 2.1 work with my printer?

      (2.4)  Can I use COM3 and COM4 in OS/2 2.1?

      (2.5)  Are there any specific hardware recommendations?

      (2.6)  Can I use more than 16 MB of RAM?

      (2.7) What device drivers are available that aren't included with
            OS/2?


  (3.0)  Software

      (3.1)  What applications are available for OS/2?

      (3.2)  Where can I obtain OS/2 shareware and freeware?

      (3.3)  What are the "must have" shareware and freeware titles?

      (3.4)  Is there a Norton Utilities for OS/2?

      (3.5)  I would like to set up an OS/2 BBS.  What is available?

      (3.6)  What do I need for OS/2 multimedia applications?

      (3.7)  Should I worry about viruses when running OS/2 2.1?

      (3.8)  What networking products are available for OS/2 2.1?

      (3.9)  What is Extended Services?

      (3.10)  Are there any special software offers I should know about?

      (3.11)  What backup software is available?

      (3.12) What multiuser extensions and security options are available?


  (4.0)  Installation, Maintenance, and Support

      (4.1)  I am having trouble installing OS/2 2.1.  What should I do?

      (4.2)  I can't install OS/2 from Drive B.  What's wrong?

      (4.3)  What is the best way to partition my hard disk for OS/2?

      (4.4) How do I access HPFS partitions on my hard drive without
            booting from the hard drive?  I'm getting error messages now --
            how do I "repair" my hard disk?

      (4.5)  How can I get answers to my OS/2 questions?

      (4.6) What are CSDs, how do I tell which I have, and where do I get
            them?

      (4.7)  Which online services support OS/2, and how do I join?

      (4.8)  Are there any OS/2 user groups?

      (4.9)  What OS/2 books and magazines are available?

      (4.10)  How do I report an OS/2 problem to IBM?

      (4.11)  What OS/2 BBSes can I dial?


  (5.0)  Using OS/2

      (5.1)  I'm a Unix wizard.  How do I make OS/2 resemble Unix?

      (5.2) I prefer Windows.  How do I make OS/2 2.1 resemble Windows (or
            OS/2 1.3)?

      (5.3) Sometimes OS/2 2.1 will freeze when I run an application.  What
            do I do?

      (5.4) How do I start a background process from the OS/2 command line?

      (5.5)  How do I add new Adobe Type Manager typefaces?

      (5.6)  How do I tweak OS/2 2.1 for maximum performance?

      (5.7)  How do I measure OS/2 performance and memory usage?

      (5.8) My background bitmap does not display correctly.  What's wrong?

      (5.9)  How do I boot a real version of DOS from within OS/2 2.1?

      (5.10)  Are there any clever tricks that apply to OS/2 2.1?

      (5.11)  How do I use REXX?  What does it do?

      (5.12)  What ANSI escape sequences can be used?


  (6.0)  Miscellaneous

      (6.1)  What can I do to promote OS/2?

      (6.2)  How can I create INF files?


(0.4) Special Report on OS/2 2.1

On May 18, IBM announced OS/2 Version 2.1, slated for delivery in the
United States on June 14 to all users.

Multimedia Presentation Manager/2 (MMPM/2), the OS/2 multimedia extensions,
are now a part of the base operating system (included at no extra charge).
MMPM/2 includes support for sound output (including WAV and MIDI format
files), software motion video (Ultimotion and Intel Indeo formats), and
other advanced multimedia features.

Ultimotion software motion video is the most advanced on the market for
PCs, providing on most hardware, without any assist, up to 320x240 pixel
video images displayed at up to 30 frames per second in 256 colors with an
8- or 16-bit soundtrack.  These video images are properly synchronized with
the sound output thanks to OS/2's preemptive multitasking and
multithreading architecture.  Background tasks continue to operate without
loss of foreground responsiveness to most multimedia operations.

OS/2 2.1 includes drivers for the MediaVision ProAudio Spectrum series of
adapters, Creative Labs SoundBlaster series, and IBM M-Audio.  Other
drivers are expected to be released in parallel with OS/2 2.1 on vendor
bulletin boards.

Note:  SoundBlaster clones may not operate properly with the Creative Labs
drivers in MMPM/2.  MediaVision is working on a simple patch (to enable
their ThunderBoard to work with the Creative Labs SoundBlaster driver), and
that patch should work with other SoundBlaster clones.

IBM will also be releasing a driver which provides limited fidelity sound
output on the standard PC speaker.  This driver does require a substantial
amount of processor attention, so background tasks may experience decreased
responsiveness.  This speaker driver will be released to OS/2 bulletin
boards, CompuServe, the Internet, and other electronic sources, and it
should be available on or about June 14.  It will provide MMPM/2 sound
output for those customers who do not have dedicated sound hardware.

The shrinkwrap OS/2 2.1 package now includes over 600 pages of hardcopy
documentation, with extensive information on installation and use of the
operating system.  Moreover, the online documentation (particularly the
online Command Reference) has been enhanced.

Beta testers of OS/2 2.1 will recall that FAX/PM (an applet which could
send one page faxes using Class 2 faxmodems) was part of the product.  This
applet has been pulled from the final release of OS/2 2.1 because it was
found to be far too limiting.  Instead, a new multimedia game, Mahjongg,
has been provided.  Follow the instructions in the OS/2 2.1 README file to
install Mahjongg.

OS/2 2.1 adds several new SuperVGA drivers, all with so-called "seamless"
Windows support (meaning that Windows applications can run alongside OS/2
and DOS applications on the OS/2 Workplace Shell desktop).  The built-in
SuperVGA support extends to display adapters based on most Tseng 4000,
Cirrus Logic, Trident 8900, ATI, Paradise/Western Digital, IBM, and
Headland/Video7 chipsets.  Both the 8514/A and XGA drivers also support
"seamless" Windows.  Text window scrolling speed for SuperVGA adapters has
been improved.  OS/2 2.1 has also routinized the procedure for using video
mode setting utilities (to set customized refresh rates or reset registers
properly).

Many drivers for other SuperVGA adapters based on other chipsets are
expected to be released on or shortly after the June 14th delivery date,
through vendor bulletin boards and other electronic sources.

OS/2 2.1 adds support for Windows 3.1 applications, including enhanced mode
applications.  The OS/2 exclusive features (such as the ability to start
multiple Win-OS/2 desktops) are preserved.  Also, DOS and OS/2 applications
can be started from the Win-OS/2 Program Manager and from other Windows
applications.  Windows 3.1 features, such as OLE and the Windows Multimedia
Extensions, are built into OS/2 2.1, as are most of the Windows 3.1
applets.  VxD (virtual Windows drivers) are not supported under OS/2 2.1
(affecting only a couple applications, notably MathCAD 4.0 and Microsoft
Visual C++).

Support for PCMCIA adapters, Advanced Power Management (for portable and
notebook computers), additional printers (including the DeskJet series and
HP LaserJet 4), most CD-ROM drives, and more SCSI adapters have been added.
Refinements have been made to the Workplace Shell, including drag and drop
icon assignment.  Several new background bitmap images are provided for
tiled backgrounds (like "bricks," "columns," and so forth).

OS/2 2.1 will be available in three media types:  3.5 inch diskettes, 5.25
inch diskettes, and CD-ROM.  The CD-ROM version includes two 3.5 inch and
two 5.25 inch "bootstrap" diskettes.  These diskettes allow installation of
OS/2 2.1 from the CD-ROM when a native OS/2 driver is in use.  If an OS/2
driver is not available for a particular CD-ROM drive and adapter
combination, a full set of installation diskettes can be built under DOS
from the CD-ROM.  This capability will be familiar to beta testers of OS/2
Version 2.1.  Extensive documentation has been included in the regular
manual to enable the beginner to successfully install OS/2 from this new
media type.  (The CD-ROM and diskette versions of OS/2 2.1 contain the same
documentation, save for an extra one page insert in the CD-ROM package.)

The CD-ROM version is the preferred version of OS/2, since it enables
quicker installation and since it includes extra features not found on the
diskette versions (namely more sample software motion video clips and extra
sound files).  The CD-ROM version is also less expensive to manufacture,
and IBM passes on the savings.  It is also less susceptible to damage by
stray magnetic fields, for example.

OS/2 2.1, like OS/2 2.0, is available in an upgrade version for DOS and
OS/2 users.  This upgrade version includes a "sniffer" utility.  In order
to install the upgrade edition, you must have any version of DOS (PC-DOS,
DR-DOS, or MS-DOS) or OS/2 (IBM OS/2, Microsoft OS/2, or any other version)
installed on your hard disk.  The first time you install the OS/2 2.1
Upgrade Edition the "sniffer" will examine your hard disk to see if you
have one of these operating systems.  If you do, a file will be written to
Diskette 1 of the installation set (or the second bootstrap diskette if
installing from CD-ROM) which will make the Upgrade Edition identical to
the non-upgrade package.  In other words, once the "sniffer" has verified
that a previous operating system is present, it will not attempt to
interfere with any subsequent installation.  This procedure prevents mishap
in the event that the contents of the hard disk are lost due to some
catastrophic failure -- OS/2 2.1 Upgrade Edition can be reinstalled without
any previous operating system on the hard disk.

OS/2 beta testers may install the Upgrade Edition over their existing beta
system, but IBM recommends that they reformat the hard drive early in the
installation, when prompted.  (The "sniffer" will disable itself after
seeing the OS/2 2.1 beta code.)

Unofficially, you may install OS/2 2.1 without reformatting.  This
procedure should only be undertaken by someone who is very familiar with
OS/2.  Start by booting the OS/2 2.1 Installation Diskette, then insert
Diskette 1 when prompted.  At the next prompt, press ESC.  You should then
be left at the command line.  Leave Diskette 1 in Drive A.

Execute the following commands:

 C:

[You should log to the drive where OS/2 is installed.  This example assumes
Drive C.]

 ATTRIB -r -h -s \* /s
 DEL \OS2*
 DEL \README
 DELTREE \OS2
 DELTREE \Desktop
 DELTREE \Nowhere
 DELTREE \Spool
 DELTREE \PSFonts
 DELTREE \Delete
 DELTREE \MMOS2
 RENAME \CONFIG.SYS CONFIG.BET
 RENAME \AUTOEXEC.BAT AUTOEXEC.BET
 A:
 EXIT

[Note that the second DELTREE command should refer to your OS/2 desktop
directory, whatever its name.] Then proceed with installation as directed.

DELTREE is a utility that comes as part of the GammaTech Utilities.  It
deletes a directory and all its contents (including any subdirectories).  A
similar function can be performed using the GNU file utilities ("RM -rf
...").  If you do not have such a utility you will have to use the DEL and
RD commands several times to eliminate all the directories listed in the
DELTREE lines, above.

Do not attempt to perform the above steps under DOS.  Note that you may
want to run CHKDSK from an OS/2 diskette boot (as directed in this List)
prior to installation of OS/2 2.1.

Do not attempt to migrate your INI files unless the utility you use (e.g.
WPSBackup, DeskMan/2) is specifically certified for migration of beta INI
files to the released version of OS/2 2.1.  (Note that in OS/2 2.1 the INI
files may now be copied using the COPY command, even while OS/2 2.1 itself
is running.)

The "sniffer" is satisfied if you have performed a SYS C:  to your hard
disk from DOS, or, in the case of OS/2 2.0, if you have completed
installation through the second insertion of the Installation Diskette (and
the request to remove the Installation Diskette to reboot).  Thus, you do
not have to go to great lengths to satisfy the "sniffer" in the Upgrade
Edition, even if you are starting from an empty hard disk for some reason.
(The "sniffer" is also satisfied if it sees beta OS/2 code.)

In the United States, IBM has priced OS/2 2.1 extremely competitively.
Moreover, discounts for upgrades from OS/2 apply to any previous version of
OS/2 (excluding beta releases), including OS/2 versions from Microsoft and
non-IBM OEMs, including Version 1.x of OS/2.  Through the telephone number
800-3-IBM-OS2, IBM is now accepting orders for OS/2 2.1 for shipment on
June 14.  OS/2 2.1 on diskette (Upgrade Edition) costs $119.  On CD-ROM,
the price is $99.  Both prices include shipping.  A rebate coupon will be
enclosed in the package.  Return the coupon with the first page from your
OS/2 manual and you will receive a rebate check for $30.  IBM is equipped
to send your rebate check within 24 hours of receipt of the rebate form and
manual page.  Non-upgrade pricing is also available; call for details.
Additional licenses cost $69 (with a $10 rebate available to users
upgrading from OS/2).  These prices are subject to change 90 days after
June 14.

IBM strongly encourages users to purchase OS/2 2.1 from dealers.  Pricing
is expected to be substantially lower at software dealers such as Egghead
Discount Software.  Initial reports indicate that, for users upgrading from
OS/2, software dealer pricing is typically under $50 for the CD-ROM version
and under $70 for the diskette version (after rebate).  Some dealers will
even handle all the rebate paperwork for you (provided you bring in the
necessary OS/2 proof of purchase), automatically reducing the price at the
register.

This pricing strategy is designed to encourage software dealers to carry
OS/2 2.1, to provide even more visibility for what is expected to be an
extremely successful product.  Shifting demand for OS/2 2.1 to dealers is
likely to encourage those same dealers to carry more OS/2 applications (as
well as the operating system itself).

Most software dealers will have OS/2 2.1 product available for purchase on
June 14.  You should contact your local software dealer by telephone right
now to reserve your copy.  (You should avoid calling 800 numbers; the local
dealer will know the most about local availability for June 14.)

Technical support for OS/2 2.1 has been enhanced.  The same, free 800
number support made available for OS/2 2.0 is also available for OS/2 2.1
(for up to 60 days following your first call).  Each copy of OS/2 includes
the 60 days of free support, so customers with multiple copies can
effectively get more free support.  The 800 number will now be dedicated to
OS/2 support, and your call will be directed more quickly and efficiently.
IBM will continue to work to enhance the support available through
electronic means (such as CompuServe, the OS/2 BBS, the Internet, and other
electronic forums).

IBM's marketing efforts have been expanded for OS/2 2.1.  You will see more
(and improved) advertising in both trade publications and mass market
general publications.  This new wave of advertising kicked off on Monday,
May 10.

Simultaneous with the release of OS/2 2.1, IBM is now offering a CD-ROM
containing the complete suite of OS/2 and OS/2-related documentation in
electronic form.  This one stop source for OS/2 documentation (including
programming information, information on OS/2-related products such as LAN
Server, MMPM/2 information, and other electronic publications) is in Book
Reader format, and an OS/2 Book Reader program is provided on the CD-ROM.
This CD-ROM is available for $49 from the 800-3-IBM-OS2 telephone number in
the United States.

Also, IBM is releasing the OS/2 2.1 Programmer's Toolkit.  This updated
Toolkit (now part of C Set ++) provides utilities and programming
information for developing the best OS/2 applications.  Call IBM's OS/2
Hotline for information on the Toolkit, or ask your local software dealer.

IBM believes in supporting its customers to the best of its abilities.
That is why IBM will be releasing another Service Pak for OS/2 Version 2.0.
While IBM strongly encourages users to upgrade to OS/2 Version 2.1, some
users may wish to continue running OS/2 Version 2.0.  OS/2 2.1 provides
several new features, and the new Service Pak for OS/2 2.0 will not be
providing such features (such as MMPM/2, Windows 3.1 compatibility,
Advanced Power Management, support for PCMCIA adapters, and so on), but it
will fix all outstanding bugs found in the product to date.  This new
Service Pak will be made available through electronic means (such as
CompuServe and the Internet), and it will also be available for a nominal
charge on diskette direct from IBM.  Expect this Service Pak by the end of
July.

Large customers who wish to purchase licenses for 1000 or more copies of
OS/2 2.1 may be allowed to obtain OS/2 2.1 without Windows 3.1 support.
Since Microsoft receives royalties on Win-OS/2 3.1, elimination of this
code can reduce the cost over a large number of copies.  Large customers
who wish to pursue this avenue should speak with their IBM representative.
This offer is not available to smaller customers since IBM cannot supply
custom OS/2 2.1 configurations at a competitive price in smaller
quantities.

OS/2 2.1 pricing and availability will vary from country to country to some
extent.  Contact your local IBM office or IBM dealer for details.  For
example, in the United Kingdom OS/2 2.1 upgrades are available from the
International OS/2 User Group for 69 pounds plus VAT and shipping.

Northgate, Unisys, AST, and ALR join the ranks of major system vendors who
have agreed to preload OS/2 on request on new systems.  Dell, Tangent, and
Ariel Design will also preload OS/2 on their new systems on request.

Since OS/2 2.1 is less expensive on CD-ROM and offers several extra
multimedia samples in that format, interest in purchasing CD-ROM drives has
increased.  The advice found in other sections of this List applies.  As a
general rule of thumb, choose a SCSI-2 compliant CD-ROM drive that supports
audio discs, ISO 9660/High Sierra data discs, CD-ROM/XA, and Kodak Photo
CD.  For the adapter, choose an Adaptec, Future Domain, DPT, or IBM for
easiest, "out of the box" support.  External CD-ROM drives are generally
the safer investment.  Compare drives according to data transfer speed (the
higher the better) and average access time (the lower the number, in
milliseconds, the better).  This advice applies to new purchases.  If you
already have a CD-ROM drive (especially the non-SCSI Sony, Phillips, and
Mitsumi varieties), check CompuServe or other electronic sources for the
appropriate OS/2 driver.


(1.0) What is OS/2?

 What is OS/2?

OS/2 is an advanced operating system for PCs and PS/2s with an 80286
processor or better.  It was codeveloped by Microsoft and IBM and
envisioned as the successor to DOS.

It was designed from the ground up with preemptive multitasking and
multithreading in mind.  "Preemptive multitasking" means that the operating
system is responsible for allocating processor time to the one or more
applications which are running.  (Cooperative multitasking, as found in
Microsoft Windows or the Macintosh's System 7, requires that each
application surrender the processor after a certain amount of time.  If one
application refuses to yield, all the other applications stop running.)
"Multithreading" means that programs can start subtasks which will then be
executed by the operating system in the background.  For example, a word
processor may create a separate thread (subtask) to handle printing or
saving to disk.  When the user asks the word processor to perform one of
these tasks, the word processor creates a new thread and control returns to
the word processor (and the user) immediately.  The subtask is executed by
the operating system in the background.  The user is then free to ask the
word processor to perform another task without waiting for the thread to
complete.  Applications which utilitize multithreading can be much more
responsive to the user.

OS/2 also protects applications from one another (a single misbehaved
program will not typically disrupt the entire system), supports all
addressable physical RAM, and supplies virtual memory to applications as
requested, breaking DOS's 640K barrier.

An OS/2 demonstration diskette (which will run on any PC with VGA or
better, and DOS or OS/2) is available from IBM by calling 800-3-IBM-OS2.
The OS/2 2.1 demo diskette may also be downloaded; see (3.2) Shareware and
Freeware Sources.


 Related information:

 (1.2) Differences Between Versions
 (1.3) DOS and Windows Compatibility
 (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources
 (3.9) Extended Services


(1.2) Differences Between Versions

 What are the differences between versions?

o IBM OS/2 Version 2.1 is the latest release of OS/2, offering Windows 3.1
compatibility, multimedia support (including software motion video), and
more device drivers.  With Version 2.1 IBM has ended the practice of
including extra features in its own, preinstalled versions of OS/2 2.0 that
were not found in the off-the-shelf package.

o IBM OS/2 Version 2.0 is the first release of OS/2 which will run only on
machines with an 80386SX processor or better.  With this release IBM
started developing OS/2 (and its Intel and non-Intel-based successors)
independently but continued to involve third party PC manufacturers in its
testing.  Improvements included an object-oriented Workplace Shell (WPS); a
multiple operating system boot mechanism; better DOS and Windows support
[See (1.3) DOS and Windows Compatibility]; new 32-bit programming
interfaces; support for more than 16 MB of physical RAM [See (2.6) More
Than 16 MB RAM]; and more third party device drivers.  OS/2 1.x
applications, unmodified, still run under OS/2 2.0.

o IBM OS/2 Version 1.3 is the last release of OS/2 to operate on PCs with
80286 CPUs.  This version introduced built-in Adobe Type Manager (ATM) [See
(5.5) Adobe Type Manager], providing scalable typefaces for screen and
printer.  Procedures Language/2 (REXX), a powerful batch-oriented
programming language, became a part of Standard Edition with this release.
[See (5.11) REXX.] (A few OEMs are shipping Microsoft OS/2 Version 1.3, but
Microsoft has ceded all OS/2 development to IBM.)

o OS/2 Version 1.2 was the first to incorporate the High Performance File
System (HPFS) [See (1.5) High Performance File System].  With this release
IBM OS/2 added a dual boot mechanism and IBM Extended Edition [See (3.9)
Extended Services] introduced REXX.

o OS/2 Version 1.1 was the first to include the Presentation Manager (PM)
GUI/API.  Microsoft OEM versions added a dual boot mechanism with this
release.

o OS/2 Version 1.0, introduced in late 1987, was the first release of OS/2.
Task switching was accomplished using a character-based shell and limited
DOS compatibility was provided.


  Related information:

  (1.1)  What is OS/2?
  (1.3)  DOS and Windows Compatibility
  (2.6)  More Than 16 MB RAM
  (3.9)  Extended Services
  (5.5)  Adobe Type Manager
  (5.11) REXX


(1.3) DOS and Windows Compatibility

 How good is OS/2 2.1's DOS and Windows compatibility?

OS/2 1.x [See (1.2) Differences Between Versions] justifiably earned a
reputation for poor DOS compatibility.  Since it was hampered by the 80286,
it could not run more than one DOS application at a time.

The situation changed dramatically with OS/2 2.0, and Version 2.1 adds
further refinements.  Version 2.1 preemptively multitasks DOS and Windows
(standard and enhanced mode) applications in separate, protected sessions,
without purchasing either environment.

OS/2 2.1 provides a complete DOS emulation equivalent to DOS 5.0.  The
operating system can provide each DOS application with up to 32 MB of EMS
4.0 (expanded memory), 16 MB of XMS 2.0 (extended memory), and/or 512 MB of
DPMI 0.95 (DOS Protected Mode Interface extended memory), all from its pool
of physical and/or virtual memory (meaning you do not have to have as much
RAM in your system as your applications request).  These limits are in
addition to the up to 730K free conventional memory supplied to each DOS
application, even after mouse and network drivers [See (3.8) Networking
Products] are loaded.  As in DOS 5.0, DOS code and device drivers may be
loaded into high memory.  A 386 memory manager like QEMM is not needed --
these features are provided by OS/2 2.1 directly.

The DOS emulation allows customization of device driver sets -- each DOS
application shares a systemwide CONFIG.SYS and the equivalent of its own
CONFIG.SYS.  Also, there is a systemwide AUTOEXEC.BAT file; however, batch
commands particular to each DOS application can be invoked using separate,
application-specific AUTOEXEC.BAT files.  And many DOS Settings are
provided to fine tune [See (5.6) Performance Tuning] each DOS/Windows
application's behavior (e.g.  IDLE_SENSITIVITY).  Most of the popular
DOS/Windows applications on your hard disk will be migrated automatically
when you install OS/2 2.1.

In addition, OS/2 2.1 will boot one or more specific versions of DOS in
separate sessions, to assist in running particularly difficult applications
(e.g.  DOS networks, MSCDEX).  So, for example, it is possible to multitask
DOS 3.3, DOS 4.0, DOS 5.0, emulated DOS, and Desqview running atop DOS, all
in separate sessions, either windowed or full screen, all with the same
and/or separate device drivers, TSRs, environment variables, etc.  DOS boot
images may be stored on a hard disk.  These procedures are described in the
online Command Reference (under VMDISK), Master Help Index, and in the
Installation Guide (Appendix E).  [See also (5.9) Specific DOS Sessions.]

Standard graphics modes [ generally up to the resolution of the desktop;
See (2.2) SuperVGA Support] are supported in DOS windows, as are selectable
text mode fonts.  Cut/paste to/from windowed DOS applications is supported
(to/from other DOS, OS/2, and Windows applications), including graphics
cut/paste.  Theoretically, OS/2 2.1 can run up to 240 simultaneous
DOS/Windows sessions; the practical maximum depends on system resources.

OS/2 2.1 will, in fact, run virtually all DOS applications in existence,
including notorious ones such as Microsoft Flight Simulator, Wing
Commander, Maple, MatLab (Version 3.5k or later), and others.  Those that
do not run generally fall into the following categories:

1. Programs that use Virtual Control Program Interface (VCPI) memory
extenders or other extenders which require direct access to 80386 control
registers.  Since such applications are also all but incompatible with
Windows, most vendors have updates for DPMI compatibility;

2. Applications which attempt to directly address the physical sectors of
an OS/2 managed nonremoveable hard disk drive.  Such programs include
UnErase in Norton Utilities [See (3.4) Disk Utilities].  Fortunately OS/2
2.1 has a built-in UnDelete feature which is more robust than Norton's
approach.  (Consult the online Command Reference for information on how to
enable UNDELETE);

3. Timing sensitive DOS applications.  Certain DOS programs that generate
digitized sound through the PC's internal speaker may have distorted sound.
High speed, real time data collection may be compromised.  These problems
can often be minimized or even eliminated using OS/2 2.1's DOS Settings.

4. Certain DOS programming debuggers.  DOS applications running under OS/2
2.1 are not permitted to access debug registers DR0-DR7 from a DOS session.
Also, DOS debuggers will not be able to set hardware breakpoints, and all
read/write operations to debug registers in virtual 8086 mode will be
ignored.

See (3.11) Backup Software for information on OS/2 backup issues.

DOS-based disk caching software is not required since OS/2 includes a
built-in, highly configurable, efficient disk cache.

DOS programs running under OS/2 2.1 are extremely fast.  A single DOS
application (no other applications open) running full screen under OS/2 2.1
typically achieves 95-97% of the performance it would have under native
DOS.  If the DOS application performs any disk I/O it can actually operate
up to several times faster than it would if running under native DOS.

If pure DOS is absolutely required, OS/2 2.1 includes a utility called the
Boot Manager.  The Boot Manager can provide a listing of all the operating
systems available on the system and will allow selection of any one at
startup, with a default after timeout.  The OS/2 1.x DualBoot method is
still available as well.  Consult the Installation Guide for instructions
on how to use Boot Manager or DualBoot.  Note that OS/2 2.1 need not be
installed on Drive C -- it can reside on other volumes [See (4.3) Hard Disk
Partitioning].

Compatibility with Windows, a popular DOS extender, is provided by
Win-OS/2, an environment based on Microsoft's Windows source code.  It runs
Windows 3.x enhanced mode and standard mode applications under OS/2 2.1,
either on a full screen Windows desktop (with the familiar Program Manager
and one or more Windows applications) or "seamlessly," alongside OS/2
applications on the Workplace Shell desktop.  "Seamless" operation is
available in VGA, many SuperVGA, 8514/A, and XGA resolutions with OS/2 2.1
as it ships.  [See (2.2) SuperVGA Support.]

Several icon conversion utilities can convert Windows icons for use by the
OS/2 Icon Editor and/or OS/2-specific programs [See (3.2) Shareware and
Freeware Sources].  (No conversion is necessary if the icons are to be used
with Windows programs running under OS/2 2.1.)

OS/2 2.1 directly provides all Windows enhanced mode features save one:
support for Windows virtual drivers (VxD).  Only two applications are
affected:  MathCAD 4.0 and Microsoft Visual C++.  Services provided by
WINMEM32.DLL are supported.

Windows applications are well integrated into the overall OS/2 Workplace
Shell environment with DDE and Clipboard hooks, and OLE (Object Linking and
Embedding) is supported among Windows applications.  Adobe Type Manager
[See (5.5) Adobe Type Manager] and TrueType for Win-OS/2 comes with OS/2
2.1.  Windows screen (for a full screen desktop) and printer device drivers
will work under Win-OS/2 [See (2.2) SuperVGA Support].  Such notorious
Windows applications as Word, Norton Desktop (save portions described
above), Toolbook, and After Dark work fine under Win-OS/2.  Even
applications which rely on the Windows Multimedia Extensions (supplied as
part of Win-OS/2) operate without trouble.  [See (3.6) Multimedia for
information on the OS/2 multimedia extensions, MMPM/2.] All the Windows
applets (except those made redundant by OS/2's applets) are provided.

Win-OS/2 departs from Microsoft Windows in that it allows more than one
Windows desktop and can preemptively (rather than cooperatively) multitask
Windows applications in separate, robust, protected sessions.

Some Windows applications require custom settings in WIN.INI.  If such a
Windows application has been installed under the DOS version of Windows,
Win-OS/2 may not be able to find the appropriate files or configuration.
Try reinstalling the Windows application under Win-OS/2.  (Note that
several options are available for Win-OS/2 interaction with the Windows INI
files.  For example, the Windows INI files may be migrated during
installation.  Or both Win-OS/2 and Windows can share a single set of INI
files.)

In short, OS/2 2.1 is generally regarded as the most DOS and Windows
compatible among the new crop of 32-bit operating systems (NT included).
It is also generally regarded as a better DOS multitasker than Desqview.


  Related information:

  (1.2)  Differences Between Versions
  (2.2)  SuperVGA Support
  (3.2)  Shareware and Freeware Sources
  (3.4)  Disk Utilities
  (3.6)  Multimedia
  (3.8)  Networking Products
  (3.11) Backup Software
  (4.3)  Hard Disk Partitioning
  (4.4)  Starting OS/2 from Diskette
  (5.5)  Adobe Type Manager
  (5.6)  Performance Tuning
  (5.9)  Specific DOS Sessions


(1.4) Availability and Cost of OS/2

 Where can I buy OS/2, and how much does it cost?

In the United States IBM OS/2 Version 2.1 is available directly from IBM.
Until September 14, promotional pricing is in effect.  OS/2 2.1 can be
ordered directly from IBM by calling 800-3-IBM-OS2.  The price is $119 for
the diskette versions (5.25 or 3.5 inch media) and $99 for the CD-ROM
version (with both 5.25 inch and 3.5 inch "bootstrap" diskettes).  These
prices are for the Upgrade Edition (for customers who already have any
version of DOS or OS/2).  Non-upgrade packages are priced higher.  Both
prices include express shipping.  A rebate coupon is enclosed in each
Upgrade Edition package; users of any version of OS/2 receive a $30 rebate.

IBM part numbers are as follows:  61G0900 for 3.5 inch media, 61G0902 for
3.5 inch media Upgrade Edition, 61G0901 for 5.25 inch media, 61G0903 for
5.25 inch media Upgrade Edition, 61G0904 for compact disc, 71G1877 for
compact disc Upgrade Edition.  An additional license certificate (no media
or manuals) is 61G0910; an additional license Upgrade Edition certificate
is 61G0911.

However, OS/2 2.1 is now available from almost any software dealer
(including Corporate Software, Egghead, Software Etc., and many others).
Software dealer pricing is lower than that available directly from IBM --
often $10 or $20 lower.  With rebate, OS/2 2.1 is about $65 for the
diskette version and about $50 for the CD-ROM version from most dealers.
(The CD-ROM version is less expensive because it costs much less to
manufacture.)

Additional license certificates are available for second and subsequent
copies (with a $10 rebate per Upgrade Edition certificate if upgrading from
any version of OS/2).  However, with the promotional pricing now in effect
it does not make economic sense to purchase license certificates when
upgrading from OS/2.  Through most dealers the CD-ROM package costs the
same as a license certificate, after rebate.  Each CD-ROM (or diskette)
package includes a set of OS/2 manuals and 60 days (per package) of toll
free technical support.  An additional license certificate does not come
with either.

These prices mean that OS/2 2.1 costs about the same as Microsoft Windows
for DOS and roughly one fifth to one third as much as the base (not server)
versions of Windows NT, NeXTStep, Solaris, and UnixWare (NT is not yet
available).

In Canada phone [phone] to order.  In the U.K.  phone the OS/2 User
Group at 0285-655888 or IBM at 0800-181182.  In other countries, contact
any IBM dealer or office.  Pricing varies from country to country.

IBM OS/2 Version 1.3 is still available and may be ordered through many IBM
dealers.

IBM is trying to make OS/2 2.1 available everywhere DOS is purchased.  If
your dealer does not stock OS/2 2.1, take your business elsewhere (and
explain why).  IBM bundles OS/2 2.1 with some PS/1, most ValuePoint, and
all 386SX (and above) PS/2 systems.  Several other vendors, including AST,
Northgate, ALR, Unisys, Dell, Ariel Design, and Tangent, will preload OS/2
2.1 on request.

IBM offers two money back guarantees in the U.S.:  a 30-day, no questions
asked, money back guarantee, and a 90-day compatibility guarantee [See
(2.1) Hardware Requirements].


 Related information:

 (1.2) Differences Between Versions
 (2.1) Hardware Requirements
 (3.8) Networking Products


(1.5) High Performance File System (HPFS)

 Why should I use HPFS?  What does it offer me?  Does it work with DOS?

HPFS offers long file names (up to 254 characters including the path,
greatly exceeding the "8 dot 3" limit in DOS's FAT file system), contiguous
storage of extended attributes (without the EA DATA.  SF file used by FAT),
resistance to file fragmentation, improved media error handling, smaller
cluster size, support for larger file storage devices (up to 512 GB), and
speedier disk operation, particularly on large hard disks, on systems with
more than 6 MB of RAM.  HPFS is not case sensitive, although it does
preserve case in file names.

However, HPFS is not currently supported on removeable media, although some
programs (e.g.  BACKUP) preserve long file names on such FAT disks.  Also,
native mode DOS cannot access a HPFS partition.  However, DOS/Windows
sessions running under OS/2 can use all files that conform to the "8 dot 3"
naming conventions, even if they are stored on HPFS volumes.


 Related information:

 (3.4) Disk Utilities
 (4.3) Hard Disk Partitioning
 (4.4) Starting OS/2 from Diskette


(2.1) Hardware Requirements

 What hardware do I need to run IBM OS/2 2.1?  Do I need a PS/2?

You need any PC compatible with at least an 80386SX CPU, 4 MB (6 MB or more
strongly recommended) of RAM, a 60 MB or larger hard disk (with 15-37 MB
free, depending on which features you wish to install), a supported video
adapter (CGA, EGA, VGA, many SuperVGA, 8514/A, XGA, or third party driver)
with appropriate display, and a high density 3.5 or 5.25 inch floppy drive
for installation.  A mouse or other pointing device is strongly
recommended.  Allow extra RAM and hard disk space for OS/2-based networking
[See (3.8) Networking Products], Extended Services [See (3.9) Extended
Services], and/or extra system loads (i.e.  an extraordinary number of
large applications running simultaneously).  When calculating hard disk
space requirements, subtract space occupied by files already on the hard
disk which are functionally included in OS/2 2.1 and may be deleted, e.g.
DOS, a 386 memory manager, Windows 3.1, Adobe Type Manager [See (5.5) Adobe
Type Manager] with base typefaces, etc.

The Workplace Shell (WPS) will not operate with the Monochrome Display
Adapter or the Hercules Monochrome Graphics Adapter.  Usually the WPS will
fail to work with monochrome EGA.  However, some EGA adapters (e.g.
Paradise Monochrome EGA Card, ATI EGA Wonder) will emulate all color EGA
modes on TTL monochrome monitors and, thus, will work with the WPS.  Many
dual monitor configurations are supported; consult IBM for advice.

On (E)ISA bus machines, OS/2 specifically supports hard drive adapters
which conform to the Western Digital chipset interface standard (nearly all
MFM, RLL, IDE, and ESDI adapters) and Adaptec, Future Domain, DPT, and IBM
SCSI adapters.  (True OS/2 2.1 drivers for most SCSI adapters, e.g.
Trantor, Rancho, Procomp, Corel Systems, BusLogic, Seagate, Mylex, CE
Infosys, Ciprico, MediaVision ProAudio Spectrum, and others are available
directly from the adapter manufacturers or from (3.2) Shareware and
Freeware Sources.  A driver for the Always IN-2000 adapter is available by
phoning Columbia Data Products at 407-869-6700.  Columbia also provides the
necessary EPROM and PROM upgrades.)  In addition, "generic" INT13 support
is provided for all other hard disk adapters.  This "generic" support even
embraces such devices as Iomega's Bernoulli and SyQuest's removeable media
products (but for best results contact Iomega or SyQuest for an OS/2 2.1
driver).

OS/2 driver support is available for the following CD-ROM drives:

  o Hitachi

     - CDR-1650S
     - CDR-1750S
     - CDR-3650
     - CDR-3750

  o IBM

     - all models

  o NEC

     - CDR-25
     - CDR-36
     - CDR-37
     - CDR-38
     - CDR-72
     - CDR-73
     - CDR-74
     - CDR-82
     - CDR-83
     - CDR-84

  o Panasonic

     - CR-501
     - LK-MC501S
     - MC501B
     - MC521

  o Pioneer

     - DRM-600
     - DRM-604X

  o Sony

     - CDU-541
     - CDU-561
     - CDU-6111
     - CDU-6211
     - CDU-7211

  o Texel

     - DM-3021
     - DM-3024
     - DM-5021
     - DM-5024

  o Toshiba

     - XM-3201
     - XM-3301
     - XM-3401

when attached to IBM, Future Domain, Adaptec, DPT, or other SCSI adapters
with native OS/2 2.1 support.  The OS/2 CD-ROM support includes audio, ISO
9660/High Sierra, CD-ROM/XA, and Kodak Photo CD compatibility for those
drives which support these standards.

Drivers for non-SCSI Sony CD-ROM drives (e.g.  CDU-535, CDU-31A, and
related models) and Mitsumi CD-ROM drives (and compatibles, e.g.  Tandy
CDR-1000 and DAK) are available from several sources [See (3.2) Shareware
and Freeware Sources].  Storage Devices offers OS/2 drivers for its
parallel port attached peripherals, including its CD-ROM drive.  Corel
Systems offers a set of OS/2 drivers (in its "Corel SCSI" package) for many
more CD-ROM drives, magneto-optical drives, and other SCSI devices when
attached to any of a number of SCSI adapters.  DOS device drivers, when
installed using a specific DOS session [See (5.9) Specific DOS Sessions],
will still provide CD-ROM services to DOS/Windows programs for the
remainder.

See (2.3) Printer Support for information on OS/2 printer and plotter
compatibility.

Version 2.1 is explicitly supported on non-IBM PC compatibles.  IBM is
offering a money back compatibility guarantee in the U.S.  Should OS/2 2.1
fail to work on your compatible within the first 90 days of use, and should
IBM be unable to fix the problem, your purchase price will be refunded.  To
date over 750 non-IBM models have been tested in IBM's own labs.


  Related information:

  (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources
  (3.8) Networking Products
  (3.9) Extended Services
  (5.5) Adobe Type Manager
  (5.9) Specific DOS Sessions


(2.2) SuperVGA Support

 Will OS/2 2.1 work with my SuperVGA adapter?

Consult the OS/2 2.1 Installation Guide and Using the Operating System
manuals for complete information on SuperVGA support.

OS/2 2.1 contains built-in 256 color drivers for most SuperVGA adapters
based on the following chipsets:

 ATI 28800
 Cirrus Logic CL-GD5422 and CL-GD5424
 Headland Technologies HT209
 IBM VGA256C
 Trident Microsystems TVGA8900B and TVGA8900C
 Tseng Labs ET4000
 Western Digital/Paradise WD90C11, WD90C30, and WD90C31 (in WD90C30 mode)

Some SuperVGA adapters (notably ATI's Vantage and Ultra lines) are 8514/A
hardware compatible and will function in 1024x768 256 color mode with
OS/2's built-in 8514/A driver.

Drivers for other SuperVGA adapters (along with installation instructions),
and modified versions of the built-in drivers (such as 16 color versions or
small icon versions) should be available from the adapter vendors directly
or through (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources.  In addition, IBM will be
releasing a set of drivers for SuperVGA adapters based on S3 chipsets to
these public sources.  (However, certain S3-based adapters will require
custom drivers from vendors.)

Regular Windows 3.1 display drivers may be used for the full screen
Win-OS/2 desktop.  To install a Windows 3.1 display driver under Win-OS/2,
simply replace the \OS2\MDOS\WINOS2\SYSTEM\VGA.DRV file with the Windows
.DRV file supplied by the vendor.  (Be sure to make a copy of the original
OS/2-supplied driver file first.)  Note that you may have to use the EXPAND
program supplied with Win-OS/2 to decompress the vendor's .DRV file.

OS/2 2.1 has now routinized the procedure for setting customized refresh
rates using DOS-based utilities.  You will be prompted during installation
of a SuperVGA driver, and you can specify the DOS utility you wish to
execute along with its parameters (if any).  The utility will then be run
whenever you start OS/2 (to reset the SuperVGA adapter as required).


 Related information:

 (2.5) Specific Hardware Recommendations
 (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources
 (5.8) Displaying Background Bitmaps


(2.3) Printer Support

 Will OS/2 2.1 work with my printer?

OS/2 2.1 includes support for Hewlett-Packard LaserJets (including the
LaserJet 4 series), DeskJets (including the new 1200C and 510 models), and
PaintJets; IBM/Lexmark ExecJets, InkJets, Proprinters, Quickwriters,
Quietwriters, Pageprinters, and Laserprinters; Epson dot matrix, ink jet,
and laser printers; Postscript devices; and other printers (e.g.
Panasonic, Okidata) compatible with these families.  A variety of IBM and
HP plotters (including HPGL/2 plotters) is also supported.  Drivers for NEC
dot matrix printers and Canon laser and BubbleJet printers are now
available for download [See (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources or contact
the Canon Support BBS at 714-438-3325].

DOS/Windows printer drivers continue to work for DOS/Windows applications.
OS/2 2.1 includes a large assortment of Windows printer drivers for
Win-OS/2.  If necessary install Windows printer drivers using the Win-OS/2
Control Panel.  OS/2 2.1 and OS/2 1.3 printer drivers are interchangeable
in many cases.

If your printer is not compatible with one of the drivers supplied with
OS/2, check with the printer manufacturer first then with (3.2) Shareware
and Freeware Sources.  If you own an IBM printer, check with the Lexmark
BBS (modem 606-232-5653).

If you are using a Postscript printer, and you are having difficulty
printing under Win-OS/2 3.1, particularly over a network, try adding the
following line to the Postscript section of your WIN.INI file:

 CtrlD=0

If you are having trouble printing generally, see the configuration advice
in (4.1) Installation for assistance.


 Related information:

 (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources
 (4.1) Installation


(2.4) COM3 and COM4 Support

 Can I use COM3 and COM4 in OS/2?

COM3 and COM4 are supported on most PS/2s without any additional effort.
On (E)ISA machines, some additions are required to CONFIG.SYS.  Using a
text editor, include "(port number, base address, interrupt number)"
parameters next to the COM.SYS and VCOM.SYS filenames.  One example:

 DEVICE=C:\OS2\COM.SYS (3,3E8,5) (4,2E8,10)
 DEVICE=C:\OS2\MDOS\VCOM.SYS (3,3E8,5) (4,2E8,10)

Parameters for COM1 and COM2 need not be included (unless they are somehow
nonstandard).  OS/2 must end up with sequentially numbered logical COM
ports, if possible.  For example, if (physical) port two is not installed
but port three or port four is installed, start numbering using (2,...)  in
the DEVICE lines.  See the OS/2 2.1 Using the Operating System manual,
starting on Page 374, for more information on COM ports under OS/2.  If
these efforts fail, try the SIO drivers [available from (3.2) Shareware and
Freeware Sources].  Note that IRQ 2 is actually redirected to IRQ 9 on the
AT bus, so use (...,...,9) in the above COM.SYS and VCOM.SYS settings if
your serial port is set to use IRQ 2.

Note that AT bus COM ports cannot be used at the same time if they share
interrupts because of bus design limitations (cf.  "Under the Hood:  How
Interrupts Work," Byte, February, 1992).  An adapter which provides more
flexibility in interrupt selection [e.g.  the 16-bit model from STB; See
(2.5) Specific Hardware Recommendations] may prove helpful.  Also, PolyCom,
a replacement driver available from (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources,
supports up to eight ports with the right hardware.

"Smart" (coprocessor controlled) multiport communication adapters should be
used when installing more than four ports.  Such an adapter will work with
OS/2 if the manufacturer has written an appropriate driver.  Examples
include:

  Company           Telephone Number

  IBM (ARTIC)       (800) PS2-2227
  Digiboard         [phone]
  Stargate          [phone]
  Arnet             [phone]
  Computone         [phone]
  Comtrol           [phone]
  CTC Systems       [phone]
  Equinox           [phone]
  I-Concepts        [phone]
  Specialix         [phone]
  Stallion          [phone]


  Related information:

  (2.5) Specific Hardware Recommendations
  (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources


(2.5) Specific Hardware Recommendations

 Are there any specific hardware recommendations?

Here are some of the peripherals and adapters that are particularly well
suited to OS/2.  Some true bargains are included.  Prices do not include
shipping and handling.

o CatsEye/X XGA-2 Adapter.  An AT bus display adapter with the latest IBM
P2 XGA-2 chipset, providing superior performance and the best driver
support under OS/2.  Price:  $249 from FutureComm (phone [phone] or
FAX [phone]; ask for John Jaser).  A Microchannel version is available
from IBM for a comparable price.

o ATI 8514/A Compatible Display Adapters.  Harmony Computers (phone
800-441-1144 or 718-692-2828) is advertising two of ATI's 8514/A hardware
compatible Mach8 display adapters.  Both operate in 1024x768 256 color mode
at up to 72 Hz noninterlaced using the OS/2 8514/A driver.  (Confirm,
though, that these adapters have the full megabyte of video memory for the
Mach8 processor, required for OS/2 operation.)  The ATI 8514/Ultra ($179)
is designed to work in both Microchannel and AT bus machines and, while it
uses fast VRAM video memory, it does not contain onboard VGA circuitry.  A
separate VGA or SuperVGA display adapter, with passthrough connector, is
required.  The ATI Graphics Ultra ($199) also uses VRAM, has onboard
SuperVGA circuitry, and works with AT bus computers.  Computer Discount
Warehouse (tel.  [phone], FAX [phone]) offers the 2 MB DRAM
version of the ATI Graphics Ultra Plus for just $239.55.  The ATI GUP
includes the more recent (and faster) Mach32 coprocessor, yet it is still
8514/A hardware compatible.  CDW also sells the ATI Graphics Vantage (a
DRAM version of the original Graphics Ultra) for only $158.41.  Both the
Vantage and GUP are AT bus adapters.

o Western Digital EtherCard Plus.  An 8-bit ethernet adapter (meaning
you'll need a free, lower interrupt).  IBM LAN software (like TCP/IP)
includes an EtherCard Plus driver -- no need to go searching.  Price:  $49
from Hi-Tech (phone [phone]).  Not the fastest, but probably among the
least expensive and best supported.

o NEC CDR-25 CD-ROM Drive with SCSI Interface.  An external, portable
CD-ROM drive (with optional battery back available).  Compatible with ISO
9660/High Sierra, audio, CD-ROM/XA, and single session Kodak Photo CD.
Speed:  650 ms average access time, 150K/second sustained data transfer
rate.  Does not use CD-ROM caddies.  Price:  $219 from ICP Corp.  (phone
908-613-4444).  An 8-bit Trantor SCSI adapter and cable is $39 extra.
(CompUSA is reportedly selling the CDR-25 for $179, excluding adapter.)  A
slightly faster (450 ms) drive, the NEC CDR-36, is available with cable and
Trantor SCSI adapter for $288 from ERM Liquidators (phone [phone]).
This model does not support Kodak Photo CD, however.

o Toshiba CD-ROM Drive.  The latest, super fast (200 ms average access
time; 300K+/second sustained data transfer rate) Toshiba CD-ROM drive,
Model XM-3401, is available from many dealers for about $500 (internal
model; external model is priced higher).  The Toshiba is the best choice
when performance is critical.

o SCSI Adapters Two good values are the Adaptec 1522 (available for about
$95 from many dealers, including MegaHaus, phone [phone]) and the
Future Domain 1680 (only $129 from Computability, phone [phone] or FAX
414-357-7814).  Both are 16-bit AT bus SCSI-2 adapters with on board
diskette controllers, and both are supported by drivers that ship with OS/2
2.1.  Neither use DMA [see (2.6) More Than 16 MB RAM].

o Wangtek Tape Drives.  Super Technologies (phone [phone]) offers a
seven month warranty on several Wangtek SCSI tape drives.  The Wangtek
5150ES (250 MB) is $295, the 5525ES (525 MB) is $495, and the 6200HS (2 GB
DAT) model is $650.  All will work with GTAK tape backup software [See
(3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources] when attached to an OS/2 supported
SCSI adapter.

o Irwin Accutrack Tape Drive with EZTape/PM.  Several dealers offer the
Irwin Accutrack series of tape drives bundled with EZTape for DOS, Windows,
and OS/2.  Prices start at about $200.

o 16550AFN Buffered UART Serial Port Adapters.  Improves high speed serial
communications performance.  Price:  $35 for a two port adapter from
Zero-One Networking (phone [phone]).  Ask about adapters with parallel
ports.

o Four Port 16550AFN Buffered UART Serial Adapter.  The STB 4-COM adapter
is available for $119 delivered by calling 800-735-5266 Ext.  64.  The
16-bit STB adapter provides four buffered serial ports, each with an
independently selectable interrupt and address.  IRQs above 7 are supported
for each port.  Up to two of these adapters may be installed in the same
system (for up to eight buffered serial ports).  Four six inch 8-pin DIN to
DB9 male converter cables are supplied.  Fifteen month manufacturer's
warranty and free technical support from STB.

o Creative Labs SoundBlaster.  Original (Revision 2.0), Pro, and 16ASP
models are available from many suppliers and provide audio output for OS/2
multimedia applications.  Prices range from about $90 to $250.

o IBM M-Audio Adapter.  Available in either AT bus or Microchannel models
for the same price.  Provides compact disc quality audio reproduction and
recording capabilities under OS/2.  Price:  $235 from IBM Direct (phone
800-IBM-2YOU) or $222 from IBM Educational Sales (phone [phone]).

o MediaVision ProAudio Spectrum 16.  The PAS 16, as it is known, offers
compact disc quality audio reproduction and recording capabilities and an
on board SCSI port (for CD-ROM drives and other peripherals).  Available
from several dealers for about $150.  The Logitech SoundMan 16 is identical
to the PAS 16 (and sometimes less expensive), although it does not include
a SCSI port.  MediaVision's new ProAudio Studio, a more expensive adapter,
is also supported under OS/2 2.1.  All three are AT bus adapters.


  Related information:

  (2.1) Hardware Requirements
  (2.2) SuperVGA Support
  (2.4) COM3 and COM4 Support
  (2.6) More Than 16 MB RAM
  (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources


(2.6) More Than 16 MB RAM

 Can I use more than 16 MB of RAM?

OS/2 2.1 will address all the RAM in your system.  If the BIOS recognizes
the memory, OS/2 will find it and use it.

However, on certain systems the RAM beyond the 16 MB boundary may be used
as a fast swap area.  OS/2 relies on its swap file, SWAPPER.DAT, to hold
code and data which cannot fit into real memory (i.e.  to provide virtual
memory).  If the swap file can only be accessed via a hard disk adapter
which uses 24-bit DMA for disk access (e.g.  the Adaptec 154x series), then
the system must move code and data below the 16 MB boundary before it can
write it to disk.  This "double move" is costly (in terms of performance),
and often OS/2 will merely use all the RAM above the 16 MB boundary as a
fast swap area (before writing to disk) to avoid the problem.  It is up to
the hard disk adapter driver, however, to decide how to handle this
situation.

Only AT bus adapters are limited to 24-bit DMA.  Microchannel, EISA, and
other 32-bit adapters are not so limited.  Moreover, only a select few AT
bus hard disk adapters utilize DMA.  Nearly all MFM, RLL, and IDE adapters,
and many SCSI adapters, do not use DMA for disk access.

Suffice it to say that, regardless of your present hardware, OS/2 will take
advantage of it as best it can.  However, if you are planning new hardware
purchases, you may wish to take this particular hardware design limitation
into account.  Specifically, if you plan to install more than 16 MB of RAM
in your system, either choose a 32-bit hard disk adapter (Microchannel or
EISA, for example) or choose an AT bus adapter which does not utilize DMA
for disk access (a standard IDE adapter, an Adaptec 152x series SCSI
adapter, or a Future Domain SCSI adapter, for example).


 Related information:

 (2.5) Specific Hardware Recommendations


(2.7) Device Driver List

 What device drivers are available that aren't included with OS/2?

(This section will be completed in a future release of the OS/2 Frequently
Asked Questions List.)


 Related information:

 (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources


(3.1) Applications

 What applications are available for OS/2?

In addition to the thousands of applications available for DOS and Windows,
there are a couple thousand OS/2-specific applications representing almost
every category imaginable.

The DOS/Windows applications with 16-bit OS/2-specific counterparts
include:

  o Aldus

     - Pagemaker

  o AutoDesk

     - AutoCAD

  o Borland

     - Sidekick
     - Paradox
     - Brief

  o Corel Systems

     - CorelDraw

  o DeScribe

     - Word Publisher

  o FutureSoft

     - DynaComm

  o Hilgraeve

     - HyperAccess/5

  o IBM

     - DisplayWrite
     - DisplayWrite Composer

  o Informix

     - Wingz

  o JP Software

     - 4OS2 (4DOS for OS/2)

  o Lotus Development

     - 1-2-3
     - Freelance Graphics
     - Notes
     - cc:Mail

  o Micrographx

     - Designer

  o Microrim

     - R:Base

  o Microsoft

     - Word
     - Excel
     - Multiplan
     - Mail

  o New England Software

     - Graph-in-the-Box

  o Omen

     - Pro-YAM

  o Oracle

     - Database

  o SAS Institute

     - SAS

  o SemWare

     - QEdit

  o SPSS Inc.

     - SPSS

  o Ventura

     - Publisher

  o WordPerfect Corp.

     - WordPerfect

and many others.  In some cases DOS and OS/2 versions ship together (e.g.
Microsoft Word 5.5, Lotus 1-2-3 3.0, Wingz).

OS/2 2.1 provides an attractive, 32-bit, Workplace Shell environment for
new applications; many do not have DOS/Windows predecessors.  This new
class of 32-bit applications will (or does) include:

  o Borland

     - ObjectVision
     - C++

  o Computer Associates

     - ACCPAC Simply Accounting
     - Compete!
     - Consensus
     - dBFast
     - Realizer
     - SuperProject
     - Telon/PWS
     - Textor
     - Unicenter

  o Corel Systems

     - CorelDraw

  o DeScribe

     - Word Publisher

  o Hilgraeve

     - HyperAccess/PM

  o Lotus Development

     - 1-2-3
     - Freelance Graphics
     - Notes
     - cc:Mail
     - Ami Pro

  o Microformatic

     - Fax/PM

  o Micrographx

     - Draw
     - Designer
     - (All others)

  o Microrim

     - R:Base

  o Proportional Software

     - DCF/2 (disk compression)

  o SofNet

     - Faxworks

  o Spinnaker

     - PFS:Works

  o Stac Electronics

     - Stacker

  o Symantec

     - Norton Commander
     - Zortech C++

  o Vienna Software Publishing

     - N/Joy: The World of Objects

  o WordPerfect Corp.

     - WordPerfect
     - Office
     - Presentations

  o ZSoft (WordStar)

     - Publisher's Paintbrush

and many more.  Over 1200 new 32-bit OS/2 2.1 applications have been
released to date.

OS/2-specific versions of popular utilities include ZIP/UNZIP, ARC, LHA,
Zoo 2.1, many GNU tools, tens of different file finders, desktop clocks,
calculators, and many more.  Programming languages include Assembler, C++,
COBOL, Pascal, C, Fortran, BASIC, REXX (included with every copy of OS/2
2.1), Icon, Smalltalk, Modula-2, LISP, Ada, Prolog, Forth, and still more,
from vendors such as Borland, Clarion, Watcom, Symantec (through its
Zortech subsidiary), IBM, Microway, and many more.  Two free ports of the
32-bit GNU C/C++ compiler, GCC/2 and EMX/GCC, are available [See (3.2)
Shareware and Freeware Sources].  Fortran to C (f2c) and Pascal to C (p2c)
translators are also available.  (See the Programmer's Edition of this List
for more information.)

The IBM PC Company BBS (404-835-6600) provides an online product database
of OS/2-specific software.  A directory of OS/2 applications, IBM document
number G362-0029, is published by Graphics Plus (phone 800-READ-OS2).  The
OS/2 Development Tools Guide is available free of charge by calling the IBM
Developer Assistance Program at [phone].  TINF [See (3.2) Shareware
and Freeware Sources] is an applications directory (for use with the OS/2
VIEW facility).


  Related information:

  (1.3) DOS and Windows Compatibility
  (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources


(3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources

 Where can I obtain OS/2 shareware and freeware?

See (4.11) OS/2 BBSes for information on bulletin board systems that
support OS/2.

On the Internet, the Usenet conference comp.binaries.os2 carries OS/2
software.  And several sites are available via anonymous ftp.  (No ftp?
Send a single line message with the word HELP to [e-mail] or
[e-mail] to learn about ftp mail servers.)  Some are (with
Internet node numbers and subdirectories):


  ftp-os2.cdrom.com              192.153.46.254   /os2

  ftp-os2.nmsu.edu               128.123.35.151   pub/os2

  software.watson.ibm.com        129.34.139.5     pub/os2

  mtsg.ubc.ca                    137.82.27.1      os2:

  access.usask.ca                128.233.3.1      pub/archives/os2

  luga.latrobe.edu.au            131.172.2.2      pub/os2

  funic.funet.fi                 128.214.6.100    pub/os2

  pdsoft.lancs.ac.uk             148.88.64.2      micros/ibmpc/os2

  ftp.uni-stuttgart.de           129.69.1.12      soft/os2

  src.doc.ic.ac.uk               146.169.2.1      computing/systems/os2

  zaphod.cs.uwindsor.ca          137.207.224.3    pub/local/os2

  ftp.luth.se                    130.240.18.2     pub/pc/os2

  ftp.informatik.tu-muenchen.de  131.159.0.198    /pub/comp/os/os2


The ftp-os2.nmsu.edu library is available on CD-ROM from Walnut Creek
(phone [phone]).  EMS (phone [phone]) offers an OS/2
shareware/freeware library on diskette.

Other sources include CompuServe (FIND OS/2) and archive servers (send a
single line message with the word HELP to [e-mail] or
[e-mail] for more information, or use ftp).
TRICKLE servers are also available outside the United States.  For more
information on TRICKLE services, including automatic file subscription
procedures, send a single line message with the word HELP to any one of the
following sites nearest you:

  Country       Address
  Austria       [e-mail]
  Belgium       [e-mail]
  Colombia      [e-mail]
  France        [e-mail]
  Germany       [e-mail]
  Israel        [e-mail]
  Italy         [e-mail]
  Netherlands   [e-mail]
  Sweden        [e-mail]
  Turkey        [e-mail]
                [e-mail]

IBM has been releasing freely distributable employee written software (e.g.
Visual REXX) and OS/2 patches to these sites.


  Related information:

  (3.3)  "Must Have" Shareware and Freeware
  (3.5)  Running a BBS Under OS/2
  (3.7)  Viruses
  (4.6)  Corrective Service Diskettes
  (4.11) OS/2 BBSes


(3.3) "Must Have" Shareware and Freeware

 What are the "must have" shareware and freeware titles?

Here are some of the shareware and freeware selections that have proven
popular among OS/2 users.  Where available, an approximate filename is
provided.  However, since version numbers are changing frequently, please
bear in mind that some of this information may be dated.  Also, please
register any shareware you use -- your support will ensure a continuing
supply of capable OS/2 shareware.

o OS2Exec (OS2EXEC.ZIP):  Start any OS/2 program from any OS/2 DOS session.

o Worldwide OS/2 BBS List (OS2WORLD.ZIP):  List of BBSes around the world
where OS/2 is the predominant area of discussion and where large OS/2
software archives are held.

o 4OS2 Version 1.1 (4OS232.ZIP):  A replacement command interpreter from JP
Software.  A must for command line users.

o StartD (STARTD.ZIP):  Provides the capability to start DOS sessions with
specific, custom DOS Settings from the OS/2 command line.

o Icon Extractor (ICON_160.ZIP):  Converts Windows icons to OS/2 format.
Icons can be extracted from Windows executables.  Assigns icons via drag
and drop.  Deletes undeleteable objects.

o Mr.  File/PM (MRFILEPM.ZIP):  File manager and program launcher.

o Workplace Shell Backup (WPSBK7.ZIP):  Backup the OS/2 desktop.

o Extended Attributes Backup (EABK202.ZIP):  Saves extended attributes so
that non-EA aware backup software preserves all necessary OS/2 data.

o Visual REXX (VREXX2.ZIP):  Provides the ability to write REXX programs
which use Presentation Manager windows, scroll bars, menus, and other
features.

o Icon Programming Language (ICON88.ZIP):  A simple yet powerful
programming language for many platforms, including OS/2.  Supports
graphical applications.

o EMX/GCC (various):  Powerful C/C++ compiler with programming aids and
enhanced libraries.

o Enhanced Editor Toolkit and Accessories (various):  Add-ons to the
Enhanced Editor (EPM) which provide editor macro capabilities,
documentation, and various accessories.

o INI Maintenance (INIMNT1E.ZIP):  Edit and maintain your vital OS/2 INI
files.

o Info-Zip's UnZip 5.0 (UNZ50X32.EXE):  Extract files from ZIP archives.
PKZip 2.x compatible.  Supports extended attributes.  Companion utility,
Zip 1.9, also available.

o GTAK GNU tar (GTAK212.ZIP):  Tape archive (backup and restore) utility.
Supports SCSI tape drives.

o MR/2 ( MR2_139.ZIP):  Reader for BBS QWK mail packets.

o TE/2 (TE2_123.ZIP):  A full featured terminal emulation and modem
communications program.

o PMComm (PMCOM110.ZIP):  As full featured as TE/2, but with a Presentation
Manager interface.

o C-Kermit 5A(188) (CK5A188.ZIP):  A terminal emulation and modem
communications program featuring the Kermit file transfer protocol.

o SIO COM Drivers (SIO100.ZIP):  Replacement serial port drivers which
offer enhanced performance.

o McAfee's Virus Scan (OSCN102.ZIP):  Detects viruses.  Companion Virus
Clean and Net Scan utilities also available.

o Minesweeper (DMINE110.ZIP):  A game which requires you to avoid the mines
in a minefield.  Several other versions are available.

o Galleria (GALLERIA.ZIP):  Graphics manipulation and screen capture
utility.

o FracInt 17.2 (PMFRA2.ZIP):  Render fractal images.  Also converts among
several image formats.

o IBM Configurator and Pricer (ICPAUSA.ZIP):  Prices IBM personal computer
systems and accessories.

o PS/2 Assistant (PS2AST72.ZIP):  Provides information on most of the IBM
personal computer product line, including OS/2.

o Install B (INSTB.ZIP):  Allows installation of OS/2 from 3.5 inch media
when Drive A is a 5.25 inch high density floppy drive and Drive B is a 3.5
inch high density floppy drive.

o emTeX (various):  Provides professional typesetting and document
composition.

o BlackHole (BLAKHOL3.ZIP):  A Workplace Shell object that destroys
anything dragged to it.

o CONFIG.SYS Editor (CFGED1B.ZIP):  A Presentation Manager utility which
eases CONFIG.SYS editing.

o BootOS2 (BOOT2X.ZIP):  Creates an OS/2 bootable diskette.

o psPM (PSPM2.ZIP):  Displays a graphical representation of the processes
running on an OS/2 system and allows termination of any or all.

o Workplace Shell Tools (WPTOOL02.ZIP):  Creates or deletes standard
Workplace Shell objects.

o GhostScript PM (GS252PM.ZIP):  Postscript interpreter and viewer.

o OS2You (OS2YOU27.ZIP):  OS/2 remote control over a modem or LAN
connection.  Companion program PM2You, for control of graphical
applications, including DOS and Windows, is also available.

o UUPC/Extended (various):  Provides uucp connection for mail, news, and
other services.

o TedP (TEDP090.ZIP):  Text editor, under 10K in size -- perfect for an
emergency boot diskette.

o BookShelf (BOOKSHLF.ZIP):  Utility which presents a coherent menu of all
available INF files on your system.

o VSwitch (VSWITCH.ZIP):  A task list for full screen sessions.


  Related information:

  (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources


(3.4) Disk Utilities

 Is there a Norton Utilities for OS/2?

Not yet, although Norton Desktop, Norton Utilities, and Norton Commander
all work under OS/2 2.1's DOS/Windows sessions [with limitations; See (1.3)
DOS and Windows Compatibility].  Also, Norton Commander is now available
for OS/2 2.1.

However, the GammaTech Utilities should fill the role.  Contact their
publisher at 405-359-1219.  Note that OS/2 2.1 has a built-in UnDelete
utility (see the online Command Reference), and HPFS is resistant to
fragmentation [See (1.5) High Performance File System].


 Related information:

 (1.3) DOS and Windows Compatibility
 (1.5) High Performance File System


(3.5) Running a BBS Under OS/2

 I would like to set up an OS/2 BBS.  What is available?

OS/2 is an excellent environment for BBS operation (even using DOS/Windows
software), including large multiline facilities.  Related software will
enable FidoNet capabilities, gateways to Usenet/UUCP, nodelist processing,
additional file transfer protocols, and more.

Five popular OS/2-specific BBSes are Maximus and Simplex [available from
(3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources), Omega Point/2 (BBS 404-564-1961),
Magnum (phone [phone], BBS 818-706-9805), and Multi-Net (phone
503-883-8099, BBS 503-883-8197).

For more information on operating a BBS under OS/2 (with conferences
devoted to the subject) log on to one of the OS/2 BBSes listed in (4.11)
OS/2 BBSes.


 Related information:

 (2.4)  COM3 and COM4 Support
 (4.11) OS/2 BBSes


(3.6) Multimedia (MMPM/2)

 What do I need for OS/2 multimedia applications?

OS/2 2.1 includes both the Win-OS/2 multimedia extensions and MMPM/2, the
OS/2 multimedia extensions, at no extra charge.  OS/2 2.1's MMPM/2 includes
software motion video support for both IBM Ultimotion and Intel Indeo
files.  Software motion video provides playback of video clips in a window
under OS/2.  (Video for Windows will operate correctly under Win-OS/2, but
Ultimotion is far more capable than Video for Windows.  Ultimotion supports
higher frame rates, larger image sizes, better synchronization of video and
audio, and, often, simultaneous playback of two or more video clips, even
with background tasks running.)  An accelerated display adapter and a fast
processor can help improve the quality of software motion video.

Drivers for the Creative Labs SoundBlaster series, MediaVision ProAudio
series, and IBM M-Audio Capture and Playback Adapter are provided with
MMPM/2.  Other drivers should be available from (3.2) Shareware and
Freeware Sources, or contact your adapter vendor for information on OS/2
driver support.  (MediaVision will be releasing a patch which allows the
Creative Labs Soundblaster driver to operate with SoundBlaster clones, like
their own ThunderBoard.  The original SoundBlaster and certain ATI
SoundBlaster clones may require a low cost upgrade from the manufacturer to
work with MMPM/2.)  A driver for the PC speaker will be released by IBM in
June, 1993, but this driver demands a huge amount of processor attention
and does not provide the fidelity that audio adapters do.

Note that the MediaVision ProAudio Spectrum Plus operates correctly when
using the built-in MMPM/2 ProAudio Spectrum 16 driver.  However, to obtain
full functionality you must change the PARAMSTRING line in the
[ibmwavepas1601] section of the file \MMOS2\MMPM2.INI after installation of
MMPM/2.  Using a text editor (like the OS/2 System Editor), change the line
so that BPS=8 instead of BPS=16.  This change causes MMPM/2 to default to
8-bit audio (since the ProAudio Spectrum Plus does not support 16-bit
audio).

MMPM/2 drivers should also be available for Digitan and Omni sound
adapters, directly from their manufacturers.  VideoLogic's (phone
617-494-0530) DVA-4000 supports video capture and video display in OS/2
windows as does New Media Graphics's (phone [phone]) Super
VideoWindows.  Tecmar (phone [phone] or 216-349-1009, or FAX
216-349-0851) offers various OS/2 multimedia products, including the
ProSound audio adapter.

REXX programs [see (5.11) REXX] can be used to play, record, and manipulate
MMPM/2 audio and video files.  For more information on REXX and MMPM/2,
consult the online Multimedia with REXX document (located in the Multimedia
folder).

More information on IBM's OS/2 multimedia extensions (MMPM/2) and tools,
Ultimotion, multimedia hardware, and IBM multimedia titles (e.g.
Illuminated Manuscript) is available through IBM's Multimedia Office (phone
800-426-9402 ext.  150).


 Related information:

 (1.3)  DOS and Windows Compatibility
 (2.5)  Specific Hardware Recommendations
 (3.2)  Shareware and Freeware Sources
 (4.5)  Technical Support
 (5.11) REXX


(3.7) Viruses

 Should I worry about viruses when running OS/2 2.1?

At present there are no OS/2-specific viruses.  However, DOS/Windows
viruses can conceivably infect an OS/2 2.1 system.  DOS/Windows antivirus
tools are just as useful in preventing such infection.  Also, IBM has an
antivirus package (AntiVirus/2) which runs under OS/2 directly (without
DOS/Windows emulation).  McAfee's OS/2 SCAN and CLEAN have been released,
as has Dr.  Solomon's Antivirus Toolkit for OS/2 from Ontrack Systems.
Others (Dr.  Cohen, for example) are in development.

But OS/2 2.1 is likely to be much more resistant to viruses because of its
design.  Viruses running in one virtual DOS/Windows session are likely to
be confined to that session.  Low level disk access is curtailed under OS/2
2.1, thus preventing most virus infection at that level.  And when a
DOS/Windows virus does trigger, it is far less likely to disrupt the entire
system.  In fact, OS/2 is most vulnerable when it isn't in charge (i.e.
when native DOS is being used).  A DOS virus then has free reign to write
to the hard disk and possibly disable OS/2.  The greater risk comes from
leaving OS/2.

OS/2 2.1 is by no means virus proof -- no system is.  But it should prove
more resistant to virus infection.


 Related information:

 (1.3) DOS and Windows Compatibility


(3.8) Networking Products

 What networking products are available for OS/2 2.1?

In addition to DOS/Windows products, OS/2-specific TCP/IP support is
available from IBM (phone 800-IBM-CALL), Essex Systems (phone
508-532-5511), FTP Software (send mail to [e-mail]), and others.  (A
freeware SLIP implementation, PMNOS, is available; see (3.2) Shareware and
Freeware Sources.)  The NetWare Workstation Kit 2.01 for OS/2 is available
from Novell (phone [phone]) and IBM for a small charge; it is also
available free of charge from (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources.  Note
that NetWare 4.0 Server (including all the NLMs) can run alongside OS/2 2.1
at the same time, making OS/2 2.1 the only operating system providing
nondedicated NetWare 4.0 server and client capability (a boon for
administration and dual LAN Server/NetWare servers, for example).  IBM
offers both NetWare and LAN Server 3.0 (Basic and Advanced) with LAN
requesters.  Microsoft sells LAN Manager (which comes bundled with OS/2
1.3).  An OS/2 2.1 LAN Manager Requester, part no.  96F8359, is available
from IBM; Microsoft offers a similar requester with LAN Manager 2.1a (or
later).  DEC sells Pathworks (Version 2.0b) for OS/2.  Banyan Vines 5.5 (or
later) includes an OS/2 2.x requester.

OS/2 NDIS MAC drivers for most network adapters are available from (3.2)
Shareware and Freeware Sources, as well as vax.ftp.com via Internet
anonymous ftp.  Drivers for 3Com adapters are available via anonymous ftp
from ftp.3com.com, from the 3Com Support BBS, or from CompuServe (GO
THREECOM).  Drivers for Cabletron adapters are available via anonymous ftp
from ftp.ctron.com.

Peer-to-peer networking under OS/2 2.1 is best accomplished (at the moment)
with either a TCP/IP or APPN product, like IBM's TCP/IP or Communications
Manager/2, respectively.  TCP/IP (with NFS) is available for nearly all
platforms, so it is a particularly good choice in a mixed environment.
Artisoft is reportedly working on an OS/2 version of LANtastic; contact the
company for details.  Note that LANtastic 5.0 can run in an OS/2 2.1 DOS
session, providing either client or server capability (including access to
HPFS long filenames for DOS clients).  IBM may have its own offering in the
near future (a repackaging and upgrade of the peer-to-peer support already
provided in LAN Server 3.0).  This support can interoperate with Microsoft
Windows for Workgroups.

Infoworld recently called OS/2 the best PC operating system for networking
in a mixed environment (i.e.  with multiple network protocols and/or
platforms).  With IBM's Network Transport Services/2 at the base (i.e.  by
working through a single NDIS interface, using "shims" if necessary),
multiple network protocols can share the same network adapter under OS/2,
avoiding contention.  OS/2 is equally adept as network client, server,
and/or peer.  It is flexible enough to meet the needs of almost any network
user.


 Related information:

 (1.3)  DOS and Windows Compatibility
 (3.2)  Shareware and Freeware Sources
 (3.9)  Extended Services
 (3.12) Multiuser Extensions and Security
 (5.9)  Specific DOS Sessions


(3.9) Extended Services

 What is Extended Services?

Prior to Version 2.0, IBM offered two separate packages with each release
of OS/2:  Standard Edition and Extended Edition.  Extended Edition included
extra, bundled software products:  the Communications Manager (for
communication with IBM mainframes, minicomputers, and other hosts),
Database Manager (a full, network aware, relational database), and LAN
Requester.

IBM has now unbundled the Extended Edition features, dropped LAN Requester
from the package (now available separately, with IBM's LAN Server), updated
it for OS/2 2.x, and renamed it Extended Services 1.0.  ES, by itself, no
longer includes the base operating system as Extended Edition once did.

This new arrangement makes it easier to update the base operating system
with CSDs [See (4.6) Corrective Service Diskettes].  And now ES 1.0 will
run under OS/2 1.3 Standard Edition as well as OS/2 2.x.  Also, ES 1.0,
like OS/2 2.x itself, is designed to operate on both IBM and non-IBM
systems [See (2.1) Hardware Requirements].

While Extended Services will remain available, IBM has decided to further
separate the ES components.  DB/2, a full 32-bit relational database, is
available separately as a replacement for ES's Database Manager.
Communication Manager/2 is now also available by itself.  With each
component available "a la carte," you can configure your OS/2 system to
your exact specifications (almost always at a lower cost), and you are free
to substitute similar products from other vendors (so you aren't locked
into IBM's offerings).


 Related information:

 (1.2) Differences Between Versions
 (2.1) Hardware Requirements
 (3.8) Networking Products
 (4.6) Corrective Service Diskettes


(3.10) Special Software Offers

 Are there any special software offers I should know about?

Here are some of the OS/2 software products that represent particularly
good values.  Most prices do not include shipping and handling.

o FaxWorks.  SofNet is offering a native OS/2 fax application which
supports faxing from DOS, Windows, and OS/2 applications.  SendFax, Class
1, Class 2, Brooktree, Intel, and other faxmodems are supported.  The
standalone version is just $99 direct from SofNet (phone 800-4FAXWORKS or
404-984-8088, or FAX [phone]); ask about network versions.

o Novastor's Novaback Tape Backup Software.  This package supports a wide
variety of tape drives, but check ahead to see if yours is supported.
Available for $112 from Programmer's Connection, phone [phone] or
216-494-8715.

o IBM C Set ++.  IBM has released its C++ compiler for OS/2 at a special
price.  Through August 31, C Set ++ is $175 on diskette, $149 on CD-ROM.
To order call 800-342-6672 in the U.S.  or 800-465-7999 in Canada.  Outside
North America, contact your local IBM dealer.  C Set ++ on diskette is IBM
Part No.  61G1175; on CD-ROM, 61G1412.

o Borland C++ for OS/2.  Available from Below Zero in Calgary (phone
800-461-2777, 403-547-0669, or FAX [phone]) for about $136 U.S.,
including shipping.  Add GST in Canada.  Below Zero will export outside
North America.

o IBM PL/I.  Not everyone is a PL/I programmer, but IBM is offering free
copies of Workframe/2 with every purchase and free product videos.  Phone
800-426-3346 ext.  STL10 for more information on the two packages
available.

o IBM TCP/IP for OS/2.  The universal peer-to-peer networking solution.  In
the United States the base package is available for $131 from IBM Direct
(phone 800-IBM-2-YOU); NFS (for disk sharing) and X Windows add-ons are $95
each.  Part numbers are 02G6968, 02G6970, and 02G6980, respectively.  Both
3.5 inch and 5.25 inch media are included in each package.  Additional
license certificates are available at a lower cost.

o New Lotus Applications.  Lotus 1-2-3 2.0 and Freelance Graphics 2.0 for
OS/2 are now available.  These 32-bit, Workplace Shell and HPFS aware
applications are available at the same prices as the DOS and Windows
counterparts.  For educational discounts in the United States contact
Douglas Stewart Co.  (phone [phone]).

o Imara ScanTool.  Imara Research Corp.  is offering its OS/2 ScanTool
software at a special price of $99 with a 30 day money back guarantee.
Works with HP ScanJet, ScanJet Plus, ScanJet IIP, and ScanJet IIC scanners.
Saves files as PCX, raw TIFF, or compressed TIFF.  Phone Imara at
416-581-1740 (or FAX [phone]) for more information or to order.

o DeScribe.  DeScribe 4.0, the first 32-bit Workplace Shell and HPFS aware
word processor for OS/2, is available for $275 from the IBM OS/2 Hotline
(phone 800-3-IBM-OS2).  To qualify for this price you must have purchased
something else (anything else, e.g.  the $15 March OS/2 2.1 Beta CD-ROM)
through the Hotline.  The price includes any minor maintenance and the next
full release of DeScribe.  DeScribe is also available at the educational
price of $125 by calling 800-448-1586 or 916-646-1111, or by FAX at
916-923-3447; ask for Monica.

o Conner Backup Exec.  Conner, through some recent acquisitions, has
obtained expertise in OS/2 backup software.  Backup Exec is the latest
effort, on sale at a special price of $69.  Call 800-468-2587 for more
information or to order.

o Corel Draw 2.5.  Corel Systems has dropped the price of Corel Draw 2.5
for OS/2 to just $199 (list).

o Corel SCSI Software.  Corel Systems offers a SCSI driver package which
will give you additional support for removeable media (such as
magneto-optical drives) under OS/2 (and DOS).  This package is available
for $64.95 from Computability (phone [phone] or FAX [phone]).

o PFS:Works.  Spinnaker has slashed the price of PFS:Works for OS/2, an
integrated software package providing word processing, spreadsheet,
charting, database, and communications functions.  Many dealers are
carrying PFS:Works for OS/2 for under $40, including Indelible Blue (phone
919-834-7005, FAX [phone]).

o WordPerfect 5.2.  WordPerfect Corp.  will ship WordPerfect 5.2 for OS/2
in June, 1993.  If you already have WordPerfect 5.2 for Windows, you may
obtain the diskettes for the OS/2 version for about $25, thanks to
WordPerfect's generous multiplatform license.  (A manual is extra.)
Contact WordPerfect for details, including educational and nonupgrade
pricing.  WordPerfect can be reached at 800-451-5151 or FAX [phone].

o Norton Commander.  Through June 30, Symantec is offering the Norton
Commander for OS/2 for just $49.  Norton Commander is a file manager and
menuing system.  To order phone [phone] or FAX [phone].

o Relish.  Relish is a 32-bit PIM (personal information manager), handling
scheduling and calendar functions.  Relish is now available for only $69
directly from Sundial Systems; mention the "OS/2 User Group Birthday
Special" when ordering.  A demonstration version of Relish is available
from (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources.

o IBM DB2/2.  The single user version of IBM's Database 2 for OS/2 is on
sale through August 31 for just $199 (part no.  62G3648).  This powerful,
32-bit database is the successor to the Database Manager found in Extended
Services.  Server versions are available.


  Related information:

  (3.1) Applications
  (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources


(3.11) Backup Software

 What backup software is available?

Generally DOS backup programs will work under OS/2 2.1, but they may not
capture some OS/2 data (especially extended attributes) on the hard disk
without the assistance of utilities such as EABackup [See (3.2) Shareware
and Freeware Sources].

OS/2 backup tools are available, notably:


  Software Title           Company              Telephone

  PMTape and PS2Tape       IBM                  (800) IBM-CALL

  Sytos Plus               Sytron               [phone]
                                                BBS [phone]

  EZTape and Backup Exec   Irwin (Conner)       [phone]

  DMS/Intelligent Backup   Sterling             [phone]

  FileSafe                 Mountain             [phone]

  KeepTrack Plus           Finot                [phone]

  Back in a Flash!         CCT Inc.             [phone]

  NovaBack                 NovaStor             [phone]

  OBackup                  ?                    See (3.2) Shareware and
                                                Freeware Sources

  BackMaster               MSR Development      [phone]

  MaynStream               Maynard              [phone]


The OS/2 BACKUP utility is best used from an OS/2 diskette boot [See (4.4)
Starting OS/2 from Diskette].


 Related information:

 (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources
 (4.4) Starting OS/2 from Diskette


(3.12) Multiuser Extensions and Security

 What multiuser extensions and security options are available?

As shipped, OS/2 does not support multiuser operation, although third
parties have grafted multiuser capabilities onto the base operating system.
These products include:


  Software Title       Company              Telephone

  Remote-OS            Software Lifeline    [phone]

  OS2You               ?                    See (3.2) Shareware and
                                            Freeware Sources

  Citrix               Citrix Systems       [phone]

  PolyMod2             MemSoft              [phone]


PC/DACS (Pyramid, phone [phone]) offers security (for multiple users,
one at a time, in a lab setting for example).

IBM LAN Server provides local security (as well as LAN-oriented multiuser
features).


 Related information:

 (3.8) Networking Products


(4.1) Installation

 I am having trouble installing OS/2 2.1.  What should I do?

First consult the Installation Guide and other materials accompanying OS/2
2.1.  Make sure your PC meets the system requirements in (2.1) Hardware
Requirements.

And if the following instructions do not help, fall back on IBM's toll free
technical support (phone [phone] in the United States) and/or consult
IBM's Tips and Techniques file [See (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources].

o Some PCs have trouble printing under OS/2 2.1.  This problem can often be
traced to an interrupt conflict, a substandard cable, an interfering
software security "dongle," or a faulty printer adapter.  LPT1 uses IRQ 7,
and LPT2, if installed, uses IRQ 5. Interrupts should not be shared on AT
bus machines.  The SoundBlaster, for example, comes set to IRQ 7. Reset it
to an unused interrupt.

o Make sure adapters with onboard ROMs are not conflicting with other
adapters.  For example, many SuperVGA adapters use large segments of upper
memory, and many hard disk adapters have onboard ROMs which can be mapped
into the same areas.  Adapters must not share address space or interrupts.
Check your product manuals for more help.

o Be sure adequate free disk space is available before installing,
including space for a swap file.  Drives compressed using Stacker or
similar utilities should be uncompressed before installing (unless access
to these drives from OS/2 is not needed).  [An OS/2 version of Stacker is
available, as is Proportional Software's (phone [phone]) DCF/2
on-the-fly disk compression package.]

o Do not select HPFS when installing if your machine has 6 MB of RAM or
less, or diminished performance will likely result.  Change the IFS=...HPFS
line in your CONFIG.SYS to REM IFS=...  if necessary.

o Be sure your CMOS setup parameters are set correctly, especially those
relating to floppy drives.  RAM should be given sufficient wait states and
precharge cycles.  Test with cache memory and/or shadow RAM disabled if
necessary.  The AT bus should run at 8 MHz.  For best performance, make
sure all your RAM is set to be cacheable.

o If you are using the IBMINT13.I13 driver to access an MFM, RLL, or ESDI
hard drive, and the hard drive has more than 1024 cylinders, be certain
your hard disk adapter's sector translation mode is enabled.

o Some Quantum LPS105AT IDE hard disks require a free ROM update (to
Version 2.6) from the manufacturer to work with OS/2.

o If your AMI keyboard BIOS is below Revision F you may need an update.
Contact Washburn & Assoc.  (phone [phone]) for an inexpensive
replacement.

o Check to make sure keyboard DIP switches are set correctly.  For example,
if the keyboard is attached to a system with an AT bus it should typically
be switched to "AT" mode.

o "Autoswitching" on non-IBM EGA adapters should be disabled (usually with
a DIP switch or jumper setting).  In rare cases it may be necessary to
switch third party VGA/SuperVGA adapters into 8-bit mode and/or disable
"autosense."  See (2.2) SuperVGA Support.

o OS/2 is particularly sensitive to bad RAM or cache memory (often
reflected in TRAP 0002 error messages).  Use a thorough RAM testing
utility, and try not to mix 9-chip and 3-chip SIMM/SIPP memory modules.
When upgrading, avoid adding RAM which is not rated (in nanoseconds) at
least as fast (i.e.  with an equal or lower number) as the RAM already in
the system.

o Allow several minutes for OS/2 2.1 to build your desktop (and display
icons) at the end of installation -- take the Tutorial offered to you in
the meantime.  Avail yourself of the "Start Here" icon, the other online
help, and the README file located in the root directory.  They will help in
getting started with the Workplace Shell and in properly configuring your
system.

o When installing over a beta version of OS/2 be sure to reformat.

o To install the Upgrade Edition of OS/2 2.1, DOS or OS/2 must already
reside on the hard disk.  If Diskette 1 is not write protected then the
installation program will record a file indicating that upgrade terms have
been satisfied and, in the future, will not require DOS or OS/2 on the hard
disk to install.

o OS/2 uses the same diskette format as DOS, so use DISKCOPY to backup the
installation diskettes and verify that none have been corrupted.

o Owners of IBM PS/2s should make sure that any applicable ECAs
(engineering changes) have been performed and that the most recent
Reference Diskette is in use.  Reference Diskettes are available from the
IBM PC Co.  BBS (modem 404-835-6600).

o Try disconnecting any tape backup device if "Cannot find COUNTRY.SYS"
messages are encountered when booting OS/2.

o An Always IN-2000 SCSI adapter with BIOS 3.06A or 3.20 requires an
updated version from the manufacturer.  A companion 8-pin serial PROM chip
may also need to be updated.  Contact Always at 818-597-9595.  Also ask
about non-IBMINT13.I13 driver support.

o The TI TM4000 notebook may require a BIOS update to run OS/2 2.1; phone
817-771-5856 for help.

o For the technically advanced user, the following list of TRAP error codes
may help you in addressing OS/2 problems.

     Code           Description
     0000           Divide by zero error
     0001           Debug exception
     0002           Non Maskable Interrupt (usually memory parity error)
     0003           Breakpoint (one byte INT 3 instruction)
     0004           Overflow
     0005           Bounds check (BOUND instruction)
     0006           Invalid opcode
     0007           Coprocessor not available
     0008           Double fault
     0009           (Reserved)
     000A           Invalid TSS
     000B           Segment not present
     000C           Stack exception
     000D           General protection
     000E           Page fault
     000F           (Reserved)
     0010           Coprocessor error
     0011-001F      (Reserved)
     0020-00FF      Available for external interrupts via INTR pin

o For the technically advanced user who wishes to install a secondary
diskette controller (provided it uses a separate DMA channel, IRQ, and I/O
address), the following parameters are available for the
BASEDEV=IBM1FLPY.ADD line in CONFIG.SYS:

     Parameter   Description
     /MCA        Load on Microchannel machine
     /A:x        Adapter ID (where x is 0 or 1)
     /IRQ:x      Interrupt level (where x is a number)
     /DMA:x      DMA channel (where x is a number)
     /P:hhhh     Controller I/O address (hhhh)
     /U:x        Drive number (where x is 0 to 3)
     /F:ccc      Drive capacity (where ccc is 360KB to 2.88MB)
     /CL:tttt    Changeline type (where tttt is NONE, AT, or PS2)
     /SPEC:hh    Controller specify bytes (hh)

    Example:

    BASEDEV=IBM1FLPY.ADD /A:0 /DMA:3 /IRQ:10 /P:370 /U:0 /F:360KB



  Related information:

  (2.1) Hardware Requirements
  (2.2) SuperVGA Support
  (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources
  (4.6) Corrective Service Diskettes


(4.2) Installing from Drive B

 I can't install OS/2 2.1 from Drive B.  What's wrong?

IBM OS/2 2.1 can only be installed starting from Drive A, like DOS (unless
your BIOS supports booting from Drive B).  After booting from Drive A, OS/2
can then be copied from CD-ROM or across a network.  (For more information
on installation across a network, see Remote Installation and Maintenance,
IBM Publication No.  GG24-3780.  Related publications include Automated
Installation for CID Enabled OS/2 2.0, IBM Pub.  No.  GG24-3783, and
Automated Installation for CID Enabled Extended Services, LAN Server 3.0
and Network Transport Services/2, IBM Pub.  No.  GG24-3781.)  If you have
the wrong disk size go back to your dealer and obtain the correct media.
Otherwise you could open your machine and swap floppy drive cable
connectors, use your system's setup utility to set the new CMOS parameters,
and then install OS/2 from the "new" Drive A. Sometimes the floppy drive
cable connectors will not be the same.  If so you can obtain an adapter
plug.

You may also use IBM's twin "bootstrap" diskette images [See (3.2)
Shareware and Freeware Sources] to boot from a 5.25 inch Drive A and
install using 3.5 inch OS/2 diskettes inserted into Drive B. This procedure
should only be used if absolutely necessary.


 Related information:

 (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources
 (4.1) Installation


(4.3) Hard Disk Partitioning

 What is the best way to partition my hard disk for OS/2?

There is no single best way to partition your hard disk for OS/2.  For some
advice on the subject you should consult the IBM OS/2 Installation and
Planning Guide, available for download from (3.2) Shareware and Freeware
Sources, and the OS/2 Installation Guide in the OS/2 package.

It can be useful to place OS/2 by itself in a separate partition of about
40 or 50 MB.  If you then elect to experiment with beta releases of OS/2,
you can reformat that particular partition quite easily to erase all old
code.  The swap file can be placed on another partition; its location is
determined by the SWAPPATH line in CONFIG.SYS.

Partitioning should be performed by booting the OS/2 Installation Disk.
Executing FDISK from the command line will not allow certain functions to
be performed.


 Related information:

 (1.5) High Performance File System
 (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources


(4.4) Starting OS/2 from Diskette (and CHKDSK)

How do I access HPFS partitions on my hard drive without booting from the
hard drive?  I'm getting error messages now -- how do I "repair" my hard
disk?

With IBM OS/2 2.1, insert the Installation Diskette, Shutdown (if
necessary), and reboot.  When prompted insert Diskette 1 and press ENTER.
When prompted, press ESC.  You will be given an OS/2 command line prompt.
From there you can make necessary changes to your hard disk -- an OS/2
character mode text editor on diskette is handy for such changes.  (Make
sure you backup CONFIG.SYS before making any changes so that you can easily
revert to the old version should things go wrong.)

You may use this diskette boot method to run CHKDSK on your FAT or HPFS
volumes.  After you reach the command line, insert Diskette 2. Do not log
to another drive.  Type CHKDSK X:  /F to repair most kinds of damage to
your hard disk, replacing X with the appropriate drive letter.  (If you are
checking a HPFS disk, use /F:3 if you have the time.)  OS/2 CHKDSK will
also mark your hard disk as accessible, if possible, should OS/2 "lock it
out" for some reason.  It will also allow Workplace Shell drive objects to
open properly if they are not functioning correctly.  Repeat for each drive
letter you wish to check and/or repair.

"Errors" may be reported by CHKDSK if OS/2 was booted from the hard disk.
These "errors" are normal.  Since the hard drive is in use by OS/2 itself
(and files are open) CHKDSK is unable to accurately report errors.

The best way to avoid the need to perform CHKDSK is to always select
Refresh then Shutdown.  Click on the Workplace Shell desktop background
using mouse button two to bring up the appropriate menu.  Also, avoid
manipulating OS/2-related files when using native DOS.  Finally, enable
autochecking for all your hard disk volumes.  For HPFS volumes use the
/AUTOCHECK parameter in the IFS=...HPFS line in your CONFIG.SYS.  For FAT
volumes use the AC parameter in the DISKCACHE line of your CONFIG.SYS.  See
the online Command Reference for details.

Several utilities [including BOOTOS2; See (3.2) Shareware and Freeware
Sources] can create a single, bootable OS/2 diskette (as a convenience).
Preloaded versions of OS/2 2.0 can create a bootable diskette pair from the
Welcome folder.  (This step, along with a full BACKUP after a diskette
boot, should be performed immediately upon receipt of any IBM preloaded
OS/2 2.0 system.)


 Related information:

 (1.5) High Performance File System
 (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources


(4.5) Technical Support

 How can I get answers to my OS/2 questions?

If your question is not answered in this List, post a note to the
appropriate Usenet conference:  comp.os.os2.apps carries discussions
related to finding or using any application running under OS/2,
comp.os.os2.networking looks at networking issues, comp.os.os2.advocacy
deals with opinions and speculation, comp.os.os2.programmer.porting helps
programmers move applications over to OS/2 from other operating systems and
environments, comp.os.os2.programmer.misc addresses anything else related
to OS/2 programming, comp.os.os2.beta explores beta releases of OS/2,
comp.os.os2.ver1x supports all releases of OS/2 prior to Version 2.0,
comp.os.os2.announce carries important OS/2 announcements, comp.os.os2.bugs
discusses possible bugs found in released versions of the operating system,
comp.os.os2.multimedia fosters conversation about OS/2 multimedia
(including MMPM/2), comp.os.os2.setup offers a place to talk about setup
and installation issues, and comp.os.os2.misc is for any other OS/2-related
discussion.  These groups are watched closely by OS/2 experts from IBM.
Also, comp.lang.rexx discusses REXX programming.

Internet Relay Chat (IRC) has a dedicated channel (#os/2) which provides
round-the-clock, real time OS/2 support and information thanks to the
efforts of several volunteers.  If you are not familiar with IRC, ask your
system administrator for help.

A LISTSERVer distributes its own OS/2 conference by mail; send a single
line message with the word HELP to [e-mail] for full
instructions; or send the same message to [e-mail] for
information on an unedited mailing list.  To subscribe to the Multimedia
Presentation Manager/2 [See (3.6) Multimedia] mailing list, send a single
line message with the phrase SUBSCRIBE MMOS2-L (Your Name) to
[e-mail].

Your local FidoNet BBS may carry OS/2 echo conferences and/or OS2NET.  If
not, ask your system operator to join them.  CompuServe (FIND OS/2) and
Prodigy are also excellent resources.

The IBM PC Co.  BBS's (modem 404-835-6600) message areas, product database,
and PS/2 Assistant file(s) are invaluable resources.  Information on the
IBM OS/2 BBS is included in the OS/2 2.1 package.  In the United States IBM
has toll free technical support (phone [phone]), an OS/2 Hotline (
general information, orders, upgrades, phone 800-3-IBM-OS2; ask about OS/2
videotapes, T-shirts, and other accessories), the HelpWare Center (phone
800-PS2-2227), a software order line (phone 800-IBM-CALL), two FAX
information services (phone 800-IBM-4FAX and/or 800-IBM-3395), and an
educational inquiries/order line (phone [phone]).  In Canada phone IBM
Personal Systems Software at 800-465-1234.

OS/2 2.1 developers should contact the IBM Developer Assistance Program
(phone [phone]); membership is free.  (You may also join on CompuServe
with GO OS2DAP.)  The OS/2 Professional Developer's Kit CD-ROM, containing
a wide selection of development tools and code, is available from IBM
(phone 800-3-IBM-OS2 to order in the United States for $20, express
shipping included; in Canada, phone [phone]; in Australia, phone
Rohaini Cain or Mike Voris at 13-2426 ext.  7684; elsewhere, contact the
International OS/2 User Group by phoning 285-641175 in the U.K.)  The OS/2
Device Driver Source Kit CD-ROM is also now available from IBM, part no.
71G3703.  To order phone [phone] (FAX [phone]) in North America,
61-2-354-7684 (FAX [phone]) in most of the Far East and Pacific Rim,
81-3-5563-5897 (FAX [phone]) in Japan, 81-2-528-1548 (FAX
82-2-528-1414) in Korea, or 011-52-627-1846 (FAX [phone]) in Latin
America.

IBM offers classes worldwide to help in using and programming OS/2 2.1;
phone your local IBM branch office (or the OS/2 Hotline) for more
information.  Or contact one of these third party providers of classes
training materials:

  Company                                 Telephone
  Acumen People and Productivity          61-3-853-6662
  Adaptive Research and Design            305-889-0070
  Adar International                      212-750-5820
  Allied Computer Service                 Singapore 2948741
  AOSI                                    415-586-3454
  Applied Learning                        708-369-3000
  ATI                                     310-823-1129
  Ron Beauchemin                          203-285-5896
  Bell and Associates                     61-2-953-7619
  Broadway and Seymour                    800-274-9287
  Chapman and Associates                  714-831-4442
  Charles Hatvany and Associates          617-648-4100
  CIE                                     800-882-3981
  Computer Information Associates         708-766-4677
  Computer Training Center                901-753-9706
  CompuTrainers                           212-984-0522
  Comsell                                 404-872-2500
  Creative Systems Programming            609-234-1500
  David Bernstein Company                 206-282-8711
  Denenfeld Systems Design                519-396-8088
  Descriptor Systems                      319-362-3906
  Development Technologies                803-790-1234
  Edutrends                               201-838-6700
  Chris Eldridge Pty Ltd.                 61-2-016-289-093
  Electronic Directions                   212-213-6500
  Fermier Consulting and Education        817-481-4966
  Future Enterprises                      202-662-7676
  Gateway Technologies Corp.              203-693-1097
  Hailey Griffin Corp.                    416-475-4200
  Huffman and Associates                  805-461-1053
  Iconisys                                805-522-8863
  InfoLink Solutions                      404-876-1512
  Infotec Training Institute              800-282-7990
  Instruction Set                         617-890-4930
  Instructional Systems Co.               212-477-8800
  Instructware                            800-267-0101
  iQ Training Systems                     44-71-613-5771
  IS International                        407-994-4373
  JRT Information Services                407-547-0178
  Jensen Enterprises                      616-429-9599
  Kee Systems                             301-880-0880
  Kemtex Services                         212-661-5770
  Knowhow Solutions                       61-2-955-9592
  Dr. Michael S. Kogan                    904-246-8341
  Logical Operations                      716-482-7700
  Management Technology Education         61-2-261-5555
                                          61-3-629-5811
                                          61-7-840-9248
                                          61-8-231-3048
                                          61-9-324-1142
  Mannix Enterprises                      914-229-8109
  Mentor Technologies                     614-265-3170
  Microtransfer                           44-869-50340
  Minasi and Company                      703-276-8940
  Object Management Laboratory            818-879-9620
  One on One Computer Training            708-628-0500
  One Up Corp.                            214-620-1123
  PC Dialogs                              212-663-3459
  PC Etcetera                             212-736-5870
  PCLC                                    212-953-9800
  Professional Development Assoc.         Singapore 2272883
  Pinnacle Technology                     918-455-2520
  Productivity Point International        800-848-0980
  Productivity Solutions                  215-631-5685
  Professional Development Assoc.         44-71-706-3744
  Progressive Software Technologies       303-932-2051
  QED Information Sciences                800-343-4848
  Rockey and Assoc.                       215-640-4880
  SCS Computer Consulting                 718-321-1572
  Kenneth E. Sanger                       914-948-8496
  SE International                        407-241-3428
  Sims Software Technology                415-731-2222
  Software Education Corp.                908-946-0606
  Software Paradise                       44-222-887521
  Soza & Company                          703-560-9477
  Stratemm Pacific Ltd.                   New Zealand 07-578-5100
  Testek                                  207-539-8825
  Touchstone Systems Group                312-263-1444
  User View                               612-331-7212
  ViaGrafix U.S.                          918-825-6700
  VisGrafix Australia                     61-9-417-3178
  Wave Technologies Training              214-650-9283
  William H. Zack & Assoc.                203-255-2979
  Worthman & Assoc.                       303-290-9700

For a free copy of the IBM IV League catalog (with OS/2 books, videotapes,
and other support materials), phone [phone].  For more information on
the IBM IV (Independent Vendor) League, an organization of individuals and
companies who develop and market products and services that support OS/2,
call 203-262-3769 or 203-262-3776.  You may also dial the IV League BBS at
203-380-8264.

If you need to reach any individual at IBM, but you do not know that
person's direct telephone number, call the IBM Switchboard at 800-IBM-3333.

See (4.9) Books and Magazines for information on OS/2 publications.

Any of the regular DOS or Windows resources (e.g.  books, magazines,
shareware/freeware sources) will be useful since both environments come
with OS/2 2.1.


  Related information:

  (1.3)  DOS and Windows Compatibility
  (3.2)  Shareware and Freeware Sources
  (3.6)  Multimedia
  (4.8)  User Groups
  (4.9)  Books and Magazines
  (4.10) Problem Report Form


(4.6) Corrective Service Diskettes

 What are CSDs, how do I tell which I have, and where do I get them?

CSDs are Corrective Service Diskettes, or bug fixes (Service Paks),
periodically issued by IBM.  The OS/2 CSD level number may be obtained
using the command SYSLEVEL from an OS/2 command line prompt.  CSDs are
cumulative, i.e.  only the most recent CSD is required to bring a system up
from any previous CSD level.  However, CSDs only apply within a major
version number.  For example, an upgrade, not a CSD, would bring OS/2
Version 2.0 up to Version 2.1.  Note also that each national language (e.g.
French, U.K.  English) uses a distinct CSD.

CSDs may be ordered by phoning 800-3-IBM-OS2.  Customers with IBM customer
numbers (usually large sites) should phone [phone] or order through
IBMLink.  Outside the United States, ask an authorized IBM dealer or
representative for the CSD.  CSDs may also be downloaded from the IBM PC
Co.  BBS (modem 404-835-6600), CompuServe (FIND OS/2), or from (3.2)
Shareware and Freeware Sources.  And CSDs may be ordered through IBM's OS/2
BBS.

The latest, current OS/2 2.1 CSD level will be listed in this List and in
the PS/2 Assistant files.  At present there is no Service Pak for OS/2 2.1.


 Related information:

 (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources


(4.7) Online Services

 Which online services support OS/2, and how do I join?

IBM's official non-IBM online service for OS/2 user and developer support
is CompuServe (FIND OS/2).  In the United States you can obtain CompuServe
membership information by phoning 800-848-8199.

IBM maintains an unofficial presence on many other networks.  For
information on the Internet consult one of the many books describing the
network.  One example:  The Whole Internet by Ed Krol, O'Reilly &
Associates (phone [phone]), ISBN 1-56592-025-2.  Once you start using
the Internet you should peruse the information files posted to the
news.answers newsgroup to familiarize yourself with Internet resources.

The OS/2 Roundtable (Page 1400, Keyword OS2) has opened on GEnie.  To
subscribe to GEnie, set your communications software to half duplex and
either 1200 or 2400 bps then have your modem dial 800-638-8369
(800-387-8330 in Canada).  Upon connection, type HHH and press RETURN.  At
the U#= prompt type SIGNUP and press RETURN, then follow the directions
given.

See (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources, (4.5) Technical Support, and
(4.11) OS/2 BBSes for information on other online services with high OS/2
content.


 Related information:

 (3.2)  Shareware and Freeware Sources
 (4.5)  Technical Support
 (4.11) OS/2 BBSes


(4.8) User Groups

 Are there any OS/2 user groups?

The following OS/2 user groups meet regularly:

      Northeast Ohio (Akron) OS/2 User Group
      Contact: Garey Smiley (phone [phone])

      Atlanta OS/2 Users Group
      Contact: Robert Cannon (phone [phone])

      Baton Rouge OS/2 Users Group
      Contact: David Arbour (phone [phone])

      North Suburban Chicago OS/2 User's Group
      Contact: James Schmidt (phone [phone])

      Greater Chicago OS/2 User Group
      Contact: Lisa Der Mateosian (phone [phone])

      West Suburban Chicago OS/2 User Group
      Contact: Dwight Cannon (phone [phone] ext. 2170)

      Mid Missouri (Columbia) OS/2 Users Group
      Contact: Woody Sturges (BBS 314-446-0016)

      Denver OS/2 User's Group
      Contact: Ronald Van Iwaarden (BBS 303-744-0373)

      Computer Users of Erie (Pennsylvania) OS/2 SIG
      Contact: Tom Kuklinski (phone [phone])

      Fort Wayne OS/2 Users Group
      Contact: Stephen Gutknecht (phone [phone])

      Indianapolis OS/2 Users Group
      Contact: Jay Schultz (phone [phone])

      Las Vegas OS/2 User Group
      Contact: Karu Karunaratne (phone [phone], BBS 702-433-5535)

      Long Island OS/2 User's Group
      Contact: Jeffrey Altman (phone [phone])

      Los Angeles OS/2 Users Group
      Contact: Paul Duncanson (phone [phone])

      Minnesota OS/2 User Group
      Contact: Marcus Krumpholz (phone [phone], BBS 612-379-8272)

      Montreal OS/2 Users Group
      Contact: Gilbert Daigle (phone [phone])

      New England OS/2 User Group
      Contact: Dave Pinard (phone [phone])

      Phoenix PC User Group and OS/2 SIG
      Contact: 602-222-8511

      Triangle (Raleigh, North Carolina) OS/2 User Group
      Contact: Steve Gallagher (phone [phone])

      Sacramento OS/2 Users Group
      Contact: Charlie Kotan (phone [phone])

      San Diego OS/2 User Group
      Contact: Craig Swanson (BBS 619-558-9475)

      Bay Area (San Francisco) OS/2 User Group
      Contact: Sanford Rockowitz (phone [phone])

      Singapore (NUS) OS/2 User Group
      Contact: N. Sriram (Internet: [e-mail])

      Tampa Bay OS/2 User Group
      Contact: Paul Wylie (phone [phone])

      International OS/2 User Group (based in the U.K.)
      Contact: Mike Gove (phone [phone] or FAX [phone])

      Wellington (New Zealand) OS/2 Users' Group
      Contact: Andrew McMillian (phone [phone] days, 233-9123 evenings)

      Westchester (New York) OS/2 User Group
      Contact: Patrick Pearce (phone [phone])


[OS/2 user groups:  please send information on your group to the author.
See (0.0) Introduction and Credits.] See (6.1) Promoting OS/2 for
information on IBM assistance to OS/2 user groups.


  Related information:

  (0.0) Introduction and Credits
  (4.5) Technical Support
  (6.1) Promoting OS/2


(4.9) Books and Magazines

 What OS/2 books and magazines are available?

OS/2 has its own magazines:  OS/2 Developer Magazine (phone 800-WANT-OS2 or
708-647-5960, FAX [phone]), OS/2 Monthly (mail
[e-mail] or phone [phone]), Inside OS/2 (phone
502-491-1900), OS/2 Professional (phone [phone]), and the OS/2
Newsletter (phone [phone]).

Many OS/2 2.x books can be ordered by calling IBM Fulfillment Headquarters
at 800-342-6672.  Or you may obtain OS/2 books through most computer book
sellers.

Here are just a few of the OS/2 2.x books available, with ISBN and IBM
Publication Number, if available:

o Designing OS/2 Applications, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0-471-58889-X, IBM
Publication No.  SC28-2701.

o Easy OS/2, QUE, ISBN 1-56529-145-X.

o The Little Book of OS/2:  2.1 Edition, Peachpit Press.

o Micro Focus COBOL/2 Workbench for the Application Developer, QED.

o OS/2 for Non-Nerds, New Riders, ISBN 1-56205-153-9, IBM Pub.  No.
SR28-4319.

o OS/2 Inside & Out (2.1), Osborne McGraw-Hill.

o OS/2 2.x Notebook:  The Best of OS/2 Developer Magazine, Van Nostrand
Reinhold, ISBN 0-442-01522-4, IBM Pub.  No.  G362-0015.

o OS/2 2.1 Complete, Abacus.

o OS/2 2.1 Programming, Osborne McGraw-Hill, ISBN 0-07-881910-5.

o OS/2 2.1 Unleashed, Sams, ISBN 0-672-30240-3, IBM Pub.  No.  SR28-4318.

o The Shell Collection:  OS/2 2.1 Utilities, Van Nostrand Reinhold.

o Stepping Up to OS/2 2.1, Abacus, ISBN 1-55755-185-5.

o Ten-Minute Guide to OS/2 2.1, Alpha, ISBN 1-56761-185-0, IBM Pub.  No.
SR28-4322.

o Using OS/2 2.1:  Special Edition, QUE, ISBN 1-56529-118-2, IBM Pub.  No.
SR28-4317.

o Your OS/2 Consultant, Sams.

o Advanced OS/2 for Programming Managers, John Wiley & Sons.

o Dvorak's Guide to OS/2, Random House.

o OS/2 for Dummies (2.1), IDG, ISBN 1-878058-76-2.

o OS/2 Instant Reference Book, Sybex.

o The OS/2 2.1 User's Bible, Abacus.

o OS/2 2.1 Power User's Guide, Van Nostrand Reinhold.

o Real-World Programming for OS/2, Sams.

o Learn OS/2 in a Day, Wordware Publishing.

o Micro Focus CICS Option:  Developing CICS Applications on the PC, QED.

o OS/2:  The Workplace Shell, A User's Guide & Tutorial for Release 2.1,
Computer Information Associates.

o PC Learning Labs Teaches OS/2, Ziff-Davis Press.

o Quick Reference Guide for OS/2 2.1, DDC.

o Van Wolverton's Guide to OS/2, Random House.

IBM's OS/2 "redbooks" (power user guides) are IBM Publication No.
GBOF-2254.  (To order these and other IBM publications phone your local IBM
office and ask for the Librarian or phone [phone]IBM.)  These redbooks
are also available in electronic form [See (3.2) Shareware and Freeware
Sources ]. Other OS/2 publications, such as the OS/2 Technical Library, IBM
Part No.  10G3356, are available by calling IBM Technical Books at
800-IBM-PCTB.

IBM also offers the OS/2 Online Book Collection CD-ROM, part no.  53G2166.
This CD-ROM provides nearly all of the OS/2 publications produced by IBM in
electronic form.  The CD-ROM includes the following titles:

  o IBM C Set ++ Version 2.0

     - IBM WorkFrame/2 Introduction
     - IBM C/C++ Tools: Browser Introduction
     - Collection Class Library Reference
     - IBM C/C++ Tools C Library Reference
     - IBM C/C++ Tools: C Language Reference
     - IBM C/C++ Tools: C++ Language Reference
     - IBM C/C++ Tools: Debugger Introduction
     - IBM C/C++ Tools: Programming Guide
     - IBM C/C++ Tools: Standard Class Library Reference
     - User Interface Class Library Guide
     - User Interface Class Library Reference
     - IBM C/C++ Tools: EXTRA Introduction

  o IBM International Technical Support Center (Red Books)

     - OS/2 V2.0 Vol 1: Control Program (ITSC)
     - OS/2 V2.0 Vol 2: DOS and Windows Environment (ITSC)
     - OS/2 V2.0 Vol 3: PM and Workplace Shell (ITSC)
     - OS/2 V2.0 Vol 4: Application Development (ITSC)
     - OS/2 V2.0 Vol 5: Print Subsystem (ITSC)
     - OS/2 2.1 Technical Update

  o OS/2 LAN Server Version 2.0

     - OS/2 LAN Server Migration Handbook
     - Problem Determination Reference Volume 1: Problem Determination Guide
     - Network Administrator Reference Volume 2: Performance Tuning
     - DOS LAN Requester User's Quick Reference
     - LAN Server User's Quick Reference
     - Problem Determination Reference Volume 3: LAN Error Messages
     - LAN Support Program User's Guide
     - Network Administrator Reference Volume 1: Planning and Installation Guide
     - Network Administrator Reference Volume 3: Network Administrator's Tasks
     - Problem Determination Reference Volume 2: LAN Alerts
     - DOS LAN Requester Windows User's Guide
     - OS/2 LAN Server Productivity Aids
     - Network Administrator Reference Supplement for OS/2 2.0

  o OS/2 LAN Server Version 3.0

     - PC LAN Program Migration Guide
     - Problem Determination Reference Volume 1: Problem Determination Guide
     - Network Administrator Reference Volume 2: Performance Tuning
     - DLR and DLR Windows User's Quick Reference
     - OS/2 LAN Requester User's Quick Reference
     - Problem Determination Reference Volume 3: LAN Error Messages
     - IBM LAN Support Program User's Guide
     - Network Administrator Reference Volume 1: Planning and Installation Guide
     - Network Administrator Reference Volume 3: Network Administrators Tasks
     - Problem Determination Reference Volume 2: LAN Alerts
     - OS/2 LAN Server Productivity Aids
     - LAN Adapter and Protocol Support Configuration Guide
     - IBM Network Transport Services/2 Redirected Installation and Configuration
       Guide
     - Messages and Problem Determination Guide

  o Multimedia Presentation Manager/2 Version 1.1

     - MMPM/2 Application Programming Guide
     - MMPM Toolkit/2
     - CUA Guide to Multimedia User Interface Design
     - MMPM/2 Programming Reference
     - OS/2 Multimedia Advantage

  o Network Transport Services/2 Version 1.0

     - LAN Adapter and Protocol Support Configuration Guide
     - IBM Network Transport Services/2 Redirected Installation and
       Configuration Guide
     - Messages and Problem Determination Guide

  o OS/2 2.0

     - OS/2 2.0 Information and Planning Guide
     - Getting Started with Workplace Shell (White Paper)
     - Upgrading to OS/2 2.0 (White Paper)
     - IBM OS/2 2.0 Getting Started
     - OS/2 2.0 Installation Guide
     - OS/2 2.0 Quick Reference
     - OS/2 2.0 Command Reference
     - IBM OS/2 2.0 Migrating to the OS/2 Workplace Shell
     - OS/2 2.0 Using the Operating System
     - Tips and Techniques
     - OS/2 2.0 Adobe Type Manager for WIN-OS/2
     - OS/2 2.0 Compatibility Information
     - OS/2 2.0 Using Bidirectional Support

  o OS/2 2.1

     - OS/2 2.0 Information and Planning Guide
     - Getting Started with Workplace Shell (White Paper)
     - Upgrading to OS/2 2.0 (White Paper)
     - OS/2 2.1 Using the Operating System
     - OS/2 2.1 Book Catalog
     - OS/2 2.1 Installation Guide
     - OS/2 2.1 Quick Reference
     - OS/2 2.1 Command Reference
     - OS/2 2.0 Using Bidirectional Support
     - OS/2 2.1 Performance Tuning for End Users (White Paper)
     - OS/2 2.1 Performance Improvements (White Paper)

  o Operating System/2 2.0 Technical Library

     - OEM DASD and SCSI Device Driver Support
     - OS/2 2.0 Programming Guide: Volume III
     - Getting Started: OS/2 2.1 Toolkit
     - Getting Started: Toolkit
     - Information Presentation Facility
     - Physical Device Driver Reference
     - Presentation Manager Programming Reference: Volume I
     - Presentation Manager Programming Reference: Volume II
     - Presentation Manager Programming Reference: Volume III
     - Application Design Guide
     - Procedures Language 2/REXX User's Guide
     - Presentation Driver Reference
     - Virtual Device Driver Reference
     - System Object Model Guide and Reference
     - OS/2 2.0 Programming Guide: Volume I
     - OS/2 Programming Guide: Volume II
     - Bidirectional National Language Support
     - Control Program Programming Reference
     - OS/2 2.1 PM Programming Reference: Volume I
     - OS/2 2.1 PM Programming Reference: Volume II
     - OS/2 2.1 PM Programming Reference: Volume III
     - OS/2 2.1 CP Programming Reference
     - Procedures Language 2/REXX Reference
     - SAA CUA Advanced Interface Design Reference
     - SAA CUA Guide to User Interface Design

  o PL/I Package/2 Version 1.1

     - PL/I Package/2 Programming Guide
     - PL/I Package/2 Language Environment Run-Time Messages
     - PL/I Package/2 Installation
     - PL/I Package/2 Language Reference
     - PL/I Package/2 Reference Summary
     - PL/I Package/2 Fact Sheet

  o SAA Common User Access Controls Library/2 Version 1.0

     - Common User Access Controls Library/2 Programming Guide
     - Common User Access Controls Library/2 PM Reference
     - Common User Access Controls Library/2 Windows Reference

  o Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Version 1.2 for OS/2

     - IBM TCP/IP Version 1.2 for OS/2: User's Guide
     - IBM TCP/IP Version 1.2 for OS/2: Installation and Maintenance
     - IBM TCP/IP Version 1.2 for OS/2: Programmer's Reference
     - IBM TCP/IP Version 1.2 for OS/2: Quick Reference Guide

  o Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Version 1.2.1 for OS/2

     - IBM TCP/IP Version 1.2.1 for OS/2: User's Guide
     - IBM TCP/IP Version 1.2.1 for OS/2: LAN Adapter and Protocol Support
     - IBM TCP/IP Version 1.2.1 for OS/2: Installation and Maintenance
     - IBM TCP/IP Version 1.2.1 for OS/2: Programmer's Reference
     - IBM TCP/IP Version 1.2.1 for OS/2: Quick Reference Guide


  Related information:

  (4.5) Technical Support


(4.10) Problem Report Form

 How do I report an OS/2 problem to IBM?

If you would like to send an OS/2 bug report to IBM, you may phone IBM at
800-992-4777 (in the U.S.)  or you may fill in the OS/2 Problem Report Form
and mail it to IBM via CompuServe or the Internet.

The Problem Report Form helps IBM solve your problem more quickly,
especially if you include all the relevant details.  IBM then has to ask
fewer questions in order to determine the problem.

To use the Problem Report Form, follow these steps:

1. If you are reading the INF version of this List, press CTRL-F.  This
panel will then be saved to a file named TEXT.TMP.

2. Using a text editor (like the OS/2 System Editor), open either TEXT.TMP
or the plain text version of this List.

3. Delete all the extra lines in the file so that only the OS/2 Problem
Report Form remains.

4. Fill in all the requested information using your text editor.

5. Save the Form to disk (as file name OS2PROB.TXT for example).

6. Upload the file to CompuServe Mail or the Internet, and send the Form to
IBM.  (The exact procedure will depend on the service and the software you
use.)

You may use the Problem Report Form as many times as you need to, but
please include only one problem per copy.  If you wish, you can use the
Defect Report Form found on Page 493 of the OS/2 2.1 Using the Operating
System manual instead of this form.

  ------  Submit an OS/2 Problem Report  ------

  <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
  << THIS SUPPORT IS ELIGIBLE FOR U.S. CUSTOMERS ONLY >>
  <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

  Customers should use this form to report a suspected OS/2 DEFECT to
  IBM support.

  IBM employees should refer to the OS2DFECT FORUM in IBMPC for instructions on
  how to report an OS/2 defect.

  If you have How-to or other questions about OS/2, please refer to these
  sources:

  - The OS/2 on-line help and README.
  - If you have a CompuServe ID, you may submit an item to the
    appropriate section within the forums under IBMOS2 (GO IBMOS2).
  - Many bulletin board systems contain user forums where OS/2 users
    share information and ideas on OS/2.

  If you have Beta problems or suggestions, please refer to the bottom of this
  form for the proper reporting procedure.  While we appreciate your input, we do
  not accept Beta problems through the Base defect or ES/LS support ID's.
  Customers with CompuServe ID's may report problems on CIS in IBM's PSPBETA
  forum.  If you do NOT have a CIS ID, please send the feedback via Internet
  to the CIS address: [e-mail].

  Please provide as much information as possible on your problem.  Feel free to
  add additional space, or remove sections of the form that are not relevant to
  your problem.

  CONTACT PERSON: __________________________________

  PHONE NUMBER:   (___) ___-____ x____     Phone number where you can be
  FAX NUMBER:     (___) ___-____ x____     contacted between 8-5, M-F.

  Note: Support will normally be handled electronically through
        CompuServe mail.  IBM may contact you via telephone if it
        appears it will expedite resolution to the problem.

  Would you rather be contacted by phone?   Y _  N _

  ONE LINE DESCRIPTION OF THE OS/2 PROBLEM:
  ___________________________________________________________________

  DETAILED PROBLEM DESCRIPTION - If possible, provide step-by-step recreation
  scenario.  Also, please include any fixes or workarounds you may have already
  tried.
  __________________________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________________________
  __________________________________________________________________

  Enter any error messages that occur: ________________________________

  Select the appropriate answers by placing an "X" in the space indicated.
  Can you recreate the problem?                      Y _   N _
  Has the problem occurred on more than one system?  Y _   N _

  OS/2 OPERATING SYSTEM SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION:
  OS/2 Version 2.1 .........:  _   CSD Level: _______
  OS/2 Version 2.0 .........:  _   CSD Level: _______
  OS/2 1.3 Standard Edition :  _   CSD Level: _______
  OS/2 1.3 Extended Edition :  _   CSD Level: _______

  NOTE - CSD = Corrective Service Diskette.
         Use the SYSLEVEL command to determine, if unknown.

  HARDWARE CONFIGURATION (provide as much as possible):
  Brand and model of PC: ____________________________________
  Microprocessor:   Intel _  Other (specify) _______________
  Type:     286 _  386SX _  386 _  486SX _   486 _ Speed: __ MHz
  Total RAM ....:   __ MB
  Disk drive ...: ____ MB
  File System:   FAT _     HPFS _
  Manufacturer: ___________________ Model # _______
  Type: IDE _  SCSI _  MFM _  RLL _  Unknown _
  Manufacturer and model # of disk controller: ______________________
  Manufacturer, revision #, and date of System BIOS: __________________
  Manufacturer and model # of video adapter: __________________________
  Manufacturer and model # of display: ________________________________
  Memory installed on video adapter: _____  EGA _  VGA _  SVGA _  XGA _
  Diskette Drive A:  3 1/2" _  5 1/4" _
  Diskette Drive B:  3 1/2" _  5 1/4" _
  List other adapters installed:   _____________________
                                   _____________________
                                   _____________________

  TRAP INFORMATION - If a TRAP occurs and results in the 16 bit trap display
  similar to the following, enter any of the register values that you recorded:

  SESSION TITLE: __________________________________________________
  TRAP____
  AX=____   BX=____   CX=____   DX=____    BP= ____   SI=____   DI=____
  DS=____   ES=____   FLG=____  CS=____   IP=____   SS=____   SP=____
  MSW=____ CSLIM=____   SSLIM=___   DSLIM=___    ESLIM=____   CSACC=__
  SSACC=__ DSACC=__     ESACC=__   ERRCD=____   ERLIM=____  ERACC=__
  ________________________________________________________________
  ________________________________________________________________
  ________________________________________________________________

  If a TRAP occurs and results in the 32 bit trap display similar to the
  following, enter any of the register values that you recorded:

  TRAP ____
  ERRCD=____     ERACC=____    ERLIM=________   EAC=________  EBX=________
  ECX=________  EDX=________   ESI=________  EDI=________   EBP=________
  FLG=________   CS:EIP=____:________  CSACC=____   CSLIM=________
  SS:ESP=____:________  SSACC=____   SSLIM=________   DS=____  DSACC=____
  DSLIM=________  CR0=________   ES=____  ESACC=____  ESLIM=________
  CR2=________ FS=____  FSACC=____  FSLIM=________   GS=____  GSACC=____
  GSLIM=________

  THE SYSTEM DETECTED AN INTERNAL PROCESSING
  ERROR AT LOCATION ##____:________ - ____:____.   _____, ____   ________
  INTERNAL REVISION _.___,  __/__/__

  PRINTER - If this is a printer problem, please provide the following:
  Printer Vendor: __________________   Model ....: ________________
  Driver Name ..: __________________   Port Used : ________________
  Printer is attached to: Local _    LAN Server _    Host _

  COMMUNICATIONS MANAGER - If this is a problem with Communications Manager,
  please provide answers in this section:

  OS/2 Extended Services ............: _   CSD Level: _______
  OS/2 EE Communications Manager 1.3 : _   CSD Level: _______
  Describe your Communications Manager configuration (DFT, T-R, etc):
  ________________________________________________________________
  ________________________________________________________________

  LOCAL AREA NETWORK - If this is a local area network problem, please enter
  information about the LAN involved:

  LAN SERVER:     OS/2 LAN Server Version 1.3 : _   CSD Level: ________
                  OS/2 LAN Server 2.0 Entry ..: _   CSD Level: ________
                  OS/2 LAN Server 2.0 Advanced: _   CSD Level: ________
                  OS/2 LAN Server 3.0 Entry ..: _   CSD Level: ________
                  OS/2 LAN Server 3.0 Advanced: _   CSD Level: ________

  LAN REQUESTER:
                  LAN Server 3.0 Requester....: _   CSD Level: ________
                  LAN Server 2.0 Requester....: _   CSD Level: ________
                  OS/2 1.3 Requester..........: _   CSD Level: ________

  DOS LAN REQUESTER:
                  LS 3.0 Requester ...........: _   CSD Level: ________
                  LS 2.0 Requester ...........: _   CSD Level: ________
                  OS/2 1.3 Requester .........: _   CSD Level: ________
                  DOS Version: ____  DOS Vendor: _________________

  Is the failing system a Domain Controller?  Y _    N _
  Is the failing system an additional server? Y _    N _

  DATABASE MANAGER - If this is an OS/2 DATABASE MANAGER problem, please enter
  information about the DataBase Manager problem below.

  SQL Error Code ....: ________
  Secondary Return Code: ________
  Error occurs when database is being accessed as:
  Stand Alone ......: Y _  N _
  Requester (Client): Y _  N _
  Database Server ..: Y _  N _
  Using RDS ........: Y _  N _
  Using LAN ........: Y _  N _
  If the error is occurring at a requester, can the problem be recreated
  at the server? .....: Y _  N _
  Error occurs in which application?
  Query Manager.....: _
  LI ..............: _  (Command Line Interface)
  User Application..: _
  If a trap has occurred, provide the SQLABEND results:
  _________________________________________________________________
  _________________________________________________________________
  _________________________________________________________________

  PLEASE REVIEW ALL OF THIS PROBLEM REPORT BEFORE SENDING.  When you are
  ready to send this OS/2 Problem Report, send the form via CISMAIL
  to ---

  Base problems   -   Base Support,     76711,610
  ES/LS problems  -   ES/LS Support,    76711,611
  (ES = IBM Extended Services, LS = IBM LAN Server)

  Beta problems   -                     76711,175
  (FEEDBACK purposes only...you will not be contacted).

  (To send from the Internet use address [e-mail],
  [e-mail], or [e-mail], as
  appropriate.)


  Related information:

  (4.5) Technical Support
  (4.7) Online Services


(4.11) OS/2 BBSes

 What OS/2 BBSes can I dial?

The following BBSes hold large OS/2 libraries:


  Fernwood                 [phone]

  OS/2 Shareware           [phone]

  Bay Area OS/2            [phone]

  Gateway/2                [phone]

  Greater Chicago Online   [phone]

  OS/2 San Diego           [phone]

  OS/2 Las Vegas           [phone]

  Denver OS/2 BBS          [phone]

  OS/2 Source BBS          [phone]

  Inside Technologies BBS  [phone]

  OS/2 Woodmeister         [phone]

  IBM Germany              049-711-785-7777

  IBM Denmark              45-42-88-72-22

  OS/2 UK                  0454-633197

  IBM UK                   0256-336655

  IBM Norway               47-66-99-94-50

  OS/2 Norway              47-22-38-09-49

  OS/2 Australia           61-2-241-2466

  Abaforum (Barcelona,     34-3-589.38.88
  Spain)


(The monthly Worldwide OS/2 BBS Listing, available from these BBSes, lists
others.)  The IBM PC Company BBS (modem 404-835-6600) has some
shareware/freeware as well, along with CSDs [See (4.6) Corrective Service
Diskettes] and the PS/2 Assistant (an invaluable resource for locating
almost any sort of information on OS/2).  For information on IBM's OS/2 BBS
phone [phone].  IBM Canada maintains several support BBSes:

      [phone]
      [phone]
      [phone]
      [phone]



  Related information:

  (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources
  (4.6) Corrective Service Diskettes


(5.1) Making OS/2 Resemble Unix

 I'm a Unix wizard.  How do I make OS/2 resemble Unix?

A great number of GNU and Unix utilities have been ported to OS/2 native
mode and are available from (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources.  A uucp
package, UUPC/Extended, is available via anonymous ftp from
sun.soe.clarkson.edu, directory pub/uupc; mail [e-mail] with questions.

In addition, the Hamilton C Shell is available from Hamilton Labs (phone
508-358-5715 or mail [e-mail]).  The Thompson Toolkit, a
Bourne-like shell, and awk are published by Thompson Automation (phone
206-224-1639).  MKS (phone [phone] or mail [e-mail]) publishes a
number of standard Unix utilities for OS/2.  Hippix (Hippo Software;
consult file pub/hippo/press.txt, available via anonymous ftp from
morgan.cs.utah.edu, for more information) provides a set of low cost
Unix-like command utilities (such as grep, awk, sh, and vi) along with a
POSIX programming library.  For OS/2-specific X-Windows server support, IBM
provides an optional package available with its TCP/IP 1.2.1 for OS/2.  The
TCP/IP 1.2.1 base package includes a news reader as a sample application.

DOS and Windows based utilities and aids still work fine under OS/2 2.1.


 Related information:

 (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources
 (3.8) Networking Products


(5.2) Making OS/2 Resemble Windows

 I prefer Windows.  How do I make OS/2 2.1 resemble Windows (or OS/2 1.3)?

Spend some time with the Workplace Shell first.  Browse the online
Tutorial, Master Help Index, and Start Here facilties.  Consult the
Unofficial Guide to the Workplace Shell, available from (3.2) Shareware and
Freeware Sources.

If you still prefer Windows-like behavior, follow the instructions
beginning on Page 401 in the OS/2 2.1 Using the Operating System manual.

Note that you can run the Win-OS/2 Program Manager "seamlessly" on your
OS/2 desktop, and you can use it to launch DOS, Windows, and OS/2
applications.  Using the Program Manager in this way can make even hard
core Windows users more comfortable.


 Related information:

 (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources


(5.3) Recovering from Crashed Sessions

 Sometimes OS/2 2.1 will freeze when I run an application.  What do I do?

Before rebooting with CTRL-ALT-DEL, try CTRL-ESC.  Do not hit additional
keys, do not move the mouse.  Wait up to a minute.  Either the Window List
or an error message should pop up.  You may close the offending application
at that point; allow some time for it to close.  (Try ALT-ESC if you have
disabled CTRL-ESC in that application's DOS Settings.  If you do not get
any response, press CTRL-ESC or ALT-ESC repeatedly until the dialog
appears.)  Note that the Workplace Shell can recycle, independent of
running applications, if it crashes.

If the system is badly disabled, sometimes pressing CTRL-ALT-NUMLOCK twice
will result in a prompt to create a dump diskette.  You may do so (the
online Command Reference describes dump diskettes), or at that point you
may reboot with CTRL-ALT-DEL.

To prevent applications from automatically restarting see (5.10) Clever
Tricks.  To restore the desktop to "factory defaults," use ALT-F1 when OS/2
2.1 starts.  See Appendix C of the OS/2 2.1 Using the Operating System
manual for details.  Note that if you have installed an OS/2 Service Pak
[See (4.6) Corrective Service Diskettes] the ALT-F1 sequence will restore
your desktop to the state it was found in just before installation of the
Service Pak.


 Related information:

 (4.6)  Corrective Service Diskettes
 (5.10) Clever Tricks


(5.4) Starting Background Processes

 How do I start a background process from the OS/2 command line?

Look up the START and DETACH commands in the online Command Reference.

If you wish to start a DOS session with nondefault settings, use a utility
such as STARTD.  If you wish to start an OS/2 session from a DOS session,
try OS2EXEC.  Both (and several others) are available from (3.2) Shareware
and Freeware Sources.


 Related information:

 (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources


(5.5) Adobe Type Manager

 How do I add new Adobe Type Manager typefaces?

(NOTE:  The answer to this question may be slightly inaccurate due to minor
changes made to Adobe Type Manager under OS/2 2.1.  This note will be
removed in a future release of the OS/2 Frequently Asked Questions List
after any necessary corrections have been made.)

OS/2 2.1 comes with built-in Adobe Type Manager (ATM) for OS/2 and
Win-OS/2.  A basic set of typefaces (Courier, Helvetica, and Times New
Roman) comes with OS/2 2.1 and is installed (if selected) for use under
both OS/2's and Win-OS/2's ATM.

Each typeface should come with three separate files with PFB, AFM, and INF
extensions.  To install a typeface for use under Win-OS/2, use the ATM
Control Panel.  The Win-OS/2 ATM Control Panel will then build a PFM file
from the INF file.  To install a typeface for use with OS/2-specific
applications, select OS/2 System -> System Setup -> Font Palette -> Edit
Font -> Add.

PFM files may converted to AFM files using the PFM2AFM utility, available
from (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources.  (However, these converted AFM
files sometimes produce unusual results.)  AFM files for Adobe commercial
typefaces are available via Internet anonymous ftp from
ftp.mv.us.adobe.com.  Many public domain typefaces for OS/2's ATM are
available from (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources.  Atech Software's
(phone 800-786-FONT) AllType and Ares Software's (phone [phone])
FontMonger convert between TrueType and Adobe Type 1 formats.

Typeface files may be shared by OS/2 ATM and Win-OS/2 ATM.  To do so,
install the typefaces using both the Font Palette and Win-OS/2 ATM Control
Panel, specifying the target path each time (most conveniently \PSFONTS).

Note that IOPL=YES should appear in CONFIG.SYS; the modules WPPWNDRV,
BVHSVGA, and PMATM are marked as requiring I/O privilege.


 Related information

 (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources


(5.6) Performance Tuning

 How do I tweak OS/2 2.1 for maximum performance?

For OS/2 overall, the CONFIG.SYS parameters MAXWAIT, TIMESLICE, PRIORITY,
PRIORITY_DISK_IO, PROTECTONLY, and cache settings (in the DISKCACHE line,
for FAT; or IFS line, for HPFS) can be tweaked.  The swap file should be
placed on the most used partition on the least used hard disk, and its
location is controlled by the SWAPPATH line.  See the online Command
Reference for details.

FAT partitions should be periodically defragmented.  A shareware
defragmenter for DOS called DOG (Disk OrGanizer) works well, as do many
others.  (You can boot DOS from a floppy disk to run such a utility.)

For the Workplace Shell, drag shadows of most often used items to the
desktop or to folders closer to the "surface" -- opening folders takes
time.  Drag shadows of program objects you use often (e.g.  the Win-OS/2
full screen Program Manager) to the Startup folder.  Disable animation (go
to OS/2 System -> System Setup -> System -> Window).  Use the faster
Details View when opening drive and folder objects; to set Details View as
the default, open the settings notebook for the object, select the Menu
tab, click on ~Open, then the Settings button, then select the Default
Action.

Try reducing the number of on screen colors or dropping down in screen
resolution to enhance speed.  Close (not just minimize; check the Window
List) unnecessary objects and applications.  Use the Monochrome scheme from
the Scheme Palette -- it provides marginally faster screen updates.
Consider adding more RAM.

For DOS programs, run full screen instead of windowed if speed is
important.  In DOS Settings for each application:  reduce conventional,
XMS, DPMI, and EMS memory allocations to the bare minimums required for
maximum performance; turn off VIDEO_RETRACE_EMULATION unless necessary;
adjust IDLE_SENSITIVITY; turn off DOS_BACKGROUND_EXECUTION if not needed;
change the HW_TIMER setting (particularly for games); enable
VIDEO_FASTPASTE if possible; turn on HW_ROM_TO_RAM.  Communications
programs should use hardware handshaking where possible (use OS/2's MODE
COMx command if necessary), and a buffered UART can prove helpful.  (DOS
programs running under OS/2 will not be aware of a buffered 16550AF UART.
OS/2 virtualizes the serial port and manages the buffer itself.)  For
faster printing set the DOS program's output port to LPTx.OS2 (where x is
the printer port number) -- use a "print to file" option if necessary.
Disable any DOS print spoolers; rely on OS/2's spooler instead.  Increase
CONFIG.SYS's PRINTMONBUFSIZE values.  Other, standard steps to enhance DOS
performance (e.g.  increasing BUFFERS in CONFIG.SYS) of course apply.

For Windows programs, run using a full screen desktop if speed is vital.
The Win-OS/2 Full Screen icon set up by the installation program has poor
Settings.  For better performance perform some of the same steps outlined
in the preceding paragraph, including VIDEO_RETRACE_EMULATION off.  The
same printer output advice also applies.  Consider disabling the Public
setting in the Clipboard.  If available, set VIDEO_8514A_XGA_IOTRAP to off.
If mouse control is lost when switching to/from the Win-OS/2 session, try
setting VIDEO_SWITCH_NOTIFICATION off.


 Related information:

 (1.3) DOS and Windows Compatibility
 (5.7) Measuring Performance and Memory Usage


(5.7) Measuring Performance and Memory Usage

 How do I measure OS/2 performance and memory usage?

OS/2 does not treat system resources like DOS.  Memory is treated as a
virtual resource, used intelligently.  For example, OS/2 will retain
unused, "dormant" code in memory if that memory is not otherwise required,
on the assumption that that code may be used again.  Also, all but a small
portion of OS/2 (and most applications, no matter how many are running) may
be paged to disk should a large amount of physical memory be required.
Utilities which display "free" memory, then, are only useful for rough,
relative measurements.  (Such utilities also often fail for another reason:
many only report the largest contiguous block of free physical RAM.  And a
few will never report more than 16 MB of RAM because they were designed for
OS/2 1.x.)

Similarly, utilities which purport to measure system load (e.g.  Pulse)
should not be relied upon for definitive performance measurement.
Subjective assessments are often much more reliable.  Pulse (and similar
utilities) rely on a measurement of processor time allocated to a thread
running at OS/2's lowest priority.  This method is sometimes subject to
erroneous results.

That said, more rigorous system performance optimization and monitoring
tools include SPM/2 (IBM), BenchTech (Synetik, phone [phone]), and
Performance 2.0 (Clear & Simple, phone [phone]).

Note that OS/2's swap file is designed to behave with hysteresis.  It will
not shrink in size as easily as it grows, under the assumption that swap
space needed once may be needed again.  It should shrink given enough time
and continued, less intense system loads.


 Related information:

 (5.6) Performance Tuning


(5.8) Displaying Background Bitmaps

 My background bitmap does not display correctly.  What's wrong?

Color bitmap images used for the Workplace Shell screen or folder
backgrounds may not display correctly (may have distorted or missing
colors) due to incorrect matching with OS/2's default palette.  Unlike
Windows, OS/2 does not adjust the palette to accommodate background bitmaps
(to keep the rest of the desktop from experiencing color distortions).
(Palette control is now available to applications running under the 32-bit
graphics engine with an appropriate display driver, however.)

To remedy the problem you may use the numerous background images which have
been specifically prepared for the Workplace Shell [available from (3.2)
Shareware and Freeware Sources] or you may use an image editing/conversion
utility which can create a proper, palette-matched bitmap file.  For
example, FracInt 17.2 [available from (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources]
may be used to import noninterlaced GIF, Windows BMP, and PCX files and
save them as palette matched OS/2 BMP files.

Note that background bitmap images impose some additional overhead, taking
up RAM and disk resources.  You should probably use them sparingly.  Also,
if you have set a Win-OS/2 background bitmap you may experience desktop
color distortions when running Windows programs "seamlessly."  Disable the
Win-OS/2 background bitmap to remedy the problem.


 Related information:

 (2.2) SuperVGA Support
 (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources


(5.9) Specific DOS Sessions

 How do I boot a real version of DOS from within OS/2 2.1?

Booting a real version of DOS under OS/2 provides certain features that the
OS/2 emulated DOS sessions cannot.  For example, a specific DOS session can
provide access to devices (like CD-ROM drives) and networks for which there
are only DOS device drivers.  A specific DOS session can also help get DOS
applications which generate spurious "divide by zero" errors running again.

You will be able to run one such session per hardware device.  So, for
example, if you have your DOS networking software loaded in one specific
DOS session, you may not start another, similar session.

Specific DOS sessions are discussed in the online Command Reference (under
VMDISK), the Master Help Index, and the printed Installation Guide
(Appendix E).  You should consult those resources first.  However, if you
are still unsure how to configure your system to run specific DOS sessions,
follow these steps:

1. Create a bootable DOS diskette.  Insert your DOS system diskette into
Drive A and reboot.  When you arrive at the "A>" prompt, type FORMAT A:  /S
and press ENTER.  (Note that you may wish to format the diskette for the
smallest capacity possible, to save hard disk space later on.  For example,
a 5.25 inch double density -- not high density -- diskette may be formatted
to just 160K by adding the /1 /N:8 parameters to the FORMAT command.)  When
prompted, insert a blank diskette into Drive A and press ENTER.  When the
FORMAT operation is complete, remove the diskette and restart OS/2.

2. Copy FSFILTER.SYS to the diskette.  Double click on OS/2 System ->
Command Prompts -> OS/2 Window.  Insert the diskette you just formatted
into Drive A. Copy the following file to your startable diskette:
\OS2\MDOS\FSFILTER.SYS.

3. Set up CONFIG.SYS.  Using a text editor (like the OS/2 System Editor)
create the file A:\CONFIG.SYS with the following lines at the top:

      DEVICE=A:\FSFILTER.SYS
      DEVICE=C:\OS2\MDOS\HIMEM.SYS
      DEVICE=C:\OS2\MDOS\EMM386.SYS
      DEVICE=C:\OS2\MDOS\ANSI.SYS

Change the "C:"  drive letter if OS/2 is installed on another drive.  Add
any other lines as required for your application (like CD-ROM or
networking), but do not include any XMS, EMS, mouse, or memory management
device drivers.  Make sure that everything is referenced with a drive
letter and path, as above.

4. Set up AUTOEXEC.BAT.  Likewise, create a file named A:\AUTOEXEC.BAT and
make sure that the first line reads:

      C:\OS2\MDOS\MOUSE

changing "C:"  if necessary.  Add any additional lines (like PATH, SET
PROMPT, and so on) as required by your application.

5. Test your DOS diskette.  Once you have configured the CONFIG.SYS and
AUTOEXEC.BAT files as you wish, double click on OS/2 System -> Command
Prompts -> DOS from Drive A:.  A DOS session should start.  Test for the
functionality you need (like access to your CD-ROM reader or network).  If
the session is not working properly, press CTRL-ESC and shut down the
session, edit CONFIG.SYS and/or AUTOEXEC.BAT as required, and repeat the
test.

6. Create the diskette image.  When you are satisfied that your specific
DOS session diskette functions properly, go back to the OS/2 Window and
type VMDISK A:  C:\DOS.IMG to create a diskette image file.  (If you want
the file to be located on another drive or in another directory, change
"C:\" accordingly.)

7. Create a program object for your specific DOS session.  Drag a program
object from your Templates folder to any target folder.  When the notebook
opens, enter a single asterisk (*) in the Program Name field, then click on
the right arrow in the lower right.  Select either DOS Window or DOS Full
Screen for the session type, as desired.  Click on the DOS Settings button,
and scroll down until you find the DOS_STARTUP_DRIVE property.  Enter
C:\DOS.IMG in the field at the upper right.  (If your image file is not
located on Drive C in the root directory, make the necessary changes.)
Change any other DOS Settings if necessary.  Click on the Save button, then
click on the General tab.  Give your program object a name.  Then close up
the notebook.

You should now be able to double click on your new program object to start
your specific DOS session.  If you require access to your diskette drive
(Drive A), use the FSACCESS command.  See the online Command Reference for
details.

When formatting your bootable DOS diskette, you may wish to use additional
command line parameters to create a diskette with a reduced capacity.  The
"smaller" the diskette, the less room the diskette image file created by
VMDISK will take on your hard disk.  See your DOS manual for details, or
use the example given above.


  Related information:

  (1.3) DOS and Windows Compatibility


(5.10) Clever Tricks

 Are there any clever tricks that apply to OS/2 2.1?

o To force DIR to display your directories in alphabetical order, with the
subdirectories listed first, add the line

    SET DIRCMD=/O:GN

to CONFIG.SYS; and, if you wish the same for your DOS command line
sessions, add the same line to AUTOEXEC.BAT.  You may also wish to run
DOSKEY to enable the command history feature.  (Shutdown and reboot for
changes to CONFIG.SYS to take effect.)

o Hold down SHIFT while resizing text windows to make size changes
permanent.

o If you want to configure your printer port(s) for shared access (so that
DOS programs, for example, can use them directly), go to your printer
object, click on it with mouse button two, select Open -> Settings, select
the Output tab, then double click on the port you wish to share.  Check the
appropriate box.

o While running a DOS graphics program in a window, use the graphics cut
and paste feature to clip a picture and paste it into the Icon Editor.  You
can then quickly and easily create custom icons for your applications.

o To disable the automatic application restart feature, create a
STARTUP.CMD file in the root directory of your OS/2 boot drive with the
following REXX script:

    /*  */
    call RxFuncadd 'SysLoadFuncs', 'RexxUtil', 'SysLoadFuncs'
    call SysLoadFuncs
    call SysIni 'USER', 'PM_WorkPlace:Restart', 'DELETE:'
    'exit'

or add the line

    SET RESTARTOBJECTS=STARTUPFOLDERSONLY

to your CONFIG.SYS.  To manually disable automatic application restart when
booting OS/2, hold down the left CTRL, left SHIFT, and F1 keys
simultaneously from the time the mouse pointer appears until icons are
displayed on the desktop.

o Use the Alarms applet to automatically start programs at specified times.

To start the Alarms applet minimized, put /I in the Optional Parameters
section of its program object settings.

o If you wish to dispense with the Workplace Shell (and its overhead),
particularly on low memory systems, change the line SET RUNWORKPLACE...  in
CONFIG.SYS to read SET RUNWORKPLACE=C:\OS2\CMD.EXE (replacing C, if
necessary, with a different drive letter).  In fact any program with job
control (e.g.  Enhanced Editor, HyperAccess/5) can be used as the shell.

o To implement a small scroll back buffer for your OS/2 command line
windows, use the command MODE CO80,102.  This procedure may be automated by
adding /K MODE CO80,102 in the Optional Parameters section of the OS/2
Window program object settings.

o If you do not want any command line parameters passed to a program object
that you start (for example, if you customize the desktop menu so that it
has an additional option which starts a command line prompt) place a lone %
in the Optional Parameters section of the program object settings.  If you
do wish to pass parameters, but you want the extraneous information that
the Workplace Shell passes to the object to be ignored, try putting && REM
% in the Optional Parameters section.

o If you want to move an icon a small distance, "grab" it from the edge
nearest the direction you want to move the icon.

o If you wish to place program output in the REXX queue (for processing by
a REXX program), try

    DIR *.TXT | RXQUEUE

as an example.  (In other words, pipe the program output to RXQUEUE.)  To
use this program output in your REXX program, try

    /* Sample */
    WHILE QUEUED() > 0
    PARSE PULL X
    SAY X
    END

o A clever way to manipulate files that are locked when the Workplace Shell
is running (e.g.  display drivers) is to add the line CALL=CMD.EXE at the
end of CONFIG.SYS.  Then Shutdown and reboot.  The system will restart with
an OS/2 command line prompt.  Type EXIT to proceed into the Workplace
Shell.  Using CALL is also a convenient way to configure OS/2's serial
ports using the MODE command.  For example:

    CALL=C:\OS2\MODE.COM COM2:38400,N,8,1,OCTS=OFF,RTS=ON,BUFFER=ON

configures COM2 for high speed RTS handshaking and buffered I/O.  You can
also use either CDD2 or SHIFTRUN; both utilities are available from (3.2)
Shareware and Freeware Sources.

Another way, which works well with display drivers, is to copy the new
DLL(s) to its(their) own directory (say, C:\NEW), then place that directory
name first in LIBPATH in CONFIG.SYS.  Shutdown and reboot.  OS/2 will use
that(those) DLL(s) before it attempts to use the one(s) located in
\OS2\DLL.  [This method is required when using a 16-bit OS/2 2.0 display
driver with OS/2 2.0 CSD Level 06055 or later.  See (4.6) Corrective
Service Diskettes.] To switch back to the old driver, edit CONFIG.SYS and
remove C:\NEW from LIBPATH, then Shutdown and reboot.

o To shutdown without a mouse, press CTRL-ESC, select the Desktop, then
press the spacebar (to deselect any icons, if necessary), SHIFT-F10, and
select Shutdown.

o If your video driver does not support "seamless" Windows, try running the
Win-OS/2 Program Manager in a DOS window.

o Selective Install should be used with caution when changing mouse or
display drivers.  Verify that proper changes have been made to CONFIG.SYS.

o If your settings notebooks (or PM Sticky Pads) do not display but are
listed in the Window List, click on the name of the settings notebook in
the Window List (brought up with CTRL-ESC) with mouse button two and select
Cascade.

o If your \OS2\*.INI files have grown large, use the CopyINI or WPSBackup
utilities to shrink them.  Both are available from (3.2) Shareware and
Freeware Sources.

o To restart the Workplace Shell (without saving desktop settings, perhaps
after an accidental Arrange), use a utility such as psPM [available from
(3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources] to terminate PMSHELL.

o To get rid of a WPS object that cannot be deleted, try one of the
following:

- Insert a blank diskette in Drive A, click on the stubborn object with
mouse button two, select Move, select the Path page, enter A:\, press
ENTER, then format the diskette;

- Use the WPSTools or Black Hole, available from (3.2) Shareware and
Freeware Sources.  (The WPSTools can also recreate desktop objects that
have been lost.)

o To load a device driver into high memory in a particular DOS session
change the DOS_DEVICE setting for the session and add SIZE=0 before the
path and filename for the device driver.  For example, the following
DOS_DEVICE entry:

    SIZE=0 C:\OS2\MDOS\ANSI.SYS

loads the ANSI.SYS device driver into high memory in that particular
session.

o If you wish to create diskettes from MAKEDSKF (.DSK) image files, such as
those contained on the CD-ROM version of OS/2, and you do not wish to use
the DOS and OS/2 utility LOADDSKF, you may use a workstation.  For example,
on an IBM RS/6000 you may use the command:

    dd if=(input filename) of=/dev/rfd0 ibs=1b obs=60b conv=sync

o To reboot the machine from the command line, use:

    SETBOOT /IBD:C

Change the last letter (C) if you want to boot from another drive.

o The settings notebooks now support drag and drop operations for assigning
icons and for changing menus.

To change the icon for an object, first open the settings notebook (click
on the object with the secondary mouse button, then select Open ->
Settings).  Click on the General tab.  Then drag any other object to the
icon located on the General page of the settings notebook.  The object's
icon will change to match.  If you want to restore it to its former state,
click on the Undo button.

To assign actions to menus, open the settings notebook, then click on the
Menu tab.  Click on any of the items in the Available menus section (or
Create another).  To add an Action, drag the desired program object to the
Actions on menu section.

o To quickly maximize a window, double click on its title bar.  To restore
the window to its former size, double click on the title bar again.

o Select the Flowed setting (on the View page of the settings notebook) for
fastest display when opening folders.

o If you have UNDELETE enabled, but you want to delete an occasional file
without the overhead incurred by having UNDELETE capability, use the /F
parameter with the DEL command.  Using this parameter (in either a DOS or
OS/2 Window) will bypass the routine which moves the file(s) to the
directory specified by the DELDIR environment variable.  The file(s)
is(are) deleted faster, but you will not be able to undelete it(them).  The
/N parameter will prevent prompting ("Are you sure?").

o OS/2 2.1 now includes the ability to set a power on password.  However,
if you have forgotten your password, and you cannot unlock your desktop
when you turn your machine on, try the following.  Start OS/2 from a
diskette boot [see (4.4) Starting OS/2 from Diskette] to get a command line
prompt.  At the prompt, enter the following commands:

    C:

(assuming OS/2 is installed on Drive C; change if necessary)

    MAKEINI OS2.INI LOCK.RC



  Related information:

  (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources
  (4.4) Starting OS/2 from Diskette
  (4.6) Corrective Service Diskettes


(5.11) REXX

 How do I use REXX?  What does it do?

REXX is built into every copy of OS/2 (where it is also known as Procedures
Language/2).  It is a general purpose, interpreted programming language
which was first released on IBM mainframes over a decade ago.  REXX is
extremely easy to learn and use.  It is particularly strong at string
manipulation, and it has features which are difficult to implement in
compiled languages (like the ability to read its own source code or execute
a string as a command).

OS/2 applications can use REXX as a common scripting language, which means
that users need not learn separate macro or script languages for each
application.  For example, the OS/2 versions of Lotus 1-2-3 and Borland
ObjectVision will interface with REXX.  OS/2's multimedia extensions
(MMPM/2) contain a REXX interface, so REXX programs can play, record, and
manipulate sound and video files.  And REXX can be used to create complex
batch files (with interactive prompting), since it is integrated so tightly
into OS/2's command processor.

A pair of REXX visual builders (programming tools which help create even
complex REXX applications quickly and easily using simple, drag and drop
manipulation of on screen objects), HockWare's VisPro/REXX and Watcom's VX
REXX, are now available.  [See (0.2) Recent Developments for more
information on these two programming tools.]

For more information on OS/2's REXX interpreter, see the REXX Information
online documentation located in the Information folder.  For more
information on REXX generally, consult the REXX Frequently Asked Questions
List [available from (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources].


 Related information:

 (0.2) Recent Developments
 (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources
 (3.6) Multimedia (MMPM/2)


(5.12) ANSI Escape Sequences

 What ANSI escape sequences can be used?

ANSI escape sequences provide cursor and screen control in OS/2 character
mode sessions.  By default ANSI support is turned ON (although it may be
turned off with the command ANSI OFF).  ANSI support is also available in
DOS sessions if the device driver ANSI.SYS is loaded.  See the online
Command Reference for details.

The following ANSI escape sequences are available:

  Key
  ESC       Refers to ASCII code 27 (i.e. the Escape key)
  #         Replace with the appropriate number
  ....      Replace with additional attributes, if desired

  Escape Code Sequence          Function
  Cursor Controls
  ESC[#;#H or ESC[#;#f          Moves cursor to line #, column #
  ESC[#A                        Moves cursor up # lines
  ESC[#B                        Moves cursor down # lines
  ESC[#C                        Moves cursor forward # spaces
  ESC[#D                        Moves cursor back # spaces
  ESC[#;#R                      Reports current cursor line and column
  ESC[s                         Saves cursor position for recall later
  ESC[u                         Return to saved cursor position
  Erase Functions
  ESC[2J                        Clear screen and home cursor
  ESC[K                         Clear to end of line
  Set Graphics Rendition
  ESC[#;#;....;#m               Set display attributes where # is
                                0 for normal display
                                1 bold on
                                4 underline (mono only)
                                5 blink on
                                7 reverse video on
                                8 nondisplayed (invisible)
                                30 black foreground
                                31 red foreground
                                32 green foreground
                                33 yellow foreground
                                34 blue foreground
                                35 magenta foreground
                                36 cyan foreground
                                37 white foreground
                                40 black background
                                41 red background
                                42 green background
                                43 yellow background
                                44 blue background
                                45 magenta background
                                46 cyan background
                                47 white background
  ESC[=#;7h                     Put screen in indicated mode where # is
                                0 for 40x25 black and white
                                1 40x25 color
                                2 80x25 black and white
                                3 80x25 color
                                4 320x200 color graphics
                                5 320x200 black and white graphics
                                6 640x200 black and white graphics
                                7 to wrap at end of line
  ESC[=#;7l                     Resets mode # set with above command
  Keyboard Reassignments
  ESC[#;#;....#p                The first ASCII code defines what is to be
                                changed; the remaining codes define what it
                                is to be changed to; strings are permitted.
                                Examples:
                                ESC[65;81p - A becomes Q
                                ESC[81;65p - Q becomes A
                                ESC[0;68;"dir";13p - Assign the F10 key to a
                                DIR command.
                                The 0;68 portion is the extended ASCII code
                                for the F10 key and 13 is the ASCII code
                                for a carriage return.  Other function key
                                codes: F1=59, F2=60, F3=61, ...  F10=68.

You can use ANSI escape sequences in the PROMPT environment variable to
create complex command line prompts.  See the online Command Reference
(under PROMPT) for details.

For example, if you have a color monitor, try editing your CONFIG.SYS file
so that

  SET PROMPT=$e[32;40m$e[1m[$P]$e[0m

to obtain a more colorful OS/2 command line prompt.  (Case is significant
in the example given.)  You can do the same for your DOS sessions if you
edit PROMPT in AUTOEXEC.BAT, assuming you have ANSI.SYS loaded.  Note that
the $i portion of your PROMPT will enable the help line at the top of the
window or screen.  It is not included in the example above.

To change the background color of your OS/2 command line sessions, modify
your CONFIG.SYS file so that this line is changed as shown:

  SET OS2_SHELL=C:\OS2\CMD.EXE /K BLUESCR.CMD

changing the drive letter, if necessary.  Then create a file named
BLUESCR.CMD which contains the following lines:

  @ECHO OFF
  PROMPT=$e[32;44;1m
  PROMPT $p$g
  CLS

Save the file to a directory that is named in the SET PATH line of your
CONFIG.SYS file.  Reboot.  Then, when you start an OS/2 command line, the
background color will be different.  You can change the numbers in the
first PROMPT line to obtain different colors.

If you are using JP Software's 32-bit 4OS2, and you would like the name of
the current working directory to appear in the title bar, try using the
following command:

  PROMPT `%@exec[window"%_cwd"]$h[$p]`


  Related information:

  (5.10) Clever Tricks


(6.1) Promoting OS/2

 What can I do to promote OS/2?

OS/2 is selling well, but there are steps you can take to assure that
hardware devices and software will be available for OS/2 in the future.
Customer requests do matter.

o Politely, firmly, and repeatedly request driver support from printer,
video adapter, and other hardware manufacturers.

o When you receive a mailing for DOS/Windows software with a postpaid
envelope, return the order form marked "Please send information on your
OS/2 version."

o Start a user group at your location.  Contact Gene Barlow (phone
214-402-6456) at IBM or mail [e-mail] for assistance.  Think
about how you can publicize your user group.  For instance, most local
newspapers and television stations will print/broadcast meeting
announcements for free.  Your local cable television company will be happy
to broadcast a videotape of your meeting on the public access channel.

o Correspond with members of the computer trade press.  Ask for reviews of
OS/2 software, hardware compatibility testing with OS/2, OS/2 benchmarking,
etc.  Respond politely but forcefully to press you think unfair; praise
good reporting.

o When you purchase a new system, ask the vendor to install OS/2 2.1, and
to offer credit for dropping DOS and Windows.  If the vendor refuses, you
may wish to take your business elsewhere.  AST, Northgate, ALR, Unisys,
Dell, Tangent, IBM, and Ariel Design all offer systems with OS/2 2.1
preloaded.

o Make sure your company (or yourself) specifies OS/2 compatibility when
purchasing new products.

o Demonstrate OS/2 to friends, relatives, and associates.

o Ask your computer store to stock OS/2 software titles, have OS/2
demonstration machines, etc.

o Pass along useful OS/2 shareware and freeware to your local BBS.  Be sure
to register OS/2 shareware.

o Write an outstanding piece of shareware or freeware [See (4.5) Technical
Support for details on joining DAP].  IBM has been known to recognize such
work with rewards.  Also, ask authors of DOS/Windows shareware and freeware
if they would port to OS/2, or volunteer.

o Recommend products that work well under OS/2; dissuade people from
purchasing products that do not.

o Wear OS/2 pins, shirts, buttons, and other souvenirs.  Contact Sue at
Lees/Keystone (phone [phone]) or the IBM OS/2 Hotline (phone
800-3-IBM-OS2) to order such items.

o Join Team OS/2, the international organization for OS/2 enthusiasts.  For
information on Team OS/2 events you should monitor the TEAMOS2 echomail
conference on your local FidoNet BBS.  If your local BBS does not carry
TEAMOS2, ask your system operator to get it.  See (4.11) OS/2 BBSes for the
names and numbers of several BBSes which carry TEAMOS2.  To join Team OS/2,
send your name, address, and telephone number to Vicci Conway
([e-mail]).


  Related information:

  (3.2)  Shareware and Freeware Sources
  (4.5)  Technical Support
  (4.11) OS/2 BBSes


(6.2) Creating INF Files

 How can I create INF files?

Creating INF files (like the OS/2 Frequently Asked Questions List) is
remarkably straightforward.  All you need is the Information Presentation
Facility Compiler (IPFC), part of the IBM Developer's Toolkit for OS/2 2.1
(available separately as IBM part no.  61G1416 or as part of many
development environments such as Borland C++ for OS/2), and a text editor
(like the Enhanced Editor included with OS/2).

Online IPFC documentation is included with the Toolkit, but you may also
wish to order the printed Information Presentation Facility Guide and
Reference, IBM Publication No.  S10G-6262.  See (4.9) Books and Magazines
for ordering instructions.  Note that the Toolkit is part of the low cost
OS/2 Professional Developer's Kit CD-ROM.  See (4.5) Technical Support for
details.

If you wish to include illustrations in your INF file you can use any
graphics software which can generate OS/2 bitmaps and/or metafiles.  (For
example, you may create your illustration in PM Chart, paste the
illustration into Picture Viewer, then save the illustration as a metafile.
Both PM Chart and Picture Viewer are included with OS/2 2.1.)  A screen
capture utility [like PM Camera or Galleria, available from (3.2) Shareware
and Freeware Sources] can also prove useful.


 Related information:

 (3.2) Shareware and Freeware Sources
 (4.5) Technical Support
 (4.9) Books and Magazines

[End of OS/2 Frequently Asked Questions List.]