The Unsorted BBS Collection/thegreatunsorted.tar/thegreatunsorted/texts/pirate_radio/408

Text File | 1993-12-18 | 25KB | 606 lines

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            Articles in this issue include:

Broadcasting Illegal Recordings.....            (Brian Matthew Dawson)
ITU DAB    intervention                    (Steve Buckley )
DAB FLASHBACK -    1992                    (Bruce Girard)
Highwater sources available #8                (San Francisco Fracta)
Re: RATINGS: Sacramento, CA                (b.j. mora)
Re: Chicago AM 1000 still WLUP                (C Lance Moxley)
Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB)            ("Dave Marthouse)
FARM RADIO                        (James D. Morrow)

------------------------------


------------------------------

Subject: Broadcasting Illegal Recordings.....
From: [e-mail] (Brian Matthew Dawson)
Organization: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY.

Can I leagally play live, in concert recordings (bootlegs) on my college
radio station?

    I'm the music director at WRPI in Troy NY, and I've just started
to enter the live/bootleg arena, and discoverd some recordings with
AMAZING sound quality. Some good enough to be released commercially!!
WRPI broadcasts at 10 000 watts to the Albany Capital District. We are
non-commercial, - and "educational", for what that's worth.

So, can I play them?  If not, what's the most discrete time to do so?

    Thanx^6           Brian Dawson         [e-mail]

------------------------------

From: Steve Buckley <[e-mail]>
Subject: ITU DAB intervention


Digital Audio Broadcasting - action request
-------------------------------------------

I have been asked, as convenor of the AMARC Action Committee on DAB,
to support a proposal from the Australian administration to the
forthcoming International Telecommunications Union
(Radiocommunications Sector) meeting in Geneva (18 October - 4 Nov).

The request has been made by the Community Broadcasting Association of
Australia. The proposal draws attention to some concerns with the
proposed DAB system known as Eureka 147. It recommends that more
research is required for the needs of local and community
broadcasters. I enclose a copy of the Australian proposal.

After consulting with colleagues I have prepared and sent a suitable
letter (also enclosed) to the following people:

Mr C Terzani, Chair ITU Study Group 10
Mr R. Zeitoun, Chair ITU Working Party 10-11S
Mr Andre Keller, Chair ITU Working Party 10B
Mr Frank Kozamernik, European Broadcasting Union

Several administrations will be sending delegates to ITU Working Party
10B which meets from 28 October to 4 November. I recommend that you
send a letter similar to that enclosed to the delegates from your
country who will attend this meeting in order to encourage their
support. This should be sent by fax to arrive by the 22 October.

I assume you will be aware or can find out who will be attending from
your country. If you can not find the correct contact I would
recommend you send your letter to the ITU (fax: [phone]) for
the attention of your country's delegation.

Regards


Steve Buckley
Vice President, AMARC


ITU Radiocommunications Sector Meeting, Geneva, October 1993
------------------------------------------------------------

I am writing on behalf of AMARC, the World Association of Community
Radio Broadcasters to express concerns at shortcomings in the Eureka
147 System Digital Audio Broadcasting. We would like these concerns to
be formally raised at the ITU-R meeting in Geneva this month. AMARC is
an international non-governmental organisation having category "C"
recognition with UNESCO and observer status with the ITU and serving
the international community radio movement.

There are today over 50 countries with some form of community radio
and in several countries community radio has grown to become a
substantial sector of the radio industry numbering hundreds of local
licence holders. Several thousand such services can be counted
worldwide.

Community radios are not run for profit, but offer a service to the
community in which they are located and promote the expression and
participation of the community in the radio. They serve towns, cities,
neighbourhoods, rural areas and special interests across wider areas.
Such services have proliferated with the independence and
affordability of FM technology.

We are aware of concern amongst our membership that the present Eureka
parameters provide a "central broadcaster" solution but fall short of
the flexibility which is required by local and community broadcasters.
This problem has also been raised in a study carried out last year for
the Council of Europe: "New technical developments in the sound
broadcasting sector and their impact on a mass media policy" (Ref:
CDMM (92)18).

The Eureka 147 System provides for multi-channel transmission over a
single transmitter or over a transmitter network but where Single
Frequency Networks are in use, access for local programme services may
be restricted. In theory a local service can be opted out from the
multiplex but there is insufficient evidence that such a shared
arrangement can be viable. There is a need for further research to
define systems with the flexibility to accomodate the needs of local
and community broadcasters within Single Frequency Networks or a
viable stand alone alternative.

We therefore support the Recommendation made by the Australian
administration in document 10B/[AUS1], 10-11S/[AUS1] dated 18 July
1993 and submitted to the ITU-Radiocommunications Sector Meeting in
Geneva calling for further research in this area. We ask that
delegates support the adoption of the proposal in respect of
incorporation of the following text, or similar, in CCIR Report 1203:

"Future digital sound broadcasting systems planning should accommodate
the needs of different requirements of broadcasters by providing
capacity for integrating networked, non-networked and local radio
services, and provide for local origination of programme material for
services that are networked for part of the time and need local
coverage at other times.

"Administrations are encouraged to study and provide further
contributions on planning options and methods of delivery of digital
sound broadcasting that address this need."

Please can you draw these comments to the attention of delegates at
the ITU-R meeting in Geneva.

Yours sincerely


------------------------------

Subject: DAB FLASHBACK - 1992
From: [e-mail] (Bruce Girard)
Organization: NONE

/* Written  6:25 pm  Oct 16, 1993 by peg:pbaatech in web:amarc.radio */
/* ---------- "DAB FLASHBACK - 1992" ---------- */
********DAB Set to Conquer the Airwaves*******

Unlike AM and FM radio broadcasting, which transmits an
analog (sound) signal adapted to frequencies which can be
heard by the human ear, Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB)
converts sound into binary code1's and 0's.

A decoder on the receiving end then translates this digital bit stream
back into an analog signal audible by the human ear.
There seems to be no doubt that DAB systems will be
implemented in the very near future.

The question is,
- which DAB system?
- Will DAB eventually replace FM broadcasting?
- What are the implications for community stations, especially those
   in so-called "developing countries?"

New cause for worry arose over the course of the Montreux DAB
Symposium, held in Switzerland, June 8-9, 1992. The stated
aim of the symposium was to present a strategy for the
world-wide introduction of DAB, proposed by the European
Broadcasting Union (EBU) in conjunction with the partners of
the EUREKA 147 project, the most advanced DAB system to date.

They are proposing that the EUREKA 147 project be used as a
world standard for all future digital audio broadcasting
systems.

While EUREKA 147 was not developed by the EBU, it seems that
the relationship between the EBU and EUREKA is akin to that
between a client (EBU) and a supplier (Eureka 147). In
addition, The EUREKA 147 project is made up of a number of
exclusively European organizations. some 20 partners in all, half of
whom are large equipment manufacturers.

There are huge profits to be made from the introduction of DAB,
with millions of receivers to replace, not to mention transmitting
equipment.

*******What this means for community broadcasters:

Community radio didn't seem to figure very highly in the
scheme of things at Montreux. This was confirmed by a Swiss
community broadcaster who represented the European Federation
of Free Radios (FERL) at the symposium. He stated that
community stations in Europe would not have the resources to
jump on the DAB bandwagon. And if that's the case in Europe,
it's highly doubtful that community broadcasters in Latin
America, Africa and Asia will be able to come up with the
cash to do so.

The near certain problems with DAB, for community radio,
hinge upon the fact that in Europe at least, DAB has its eyes on the FM
band, which is to say, on the eventual replacement of FM broadcasting,
with DAB.

The EUREKA 147 project does not incorporate an "in band" system
(which would allow FM stations to encode a DAB signal within their
existing FM transmissions, until such time as they could afford
to switch over entirely to DAB transmission), and has no plans to
develop one.

Other DAB projects in the works which do
incorporate an "in band" system, are lagging far behind
EUREKA 147; in other words, part of the world may be "obliged" to
adopt EUREKA 147 by default, with several countries hoping to
begin DAB transmissions within three years.

******The threat of centralized broadcasting:

The most disturbing aspect of this debate centers on the
potential dangers posed to the very nature of community radio
broadcasting, which could easily be compromised by the
introduction of DAB. Generally speaking, most community
stations, be they AM or FM, have their own studio to
transmitter link, and their own broadcast frequency. DAB may
change this set-up.

Using the example of the EUREKA 147 project, it's possible to
predict some of the problems DAB may impose upon community
stations. Their ability to provide "small" coverage to a
specific area may be jeopordized.

The Eureka system can be broadcast either terrestrially or by
satellite. Each transmitter sends a signal on a frequency
block 1,5 megahertz wide, each signal can carry five stereo
channels (a larger number of mono, stereo and data channels
can be carried in different combinations using this system).

There appears to be no economical means of providing small coverage,
short of implementing a full 1,5 megahertz block capable of carrying
five channels.

*******Conventional Planning

The city of Montreal (which is home to four community
stations) can be used as an example. A large, commercial
station (let's call it Radio Rich-RR) could put up a DAB
transmitter, set it to 50 Kilowatts, and cover a radius in excess of
35 kilometres, using one frequency block of 1.5 MHz carrying
five digital stereo programs.

Radio Centre-ville, which broadcasts multi-ethnic programming to a
smaller area, would not be able to use Radio Rich's transmitter, even if a
channel was available, since RR provides much wider coverage
than that needed by Centre-ville, and the costs of larger
coverage would be too expensive.

Centre-ville would have to install its own transmitter capable of carrying
five channels, though it would only need one channel to broadcast on.

Centre-ville could try to rent out the other 4 channels,
however, they could not share readily their chunk of
spectrum with CIBL-FM (another adjacent community station),
CIBL would need another chunk of spectrum, at a different
frequency, or else it would interfere with Centre-ville.

A community radio spectrum planner could arrange to tailor
small coverage stations in and around Montreal by using not
more than four different blocks of 1.5 megahertz. To keep it
simple, a given block can be reused, providing that it is not
reused in nearby areas, or else stations will interfere with
each other.

So while Radio Rich has covered its service area with one
block of 1.5 megahertz, using all five channels to reach a
very large audience, the community groups would have to use
four such blocks to provide small coverage to the same area.
This is not efficient, even if they use all five channels, beside,
they probably only need one!

As for rural stations they too could use all five stereo
channels to cover a larger area; however, this could present
a problem if a community station didn't need to make use of
all five channels. And while they could try to rent out data
channels, it seems unlikely that they'd be able to find other
stations in the region who could make use of the other four
available stereo channels.

******Single Frequency Network (SFN).

SFN is sort of like having digital retransmitting stations, a
small number of transmitters set up to provide better
coverage of large areas.  With DAB, all the transmitters would
be set to the same frequency blocks.  SFN is of little use to
community broadcasters, as SFN transmits the same programs over a
large area..There appears to be no scope for local program input at
any given transmitter, itself part of a SFN network.


So the community station wishing to implement a
service there will still have to set up their own service,
meaning their own 1,5 megaherz chunk of spectrum.

This issue of small coverage and network planning raises
important issues for community broadcasters in the third
world. While community broadcasters in countries such as
Canada or Australia may eventually find a compromise to accomodate
the small stations, with the assistance and cooperation of their
broadcasting authorities, this will probably not be the case for many
countries around the world.

***The Advantages of DAB

Proponents of DAB who work in community radio argue that DAB
will be beneficial to community broadcasters. First, DAB
requires a lot less wattage to broadcast than either AM or
FM. It is claimed that an area which requires a 10 watt FM
transmitter, could be covered with a one-watt DAB
transmitter.

Second, it's true that community stations could sell off
additional stereo and/or data channels, and thus cover the
costs of implementing DAB, and perhaps even generate
long-term funding. While this would involve a heavier
workload in terms of sales and administration, it could pay
off for some stations.

Third, DAB would be an excellent opportunity for community
stations to increase their coverage and their listenership.
Radio Centre-ville in Montral, for example, might decide
that it would be to its advantage to share a transmitter with
Radio Rich, thus covering the entire city, and reaching a
wider audience (which could also increase advertising
revenues and listener donations during fundraising
campaigns).

Conclusion
While this article examines some of the problems inherent in
Eureka 147, and examines the pros and cons of DAB for
community broadcasters, it is by no means comprehensive.

Other DAB systems (in-band systems) are in the works, and there is no
guarantee that Eureka 147 will be adopted as a world standard for DAB.

There may also be ways of getting around spectrum
limitations, allowing community broadcasters to solve the
problem of frequency distribution and coverage.

Regional community radio associations, as well as AMARC, have
a strong role to play in promoting discussion and the
exchange of information around DAB.

Christian Burnat Australia
Unpublished.October 1992.


------------------------------

Subject: Highwater sources available #8
From: [e-mail] (San Francisco Fractal Factory)
Organization: NETCOM On-line Communication Services (408 241-9760 guest)

These stories, from misc.activism.progressive
are compiled into Oct20 in pub/andyrose/Oct93
anon ftp netcom.com

If you especially would like to hear a story on
the Oct20 broadcast, please e-mail today.


. US Behind War in Angola
. Re: Clayoquot Winter 93
. HAITI: No to U.S./U.N. intervention!
. GM Goes for Union's Jugular
. CUBA: U.S. CITIZEN FIGHTS EMBARGO WITH A HAIRCUT
. Haiti: Clinton Needs Reality Check
. COHA Haiti Statement
. Env: New CFC Replacements Discovered
. New CFC Replacements Discovered
. 1-800-ECOLINE To Save The Planet
. Hemp Enforcement in California: A Costly and Wasteful War
. Economics of Cannabis Legalization
. PEACE ACTION WASHINGTON REPORT Oct 13
. Victory for Freedom of Info in California
. Landmark Online Law Passes in Calif.
. HandsNet WEEKLY DIGEST 10/10-16
. URGENT: House Demolition in West Bank
. CHOMSKY on CAPITALISM
. The Matrix equiv. of Aidid's militia...
. Clinton's Environmental Scam
. On the Picketline, Oct 7
. Nica: Strike Pushes Back Govt
. CPSR Annual Meeting in Seattle Oct 16-17
. WOMEN CALL FOR STIFF PENALTIES FOR RAPE. SWAZILAND
. Karens offer conditional peace talks with Burma
. The Govt & the "War on Drugs"
. Brazil: TIMBER COMPANIES SPEED UP MAHOGANY REMOVAL
. REMOVAL OF MAHOGANY
. BRAZIL: Court Victory, Logging on Indigenous lands
. Imp. Indigen. Rights Victory in Brazil
. 4 Shot in Indonesian dam protest
. Safe Food News - 10/6/93
. STOP FDA VITAMIN BAN
. Glaspie's Role in Somalia Hostilities?
-a

--
-37-

------------------------------

Subject: Re: RATINGS: Sacramento, CA
From: [e-mail] (b.j. mora)
Organization: NETCOM On-line Communication Services (408 241-9760 guest)

[e-mail] (Alan) writes:

> Why would anyone want four stations in the
> same market, all with the same format, when there are obvious gaps in the
> market?

but perhaps the country
stations are playing 'different' formats within country - contemporary,
classic, etc.

> NO CHR

i think KWOD used to be CHR before it began to lean modern.  Maybe KSFM, too.

> NO commercial jazz/new age.

KQPT used to be adult alternative, and actually did well for a time (top 10).
--
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
b.j. mora          | "And I realized my heart had abducted my mind
[e-mail]   |  And they were last seen headed south...." M.E.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

------------------------------

Subject: Re: Chicago AM 1000 still WLUP
From: [e-mail] (C Lance Moxley)
Organization: AISS/Telecom University of Illinois -- Urbana-Champaign


> [moderator responds:
> I believe they never should have
> messed with their mega-successful AM-1000.  The downfall, if you will,
> began when  Brandmeier switched with Steve and Garry, and then
> the subsequent signing of Stern, which I am sure they will regret.

This is it exactly. Radio has never been the same for me since!

--
C Lance Moxley                      Internet: [e-mail]
AISS/Telecommunications               BITNET: UNETCLM at UICVMC
University of Illinois                  UUCP: uunet!uiucuxc!uiuc.edu!clm

------------------------------

Subject:   Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB)
From: "Dave Marthouse N2AAM" <[e-mail]>
Organization: The Spectrum Radio Program

I know that a few standards have been put forward for digital audio broadcastin
in the US. I would be interested in a technical overview of the systems. I
would in addition love to hear from anyone who has caught a demmo of any of
the systems. Any information would be appreciated.
g
--
Dave Marthouse
Internet: [e-mail]


------------------------------

Subject:      FARM RADIO
From:         "James D. Morrow" <[e-mail]>
Organization: Central Michigan University

Hello,
      I am a graduate student researching contemporary farm radio formats for a
thesis paper. Right now, I am in the preliminary stage of gathering information
from radio stations with agriculture intensive formats and agricultural network
s.  I would appreciate hearing from anyone who might have some insight into
this subject.  Of special interest would be any information regarding the
uses and audience gratification of "farm radio" in rural/small markets.
     Also, I would like to hear about in locally originated programs geared
towards the agricultural community. Any comments may be sent directly to:

                         James Morrow <[e-mail]>


------------------------------


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