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1991-04-09
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Virus Name: Joshi
Aliases: Happy Birthday Joshi, Stealth Virus
V Status: Common
Discovered: June, 1990
Symptoms: BSC, machine hangs and message
Origin: India
Eff Length: N/A
Type Code: BRX - Resident Boot Sector/Partition Table Infector
Detection Method: ViruScan V64+, Pro-Scan 1.4+
Removal Instructions: CleanUp V66+, Pro-Scan 1.4+, RmJoshi,
or Low-Level Format Harddisk and DOS SYS floppies
General Comments:
The Joshi Virus was isolated in India in June 1990. At the time it was
isolated, it was reported to be widespread in India as well as
portions of the continent of Africa. Joshi is a memory resident
boot sector infector of 5.25" diskettes. It will also infect
hard disks, though in the case of hard disks it infects the partition
table or master boot sector rather than the boot sector (sector 0).
After a system has been booted from a Joshi-infected diskette, the
virus will be resident in memory. Joshi takes up approximately
6K of system memory, and infected systems will show that total
system memory is 6K less than is installed if the DOS CHKDSK program
is run.
Joshi has some similarities to two other boot sector infectors.
Like the Stoned virus, it infects the partition table of hard disks.
Similar to the Brain virus's method of redirecting all attempts to
read the boot sector to the original boot sector, Joshi does this with
the partition table.
On January 5th of any year, the Joshi virus activates. At that
time, the virus will hang the system while displaying the message:
"type Happy Birthday Joshi"
If the system user then types "Happy Birthday Joshi", the system
will again be usable.
This virus may be recognized on infected systems by powering off
the system and then booting from a known-clean write-protected
DOS diskette. Using a sector editor or viewer to look at the
boot sector of suspect diskettes, if the first two bytes of the
boot sector are hex EB 1F, then the disk is infected. The EB 1F
is a jump instruction to the rest of the viral code. The remainder
of the virus is stored on track 41, sectors 1 thru 5 on 360K
5.25 inch Diskettes. For 1.2M 5.25 inch diskettes, the viral code
is located at track 81, sectors 1 thru 5.
To determine if a system's hard disk is infected, you must look at
the hard disk's partition table. If the first two bytes of the
partition table are EB 1F hex, then the hard disk is infected. The
remainder of the virus can be found at track 0, sectors 2 thru 6.
The original partition table will be a track 0, sector 9.
The Joshi virus can be removed from an infected system by first
powering off the system, and then booting from a known-clean, write-
protected master DOS diskette. If the system has a hard disk, the
hard disk should have data and program files backed up, and the
disk must be low-level formatted. As of July 15, 1990, there are
no known utilities which can disinfect the partition table of the
hard disk when it is infected with Joshi. Diskettes are easier to
remove Joshi from, the DOS SYS command can be used, or a program
such as MDisk from McAfee Associates, though this will leave the
viral code in an inexecutable state on track 41.