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-
- Lesson 9
-
- LAYOUT
-
- Designing and laying out the text of a document can be a
- frustrating and time-consuming task. Perfect Writer attempts to
- make the process as simple and effortless as possible by offering
- an extensive group of Document Design commands. These commands
- (also called @-sign commands) relieve you of the tedious chore of
- changing margins, tabs, indentions, and line spacing each time you
- wish to alter the layout of part or all of your document. The
- Document Design commands will perform a variety of functions for
- you -- from automatically indenting and numbering a list, to
- placing section headings on the top (or bottom) of each page, to
- italicizing special words or phrases.
-
- The best way to learn the @-sign commands is to begin using
- them a few at a time. As you become more comfortable with
- Perfect Writer, incorporate one or two of these commands into
- your work. You will soon be using them regularly.
-
-
- Since space does not allow, we will not attempt in this
- lesson to cover every design command that Perfect Writer
- provides. Rather, we will give an overview of how the commands
- are used, followed by one or two examples. Following this, you
- will want to consult the Perfect Writer User's Guide for further
- examples and illustrations.
-
-
-
- PLACING A DOCUMENT DESIGN COMMAND
-
-
- Document Design commands are placed in the text of your
- document at the time it is created, prior to printing. However,
- unlike other editing commands, these do not take effect until the
- document is printed.
-
- For example:
-
- As discussed by Roberts, word processing is undergoing \
- a major revolution.@footnote{See Roberts, Joseph "The | <-- you type
- Software Revolution," Prentice-Hall, 1984.} /
-
- In this text the `@footnote' command will not be executed until
- the document is printed. When printed, the text contained within
- braces { } will be formatted as a footnote, numbered, and placed
- at the bottom of the page on which the reference occurs. This
- allows you to add and delete footnotes without having to go back
- and renumber them each time a change is made. The printed result
- will appear as:
-
- As discussed by Roberts, word processing is \
- undergoing a major revolution.1 |
- |
- | <-- you get
- |
- 1 See Roberts, Joseph "The Software Revolution," |
- Prentice-Hall, 1984. /
-
-
- As you can see from this example, the document design
- commands begin with an @-sign, followed by a command name. The
- text to be formatted is enclosed within "fences," which can be
- any of the following:
-
- (...) [...] {...} <...> "..." '...'
-
- Note that NO space is allowed between the command name and
- the fence.
-
- NESTING COMMANDS
-
- It is possible to "nest" @-sign commands so that more than
- one command affects the same portion of text. To avoid
- confusion, use different fences for the separate commands--e.g.,
- (...) and [...] . If fences are missing or improperly matched,
- error messages may result when you print, or worse, you may find
- yourself with strangely formatted text.
-
-
- BEGIN/END COMMAND FORM
-
- Perfect Writer provides a command form to help reduce the
- problem of mismatched fences just discussed. When the text to be
- formatted is long or contains other nested commands, use the
- "Begin/End" command form:
-
- ---> @begin(command name)
-
- text to be formatted would be here
-
- ---> @end(command name)
-
- All the text between the "@begin" and "@end" indicators will
- be formatted according to the command specified in parentheses.
- Only "environment" commands, which govern the layout and
- positioning of text, can be used with the Begin/End command
- form.
-
- THE ENVIRONMENTS
-
- Perfect Writer provides a number of different "Environment"
- commands that can be applied to a document as a whole, or to any
- portion of it. Environment commands determine the layout of text
- -- whether something is centered, numbered, itemized, justified,
- flushleft, flushright, and so on. For example, two environment
- commands automatically line up the return address and closing
- statement of a letter in the same right-hand column. Another
- lays out words and text in "glossary" form--i.e., with the word
- (or words) positioned at the left margin and their descriptive
- text set off in a block on the right.
-
- Two environment commands you are likely to use often are
- those for generating lists. Let us take a closer look at these.
- Suppose you want to include a numbered list in your document, a
- list that will contain indented sublists set off with dashes.
- You would use the "enumerate" and "itemize" environment commands
- as follows:
-
- @begin(enumerate) \
- Drawings |
- @itemize[charcoal | --- What you would type.
- |
- pen and ink] |
- |
- Paintings |
- @itemize[oil |
- |
- water color] |
- @end(enumerate) /
-
- This would produce:
-
- 1. Drawings \
- -charcoal |
- -pen and ink | --- The result when printed
- 2. Paintings | would look like this.
- -oil |
- -water color /
-
- You can see in this example how the Begin/End command form,
- although not necessary, helps clarify the area affected by the
- principal environment command, "enumerate." The nested "itemize"
- commands use brackets [ ] to fence the text they affect. Each
- blank line indicates to Perfect Writer the beginning of a new
- item.
-
-
- All of the Document Design commands are described in detail
- in your Perfect Writer manual. Chapter 17 contains lessons that
- illustrate several of the more common commands. The files for
- these lessons are located on the Lessons diskette. You may
- examine them using "Escape...Document...Read." The files are
- named "TEXT1" to "TEXT6" (with the exception of Text 3, which
- comes in two parts: TEXT3A and TEXT3B). To print any of these
- sample documents, follow the procedure outlined below.
-
-
-
-
- PRINTING
-
- Printing a document with @-sign commands is almost identical
- to printing any other document. Before you type `S' on the
- Printing Options menu to "Start" the printing process, you need
- to select the "Using @-Sign Commands" option, changing its
- default from NO to YES. Perfect Writer will then interpret the
- document design commands in your document, adjusting the layout
- accordingly, and send the result to the printer.
-
- When "Using @-Sign Commands" is set to YES, the "Preview On
- Screen" option appears. This option allows you to view your
- document on the screen, formatted as it would appear on paper.
- If you wish to see your formatted document before it is printed,
- select this option (changing its default from NO to YES). Then,
- when you type "S" to start, your document's @-sign commands will
- be interpreted, and the document will be sent to your screen,
- rather than to the printer.
-
- If you print your document without selecting the "Using
- @-Sign" option, your @-sign commands will remain as they appeared
- when inserted. This can be helpful for proofreading,
- particularly if you get an error message regarding one of the
- commands.
-
-
- GREATER EDITING FREEDOM
-
-
- As you may have observed, when using Perfect Writer's
- document design commands, what you see on the screen is not
- necessarily what you get! Although at first you may find this a
- strange and perhaps awkward way of doing things, you will soon
- realize that its ultimate effect is to free you from the burden
- of constantly having to adjust margins, tabs, line spacing,
- indentions, and so on.
-
-
-
- This concludes lesson 9. Lesson 10 reviews the use of
- Perfect Speller. If you want to go directly to that lesson,
- select:
-
- Escape...Document...Read and enter "lesson10."
-
- To return to the PSI Menu, select: Escape...Exit PW.
-
- End of Lesson 9