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$Unique_ID{COW03455}
$Pretitle{441}
$Title{Sweden
Statistical Profile of Sweden}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Central Intelligence Agency}
$Affiliation{United States Government}
$Subject{lan
km
swedish
rate
billion
seats
products
sweden
total
flag}
$Date{1990}
$Log{National Anthem*73200010.aud
Map of Sweden*0345501.scf
Flag of Sweden*0345502.scf
}
Country: Sweden
Book: CIA World Factbook
Author: Central Intelligence Agency
Affiliation: United States Government
Date: 1990
[Hear National Anthem]
[See Map of Sweden]
[See Flag of Sweden]
Statistical Profile of Sweden
Geography
Total area: 449,960 km2; land area: 411,620 km2
Comparative area: slightly larger than California
Land boundaries: 2,193 km total; Finland 536 km, Norway 1,657 km
Coastline: 3,218 km
Maritime claims:
Continental shelf: 200 meters or to depth of exploitation
Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate: temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool,
partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north
Terrain: mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west
Natural resources: zinc, iron ore, lead, copper, silver, timber,
uranium, hydropower potential
Land use: 7% arable land; 0% permanent crops; 2% meadows and pastures;
64% forest and woodland; 27% other; includes NEGL% irrigated
Environment: water pollution; acid rain
Note: strategic location along Danish Straits linking
Baltic and North Seas
People
Population: 8,401,098 (July 1989), growth rate 0.1% (1989)
Birth rate: 12 births/1,000 population (1989)
Death rate: 12 deaths/1,000 population (1989)
Net migration rate: 1 migrant/1,000 population (1989)
Infant mortality rate: 6 deaths/1,000 live births (1989)
Life expectancy at birth: 74 years male, 81 years female (1989)
Total fertility rate: 1.7 children born/woman (1989)
Nationality: noun--Swede(s); adjective--Swedish
Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population; small Lappish minority;
about 12% foreign born or first-generation immigrants (Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes,
Norwegians, Greeks, Turks)
Religion: 93.5% Evangelical Lutheran, 1.0% Roman Catholic, 5.5% other
Language: Swedish, small Lapp- and Finnish-speaking minorities; immigrants
speak native languages
Literacy: 99%
Labor force: 4,390,000; 32.8% private services, 30.0% government services,
22.0% mining and manufacturing, 5.9% construction, 5.0% agriculture, forestry,
and fishing, 0.9% electricity, gas, and waterworks (1986)
Organized labor: 90% of labor force (1985 est.)
Government
Long-form name: Kingdom of Sweden
Type: constitutional monarchy
Capital: Stockholm
Administrative divisions: 24 provinces (lan, singular and plural) and
1 city (stad); Alvsborgs Lan, Blekinge Lan, Gavleborgs Lan,
Goteborgs och Bohus Lan, Gotlands Lan, Hallands Lan, Jamtlands Lan,
Jonkopings Lan, Kalmar Lan, Kopparbergs Lan, Kristianstads Lan,
Kronobergs Lan, Malmohus Lan, Norrbottens Lan, Orebro Lan,
Ostergotlands Lan, Skaraborgs Lan, Sodermanlands Lan,
Stockholms Lan, Stockholms Stad, Uppsala Lan, Varmlands Lan,
Vasterbottens Lan, Vasternorrlands Lan, Vastmanlands Lan,
Independence: 6 June 1809, constitutional monarchy established
Constitution: 1 January 1975
Legal system: civil law system influenced by customary law; accepts
compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
National holiday: Day of the Swedish Flag, 6 June
Branches: legislative authority rests with unicameral parliament
(Riksdag); executive power vested in Cabinet, responsible to parliament;
Supreme Court
Leaders: CARL XVI Gustaf, King (since September 1973); Ingvar
CARLSSON, Prime Minister (since March 1986)
Suffrage: universal but not compulsory over age 18; after three years of
legal residence immigrants may vote in county and municipal but not national
elections
Elections: every three years; next scheduled for September 1991
Political parties and leaders: Moderate (conservative), Carl
Bildt; Center, Olaf Johansson; Liberal People's Party, Bengt Westerberg; Social
Democratic, Ingvar Carlsson; Left Party-Communist (VPK), Lars Werner; Swedish
Communist Party (SKP), Rune Pettersson; Communist Workers' Party, Rolf Hagel
Voting strength: (18 September 1988 election) total seats 349--Social
Democratic 156 seats, Communists 21 seats, Greens 20 seats; main opposition
nonsocialist parties--Moderate (conservative) 66 seats, Liberals 44 seats,
Center 42 seats
Communists: VPK and SKP; VPK, the major Communist party, is reported to
have roughly 17,800 members; in the 1988 election, the VPK attracted 5.8%
of the vote
Member of: ADB, CCC, Council of Europe, DAC, EC (Free Trade Agreement),
EFTA, ESA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA,
IDB--Inter-American Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO,
INTERPOL, INTELSAT, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IPU, ISO, ITU,
IWC--International, Whaling Commission, IWC--International Wheat Council, Nordic
Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Anders THUNBORG; Chancery at
Suite 1200, 600 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington DC 20037;
telephone (202) 944-5600; there are Swedish Consulates General in Chicago,
Los Angeles, Minneapolis, and New York;
US--Ambassador Gregory J. NEWELL; Embassy at Strandvagen 101,
S-115 27 Stockholm; telephone [46] (8) 7835300
Flag: blue with a yellow cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the
vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the
Dannebrog (Danish flag)
Economy
Overview: Aided by a long period of peace and neutrality during World War
I through World War II, Sweden has achieved a high standard of living under a
welfare state system. It has virtually full employment with less than 2% of
the work force unemployed in 1987. Sweden is highly industrialized, has a modern
distribution system, excellent internal and external communications, and a
skilled and intelligent labor force. Timber, hydropower, and iron ore
constitute the resource base of an economy that is heavily oriented toward
foreign trade. Privately owned firms account for about 90% of industrial output,
of which the engineering sector accounts for 50% of output and exports.
In 1987 real GDP grew by 3.1% and the budget deficit declined. On the
negative side, inflation increased and higher wage costs eroded the country's
competitiveness in foreign markets.
GNP: $116.5 billion, per capita $13,897; real growth rate 3.1% (1987)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 6.9% (June 1988)
Unemployment rate: 1.9% (1987)
Budget: revenues $53.4 billion; expenditures $58.5 billion,
including capital expenditures of $10.4 (FY88)
Exports: $44.5 billion (f.o.b., 1987); commodities--machinery,
motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood, iron and steel products,
chemicals, petroleum and petroleum products; partners--EC 50.0%,
(FRG 11.5%, UK 10.4%, Denmark 8.0%), US 11.2%, Norway 11.2%, less developed
countries 9.3%
Imports: $40.7 billion (c.i.f., 1987); commodities--machinery,
petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, foodstuffs,
iron and steel, clothing; partners--EC 57.2% (FRG 20.5%, UK 10.4%,
Denmark 6.8%), US 7.8%, less developed countries 7.3%, Norway 5.6%
External debt: $62.5 billion (December 1986)
Industrial production: growth rate 4.5% (1987)
Electricity: 39,161,000 kW capacity; 182,105 million kWh produced,
21,700 kWh per capita (1988)
Industries: iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and
telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods,
motor vehicles
Agriculture: animal husbandry predominates, with milk and dairy products
accounting for 37% of farm income; main crops--grains, sugar beets, potatoes;
100% self-sufficient in grains and potatoes, 85% self-sufficient in sugar beets
Aid: donor--ODA and OOF commitments (1970-86), $7.8 billion
Currency: Swedish krona (plural--kronor);
1 Swedish krona (SKr) = 100 ore
Exchange rates: Swedish kronor (SKr) per US $1--6.