$Unique_ID{COW03455} $Pretitle{441} $Title{Sweden Statistical Profile of Sweden} $Subtitle{} $Author{Central Intelligence Agency} $Affiliation{United States Government} $Subject{lan km swedish rate billion seats products sweden total flag} $Date{1990} $Log{National Anthem*73200010.aud Map of Sweden*0345501.scf Flag of Sweden*0345502.scf } Country: Sweden Book: CIA World Factbook Author: Central Intelligence Agency Affiliation: United States Government Date: 1990 [Hear National Anthem] [See Map of Sweden] [See Flag of Sweden] Statistical Profile of Sweden Geography Total area: 449,960 km2; land area: 411,620 km2 Comparative area: slightly larger than California Land boundaries: 2,193 km total; Finland 536 km, Norway 1,657 km Coastline: 3,218 km Maritime claims: Continental shelf: 200 meters or to depth of exploitation Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm Territorial sea: 12 nm Climate: temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north Terrain: mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west Natural resources: zinc, iron ore, lead, copper, silver, timber, uranium, hydropower potential Land use: 7% arable land; 0% permanent crops; 2% meadows and pastures; 64% forest and woodland; 27% other; includes NEGL% irrigated Environment: water pollution; acid rain Note: strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas People Population: 8,401,098 (July 1989), growth rate 0.1% (1989) Birth rate: 12 births/1,000 population (1989) Death rate: 12 deaths/1,000 population (1989) Net migration rate: 1 migrant/1,000 population (1989) Infant mortality rate: 6 deaths/1,000 live births (1989) Life expectancy at birth: 74 years male, 81 years female (1989) Total fertility rate: 1.7 children born/woman (1989) Nationality: noun--Swede(s); adjective--Swedish Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population; small Lappish minority; about 12% foreign born or first-generation immigrants (Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks) Religion: 93.5% Evangelical Lutheran, 1.0% Roman Catholic, 5.5% other Language: Swedish, small Lapp- and Finnish-speaking minorities; immigrants speak native languages Literacy: 99% Labor force: 4,390,000; 32.8% private services, 30.0% government services, 22.0% mining and manufacturing, 5.9% construction, 5.0% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 0.9% electricity, gas, and waterworks (1986) Organized labor: 90% of labor force (1985 est.) Government Long-form name: Kingdom of Sweden Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Stockholm Administrative divisions: 24 provinces (lan, singular and plural) and 1 city (stad); Alvsborgs Lan, Blekinge Lan, Gavleborgs Lan, Goteborgs och Bohus Lan, Gotlands Lan, Hallands Lan, Jamtlands Lan, Jonkopings Lan, Kalmar Lan, Kopparbergs Lan, Kristianstads Lan, Kronobergs Lan, Malmohus Lan, Norrbottens Lan, Orebro Lan, Ostergotlands Lan, Skaraborgs Lan, Sodermanlands Lan, Stockholms Lan, Stockholms Stad, Uppsala Lan, Varmlands Lan, Vasterbottens Lan, Vasternorrlands Lan, Vastmanlands Lan, Independence: 6 June 1809, constitutional monarchy established Constitution: 1 January 1975 Legal system: civil law system influenced by customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Day of the Swedish Flag, 6 June Branches: legislative authority rests with unicameral parliament (Riksdag); executive power vested in Cabinet, responsible to parliament; Supreme Court Leaders: CARL XVI Gustaf, King (since September 1973); Ingvar CARLSSON, Prime Minister (since March 1986) Suffrage: universal but not compulsory over age 18; after three years of legal residence immigrants may vote in county and municipal but not national elections Elections: every three years; next scheduled for September 1991 Political parties and leaders: Moderate (conservative), Carl Bildt; Center, Olaf Johansson; Liberal People's Party, Bengt Westerberg; Social Democratic, Ingvar Carlsson; Left Party-Communist (VPK), Lars Werner; Swedish Communist Party (SKP), Rune Pettersson; Communist Workers' Party, Rolf Hagel Voting strength: (18 September 1988 election) total seats 349--Social Democratic 156 seats, Communists 21 seats, Greens 20 seats; main opposition nonsocialist parties--Moderate (conservative) 66 seats, Liberals 44 seats, Center 42 seats Communists: VPK and SKP; VPK, the major Communist party, is reported to have roughly 17,800 members; in the 1988 election, the VPK attracted 5.8% of the vote Member of: ADB, CCC, Council of Europe, DAC, EC (Free Trade Agreement), EFTA, ESA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IDB--Inter-American Development Bank, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, INTELSAT, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IPU, ISO, ITU, IWC--International, Whaling Commission, IWC--International Wheat Council, Nordic Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Anders THUNBORG; Chancery at Suite 1200, 600 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington DC 20037; telephone (202) 944-5600; there are Swedish Consulates General in Chicago, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, and New York; US--Ambassador Gregory J. NEWELL; Embassy at Strandvagen 101, S-115 27 Stockholm; telephone [46] (8) 7835300 Flag: blue with a yellow cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) Economy Overview: Aided by a long period of peace and neutrality during World War I through World War II, Sweden has achieved a high standard of living under a welfare state system. It has virtually full employment with less than 2% of the work force unemployed in 1987. Sweden is highly industrialized, has a modern distribution system, excellent internal and external communications, and a skilled and intelligent labor force. Timber, hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of an economy that is heavily oriented toward foreign trade. Privately owned firms account for about 90% of industrial output, of which the engineering sector accounts for 50% of output and exports. In 1987 real GDP grew by 3.1% and the budget deficit declined. On the negative side, inflation increased and higher wage costs eroded the country's competitiveness in foreign markets. GNP: $116.5 billion, per capita $13,897; real growth rate 3.1% (1987) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 6.9% (June 1988) Unemployment rate: 1.9% (1987) Budget: revenues $53.4 billion; expenditures $58.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $10.4 (FY88) Exports: $44.5 billion (f.o.b., 1987); commodities--machinery, motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood, iron and steel products, chemicals, petroleum and petroleum products; partners--EC 50.0%, (FRG 11.5%, UK 10.4%, Denmark 8.0%), US 11.2%, Norway 11.2%, less developed countries 9.3% Imports: $40.7 billion (c.i.f., 1987); commodities--machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, foodstuffs, iron and steel, clothing; partners--EC 57.2% (FRG 20.5%, UK 10.4%, Denmark 6.8%), US 7.8%, less developed countries 7.3%, Norway 5.6% External debt: $62.5 billion (December 1986) Industrial production: growth rate 4.5% (1987) Electricity: 39,161,000 kW capacity; 182,105 million kWh produced, 21,700 kWh per capita (1988) Industries: iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles Agriculture: animal husbandry predominates, with milk and dairy products accounting for 37% of farm income; main crops--grains, sugar beets, potatoes; 100% self-sufficient in grains and potatoes, 85% self-sufficient in sugar beets Aid: donor--ODA and OOF commitments (1970-86), $7.8 billion Currency: Swedish krona (plural--kronor); 1 Swedish krona (SKr) = 100 ore Exchange rates: Swedish kronor (SKr) per US $1--6.2558 (January 1989), 6.1272 (1988), 6.3404 (1987), 7.1236 (1986), 8.6039 (1985) Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June Communication Railroads: 12,520 km total; Swedish State Railways (SJ)--11,180 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 6,960 km electrified and 1,152 km double track; 182 km 0.891-meter gauge; 117 km rail ferry service; privately owned railways--511 km 1.435-meter standard gauge, 332 km electrified; 371 km 0.891-meter gauge electrified Highways: 97,400 km (51,899 km paved, 20,659 km gravel, 24,842 km unimproved earth) Inland waterways: 2,052 km navigable for small steamers and barges Pipelines: 84 km natural gas Ports: Gavle, Goteborg, Halmstad, Helsingborg, Kalmar, Malmo, Stockholm; numerous secondary and minor ports Merchant marine: 170 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,637,024 GRT/1,727,015 DWT; includes 1 passenger, 12 short-sea passenger, 27 cargo, 3 container, 39 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 12 vehicle carrier, 2 railcar carrier, 25 petroleum, oils, and lubricants (POL) tanker, 22 chemical tanker, 1 liquefied gas, 8 combination ore/oil, 5 specialized liquid cargo, 12 bulk, 1 combination bulk Civil air: 65 major transports Airports: 260 total, 257 usable; 137 with permanent-surface runways; 11 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 91 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: excellent domestic and international facilities; 8,200,000 telephones; stations--4 AM, 55 FM (320 relays), 110 TV (825 relays); 5 submarine coaxial cables; 2 communication satellite ground stations operating in the INTELSAT and EUTELSAT systems Defense Forces Branches: Royal Swedish Army, Royal Swedish Air Force, Royal Swedish Navy Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,108,659; 1,846,449 fit for military service; 57,030 reach military age (19) annually Military budget: $3.212 billion, 7.9% of central government budget (FY88)