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$Unique_ID{COW02794}
$Pretitle{294Q}
$Title{Papua New Guinea
Statistical Profile of Papua New Guinea}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Central Intelligence Agency}
$Affiliation{United States Government}
$Subject{new
papua
rate
guinea
km
million
population
billion
courts
national}
$Date{1990}
$Log{National Anthem*68500010.aud
Map of Papua New Guinea*0279401.scf
Flag of Papua New Guinea*0279402.scf
}
Country: Papua New Guinea
Book: CIA World Factbook
Author: Central Intelligence Agency
Affiliation: United States Government
Date: 1990
[Hear National Anthem]
[See Map of Papua New Guinea]
[See Flag of Papua New Guinea]
Statistical Profile of Papua New Guinea
Geography
Total area: 461,690 km2; land area: 451,710 km2
Comparative area: slightly larger than California
Land boundary: 820 km with Indonesia
Coastline: 5,152 km
Maritime claims: (measured from claimed archipelagic baselines)
Continental shelf: 200 meters or to depth of exploitation
Extended economic zone: 200 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate: tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast
monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation
Terrain: mostly mountains with coastal lowlands and rolling foothills
Natural resources: gold, copper, silver, natural gas, timber,
oil potential
Land use: NEGL% arable land; 1% permanent crops; NEGL% meadows and
pastures; 71% forest and woodland; 28% other
Environment: one of world's largest swamps along southwest coast;
some active volcanos; frequent earthquakes
Note: shares island of New Guinea with Indonesia
People
Population: 3,736,386 (July 1989), growth rate 2.3% (1989)
Birth rate: 35 births/1,000 population (1989)
Death rate: 12 deaths/1,000 population (1989)
Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1989)
Infant mortality rate: 97 deaths/1,000 live births (1989)
Life expectancy at birth: 54 years male, 55 years female (1989)
Total fertility rate: 5.1 children born/woman (1989)
Nationality: noun--Papua New Guinean(s); adjective--Papua New Guinean
Ethnic divisions: predominantly Melanesian and Papuan; some Negrito,
Micronesian, and Polynesian
Religion: over half of population nominally Christian (490,000
Roman Catholic, 320,000 Lutheran, other Protestant sects); remainder indigenous
beliefs
Language: 715 indigenous languages; English spoken by 1-2%, pidgin
English widespread, Motu spoken in Papua region
Literacy: 32%
Labor force: 1,660,000; 732,806 in salaried employment; 54% agriculture,
25% government, 9% industry and commerce, 8% services (1980)
Organized labor: more than 50 trade unions, some with fewer than 20
members
Government
Long-form name: none
Type: independent parliamentary state within Commonwealth recognizing
Elizabeth II as head of state
Capital: Port Moresby
Administrative divisions: 20 provinces; Central, Chimbu,
Eastern Highlands, East New Britain, East Sepik, Enga, Gulf, Madang, Manus,
Milne Bay, Morobe, National Capital, New Ireland, Northern, North Solomons,
Sandaun, Southern Highlands, Western, Western Highlands, West New Britain
Independence: 16 September 1975 (from UN trusteeship under Australian
administration)
Constitution: 16 September 1975
Legal system: based on English common law
National holiday: Independence Day, 16 September (1975)
Branches: executive--National Executive Council; legislature--House of
Assembly (109 members); judiciary--court system consists of Supreme Court of
Papua New Guinea and various inferior courts (district courts, local courts,
children's courts, wardens' courts)
Leaders: Ignatius KILAGE, Governor General (since 28 February
1989); Rabbie NAMALIU, Prime Minister (since July 1988)
Suffrage: universal adult
Elections: preferential-type election for House of Assembly every five
years, last held in June 1987; parliament ousted Prime Minister Wingti
after a no-confidence motion passed 58 to 50 on 4 July 1988
Political parties: Pangu Party, People's Progress Party, United Party,
Papua Besena, National Party, Melanesian Alliance
Communists: no significant strength
Member of: ADB, ANRPC, CIPEC (associate), Commonwealth, ESCAP, FAO, G-77,
GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL,
ITU, South Pacific Commission, SPF, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Renagi R. LOHIA; Chancery at
Suite 350, 1330 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington DC 20036;
telephone (202) 659-0856;
US--Ambassador Everett E. BIERMAN; Embassy at Armit Street, Port Moresby
(mailing address is P. O. Box 1492, Port Moresby); telephone [675] 211-455
or 594, 654
Flag: divided diagonally from upper hoist-side corner; the upper triangle
is red with a soaring yellow bird of paradise centered; the lower triangle is
black with five white five-pointed stars of the Southern Cross constellation
centered
Economy
Overview: Papua New Guinea is richly endowed with natural resources, but
exploitation has been hampered by the rugged terrain and the high cost of
developing an infrastructure. The economy is based on agriculture and mining.
Agriculture provides a subsistence livelihood for more than half the
population. Mining of numerous deposits, including copper and gold, accounted
for about 60% of export earnings in 1987.
GDP: $2.93 billion, per capita $745; real growth rate 2.9% (1987 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 5% (1988 est.)
Unemployment rate: 5% (1988)
Budget: revenues $962 million; expenditures $998 million,
including capital expenditures of $169 million (1988)
Exports: $1.17 billion (f.o.b., 1987); commodities--gold, copper
ore, coffee, copra, palm oil, timber, lobster; partners--FRG, Japan,
Australia, UK, Spain, US
Imports: $1.10 billion (f.o.b., 1987); commodities--machinery and
transport equipment, fuels, food, chemicals, consumer goods;
partners--Australia, Singapore, Japan, US, New Zealand, UK
External debt: $2.5 billion (December 1988)
Industrial production: growth rate NA%
Electricity: 364,000 kW capacity; 1,300 million kWh produced,
360 kWh per capita (1988)
Industries: copra crushing, oil palm processing, plywood processing,
wood chip production, gold, silver, copper, construction, tourism
Agriculture: copra, cocoa, coffee, rubber, oil palm, tea
Aid: Australia, commitments (1970-85) $4.5 billion; US commitments,
including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $222 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA
and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-85) $6 million
Currency: kina (plural--kina); 1 kina (K) = 100 toea
Exchange rates: kina (K) per US$1--0.8235 (January 1989),
0.8667 (1988), 0.9081 (1987), 0.9713 (1986), 1.0000 (1985)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications
Highways: 19,200 km total; 640 km paved, 10,960 km gravel, crushed stone,
or stabilized-soil surface, 7,600 km unimproved earth
Inland waterways: 10,940 km
Ports: Anewa Bay, Lae, Madang, Port Moresby, Rabaul
Merchant marine: 11 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 17,848 GRT/28,060
DWT; includes 6 cargo, 3 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 2 bulk
Civil air: about 15 major transport aircraft
Airports: 555 total, 429 usable; 19 with permanent-surface runways; 1
with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 39 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: services are adequate and being improved; facilities
provide radiobroadcast, radiotelephone and telegraph, coastal radio,
aeronautical radio, and international radiocommunication services; submarine
cables extend to Australia and Guam; 51,700 telephones (1985); stations--31 AM,
2 FM, 2 TV (1987); 1 satellite station
Defense Forces
Branches: Papua New Guinea Defense Force
Military manpower: males 15-49, 933,445; 518,323 fit for military service
Military budget: $37 million, 3.8% of central government budget
(1988 est.)