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$Unique_ID{COW02511}
$Pretitle{264}
$Title{Mozambique
Statistical Profile of Mozambique}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Central Intelligence Agency}
$Affiliation{United States Government}
$Subject{km
rate
million
mozambique
est
total
maputo
}
$Date{1990}
$Log{National Anthem*66500010.aud
Map of Mozambique*0251101.scf
Flag of Mozambique*0251102.scf
}
Country: Mozambique
Book: CIA World Factbook
Author: Central Intelligence Agency
Affiliation: United States Government
Date: 1990
[Hear National Anthem]
[See Map of Mozambique]
[See Flag of Mozambique]
Statistical Profile of Mozambique
Geography
Total area: 801,590 km2; land area: 784,090 km2
Comparative area: slightly less than twice the size of California
Land boundaries: 4,571 km total; Malawi 1,569 km, South Africa 491 km,
Swaziland 105 km, Tanzania 756 km, Zambia 419 km, Zimbabwe 1,231 km
Coastline: 2,470 km
Maritime claims:
Extended economic zone: 200 nm
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate: tropical to subtropical
Terrain: mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in
northwest, mountains in west
Natural resources: coal, titanium
Land use: 4% arable land; NEGL% permanent crops; 56% meadows and
pastures; 20% forest and woodland; 20% other; includes NEGL% irrigated
Environment: severe drought and floods occur in south; desertification
People
Population: 14,275,301 (July 1989), growth rate 1.8% (1989)
Birth rate: 47 births/1,000 population (1989)
Death rate: 18 deaths/1,000 population (1989)
Net migration rate: - 10 migrants/1,000 population (1989)
Infant mortality rate: 142 deaths/1,000 live births (1989)
Life expectancy at birth: 45 years male, 48 years female (1989)
Total fertility rate: 6.5 children born/woman (1989)
Nationality: noun--Mozambican(s); adjective--Mozambican
Ethnic divisions: majority from indigenous tribal groups; about
10,000 Europeans, 35,000 Euro-Africans, 15,000 Indians
Religion: 60% indigenous beliefs, 30% Christian, 10% Muslim
Language: Portuguese (official); many indigenous dialects
Literacy: 14%
Labor force: NA, but 90% engaged in agriculture
Organized labor: 225,000 workers belong to a single union,
the Mozambique Workers' Organization (OTM)
Government
Long-form name: People's Republic of Mozambique
Type: people's republic
Capital: Maputo
Administrative divisions: 10 provinces (provincias,
singular--provincia); Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Nampula,
Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia
Independence: 25 June 1975 (from Portugal)
Constitution: 25 June 1975
Legal system: based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law
National holiday: Independence Day, 25 June (1975)
Branch: unicameral legislature (People's Assembly), last convened in
December 1988
Leaders: Chief of State Head of Government Joaquim Alberto
CHISSANO, President (since
November
1986); Mario da Graca MACHUNGO, Prime Minister (since July 1986)
Suffrage: universal adult
Elections: legislative elections held in many areas of the country
in 1986
Political parties and leaders: Front for the Liberation of Mozambique
(FRELIMO) is the only legal party and is a Marxist organization with close ties
to the USSR
Communists: about 60,000 FRELIMO members
Member of: AfDB, CCC, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO,
IFAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, ITU, NAM, OAU, SADCC, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Valeriano FERRAO; Chancery at
Suite 570, 1990 M Street NW, Washington DC 20036; telephone (202) 293-7146;
US--Ambassador Melissa F. WELLS; Embassy at 3rd Floor, 35 Rua Da Mesquita,
Maputo (mailing address is P. O. Box 783, Maputo); telephone 743167 or 744163
Flag: three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with
a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in
white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed
rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book
Economy
Overview: One of Africa's poorest countries, Mozambique has a per capita
GDP of under $100. The nation has failed to exploit the economic potential
of its large agricultural, hydropower, and transportation resources. Agriculture
is the most important sector of the economy, accounting for nearly 50% of GDP
and for a major share of exports. Industry contributes roughly 10% to GDP,
depending heavily upon agricultural products for processing. Over the past
decade the economy has experienced a dramatic deterioration. After growing at
more than 2% annually during the period 1977-81, GDP declined at an annual rate
of 8% between 1981 and 1986. Agricultural output is at only 75% of its 1981
level, and grain has to be imported. Problems persist, with industry operating
at only 20-40% of capacity, and the economy is heavily dependent upon foreign
assistance to stay afloat.
GNP: $500 million, per capita less than $100; real growth rate 4.0%
(1987 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 15% (1987 est.)
Unemployment rate: 25% (1987 est.)
Budget: revenues $122 million; expenditures $321 million,
including capital expenditures of $64 million (1987 est.)
Exports: $85.9 million (f.o.b., 1987 est.); commodities--shrimp 48%,
cashews 21%, sugar 10%, copra 3%, citrus 3%; partners--US, Western
Europe, GDR, Japan
Imports: $642 million (c.i.f., 1987 est.), including aid;
commodities--food, clothing, farm equipment, petroleum;
partners--US, Western Europe, USSR
External debt: $1.7 billion (December 1987)
Industrial production: growth rate 5.7% (1987)
Electricity: 2,263,000 kW capacity; 1,741 million kWh produced,
120 kWh per capita (1988)
Industries: food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints),
petroleum products, textiles, nonmetallic mineral products (cement, glass,
asbestos), tobacco
Agriculture: cash crops--cotton, cashew nuts, sugar, tea, copra, sisal,
rice; other crops--corn, wheat, peanuts, potatoes, beans, sorghum, cassava
Aid: NA
Currency: metical (plural--meticais); 1 metical (Mt) = 100 centavos
Exchange rates: meticais (Mt) per US$1--645 (January 1989),
404 (June 1987), NA (1986), NA (1985)
Fiscal year: calendar year
Communications
Railroads: 3,797 km total; 3,649 km 1.067-meter gauge; 148 km 0.762-meter
narrow gauge; Malawi-Nacala, Malawi-Beira, and Zimbabwe-Maputo lines are
subject to closure because of insurgency
Highways: 26,498 km total; 4,593 km paved; 829 km gravel, crushed stone,
stabilized soil; 21,076 km unimproved earth
Inland waterways: about 3,750 km of navigable routes
Pipelines: 306 km crude oil (not operating); 289 km refined products
Ports: Maputo, Beira, Nacala
Merchant marine: 5 cargo ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 8,329
GRT/12,698 DWT
Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft
Airports: 214 total, 171 usable; 27 with permanent-surface runways; 6
with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 30 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: fair system of troposcatter, open-wire lines, and
radio relay; 57,400 telephones; stations--9 AM, 3 FM, 1 TV; 1 Atlantic Ocean
INTELSAT station; 3 domestic satellite stations
Defense Forces
Branches: Mozambique Armed Forces (including Army, Border Guard, Naval
Command, Air Force)
Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,224,904; 1,852,171 fit for military
service
Military budget: $74 million, 34.6% of central government budget (1987)