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$Unique_ID{COW01539}
$Pretitle{374}
$Title{Guinea
Glossary}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{George L. Harris}
$Affiliation{HQ, Department of the Army}
$Subject{french
franc
guinea
guinean
october
value
}
$Date{1973}
$Log{}
Country: Guinea
Book: Area Handbook for Guinea
Author: George L. Harris
Affiliation: HQ, Department of the Army
Date: 1973
Glossary
AOF-Afrique Occidentale Francaise (French West Africa). Federation of
French West African territories established in 1894; replaced by the French
Community (q.v.) beginning in 1958; AOF ceased to exist officially on
January 21, 1959.
CER-Centre de'Education Revolutionnaire (Center of Revolutionary
Education). Term used generally as a synonym for school in Guinea; based on a
change of educational concepts in the late 1960s whereby all schools were to
be transformed into institutions that provided a work-study program, combining
production and education.
extended family-A kin group consisting of two or more related nuclear
families (q.v.). For example, a man, his wife or wives, his unmarried
children, his married sons, their wives and children.
franc area-The monetary area formed by the states of the former French
Community (q.v.) with the exception of French Somaliland but with the
addition of Tunisia, Togo, and Cameroon. The currencies of these countries are
tied to the French franc and are freely transferable. Also know as the franc
zone.
French Community-A politicoeconomic association of France and its former
overseas possessions. Formed in 1958, it replaced the French Union, which
was the successor of the French colonial empire. Of the French overseas
territories, Guinea alone rejected membership in the French Community and
chose independence instead.
GDP-Gross domestic product. The total value of productive activity
occurring within the national border, theoretically obtained by adding up the
estimated value added by each productive sector of the economy. The value
added by each producer is equivalent to actual or imputed wages, profits, and
other incomes payable for factor services. GDP differs from gross national
product (GNP), which excludes the value of net factor payments to nonresidents
(interest, profits, and salary remittances). Monetary GDP excludes the imputed
value of subsistence production.
GNP-Gross national product. See GDP.
griot-A member of a traditional caste of musicians, genealogists, and
praise singers; the term may be applied in the modern context to anyone who
regularly sings another's praises.
Guinean franc-Guinean currency from March 1, 1960, to October 2, 1972.
Until introduction of the Guinean franc (GF), currency was the African
Financial Community franc (Communaute Financiere Africaine franc-CFAF) tied
to the French franc (CFAF50-equaled one French franc); exchange rate per US $1
was CFAF246.8 from 1958 through February 1960. After introduction of the
Guinean franc, official exchange rate per US $1 was GF246.8 from March 1, 1960,
through December 31, 1971, and GF227.365 from January 1, 1972, through
October 1, 1972; Guinean syli (q.v.) introduced on October 2, 1972.
Guinean syli-Guinean currency, adopted on October 2, 1972; one Guinean
syli (GS1) consists of 100 cauris. Official exchange rate per US $1 was GS22.7
from October 2, 1972, through February 13, 1973, and subsequently GS20.46
Syli, a Soussou word meaning elephant, has been redefined by President Toure
as "the will of the people of Guinea to destroy colonialism, neocolonialism,
and imperialism."
harmattan-Hot, dry wind from the Sahara Desert that blows from the
northeast and prevails over much of West Africa during the dry seasons.
jihad-A religious duty imposed on Muslims by the sharia (q.v.) for the
spread of Islam. Popularly known as "holy war," it is waged against
unbelievers and enemies of the faith. Followers may fulfill their jihad duty
in four different ways: by the heart, the tongue, the hand, and the sword.
lineage (patrilineage, matrilineage)-A group of people who can trace
their descent from a known common ancestor; a partrilineage if descent is
traced only through males, a matrilineage if descent is traced only through
females.
loi-cadre-Legislation passed by French Parliament in 1956, setting up a
new structural framework for governing the overseas territories. It granted
universal suffrage and gave broad legislative powers to the territorial
assemblies.
nuclear family-A kin group consisting of a man, his wife, and their
unmarried children.
PDG-Parti Democratique de Guinee (Democratic Party of Guinea). Since
the republic's establishment in 1958, this has been the only political party
permitted by the governing administration.
PRL-Pouvoir Revolutionnaire Local (Local Revolutionary Power); basic
unit of local government. Operates at village and town-ward level with
politicoeconomic responsibilities; completely enmeshed with the apparatus of
the PDG (q.v.).
sharia-The body of formally established, sacred Islamic law. It is based
primarily on Allah's commandments as found in the Koranic theory it
governs religious matters and also regulates political, economic, civil,
criminal, ethical, social, and domestic affairs in Muslim countries. In
practice it is commonly supplemented by the customary law of a region and by
government legislation and administrative practice. Courts applying this law
are called shariat courts.
The Sudan-General term for the broad zone of Africa between the southern
edge of the Sahara Desert and the upper limit of the tropical rain forests.
The zone extends from the Atlantic coast of Guinea eastward to Ethiopia and
the Red Sea. The term derives from "Bilad as Sudan" (Land of the Blacks),
which originated with medieval Arab writers.
World Bank Group-Consists of the International Bank for Reconstruction
and Development (IBRD, commonly known as the World Bank) and its two financial
affiliates, the International Finance Corporation (IFC), which became
operational in 1956, and the International Development Association (IDA),
which became operational in 1960. IFC works specifically with the private
sector in developing countries, and IDA operates in the same sectors and with
the same policies as the IBRD but provides credits only to the poorer
developing countries and on easier terms than conventional IBRD loans.