$Unique_ID{COW01539} $Pretitle{374} $Title{Guinea Glossary} $Subtitle{} $Author{George L. Harris} $Affiliation{HQ, Department of the Army} $Subject{french franc guinea guinean october value } $Date{1973} $Log{} Country: Guinea Book: Area Handbook for Guinea Author: George L. Harris Affiliation: HQ, Department of the Army Date: 1973 Glossary AOF-Afrique Occidentale Francaise (French West Africa). Federation of French West African territories established in 1894; replaced by the French Community (q.v.) beginning in 1958; AOF ceased to exist officially on January 21, 1959. CER-Centre de'Education Revolutionnaire (Center of Revolutionary Education). Term used generally as a synonym for school in Guinea; based on a change of educational concepts in the late 1960s whereby all schools were to be transformed into institutions that provided a work-study program, combining production and education. extended family-A kin group consisting of two or more related nuclear families (q.v.). For example, a man, his wife or wives, his unmarried children, his married sons, their wives and children. franc area-The monetary area formed by the states of the former French Community (q.v.) with the exception of French Somaliland but with the addition of Tunisia, Togo, and Cameroon. The currencies of these countries are tied to the French franc and are freely transferable. Also know as the franc zone. French Community-A politicoeconomic association of France and its former overseas possessions. Formed in 1958, it replaced the French Union, which was the successor of the French colonial empire. Of the French overseas territories, Guinea alone rejected membership in the French Community and chose independence instead. GDP-Gross domestic product. The total value of productive activity occurring within the national border, theoretically obtained by adding up the estimated value added by each productive sector of the economy. The value added by each producer is equivalent to actual or imputed wages, profits, and other incomes payable for factor services. GDP differs from gross national product (GNP), which excludes the value of net factor payments to nonresidents (interest, profits, and salary remittances). Monetary GDP excludes the imputed value of subsistence production. GNP-Gross national product. See GDP. griot-A member of a traditional caste of musicians, genealogists, and praise singers; the term may be applied in the modern context to anyone who regularly sings another's praises. Guinean franc-Guinean currency from March 1, 1960, to October 2, 1972. Until introduction of the Guinean franc (GF), currency was the African Financial Community franc (Communaute Financiere Africaine franc-CFAF) tied to the French franc (CFAF50-equaled one French franc); exchange rate per US $1 was CFAF246.8 from 1958 through February 1960. After introduction of the Guinean franc, official exchange rate per US $1 was GF246.8 from March 1, 1960, through December 31, 1971, and GF227.365 from January 1, 1972, through October 1, 1972; Guinean syli (q.v.) introduced on October 2, 1972. Guinean syli-Guinean currency, adopted on October 2, 1972; one Guinean syli (GS1) consists of 100 cauris. Official exchange rate per US $1 was GS22.7 from October 2, 1972, through February 13, 1973, and subsequently GS20.46 Syli, a Soussou word meaning elephant, has been redefined by President Toure as "the will of the people of Guinea to destroy colonialism, neocolonialism, and imperialism." harmattan-Hot, dry wind from the Sahara Desert that blows from the northeast and prevails over much of West Africa during the dry seasons. jihad-A religious duty imposed on Muslims by the sharia (q.v.) for the spread of Islam. Popularly known as "holy war," it is waged against unbelievers and enemies of the faith. Followers may fulfill their jihad duty in four different ways: by the heart, the tongue, the hand, and the sword. lineage (patrilineage, matrilineage)-A group of people who can trace their descent from a known common ancestor; a partrilineage if descent is traced only through males, a matrilineage if descent is traced only through females. loi-cadre-Legislation passed by French Parliament in 1956, setting up a new structural framework for governing the overseas territories. It granted universal suffrage and gave broad legislative powers to the territorial assemblies. nuclear family-A kin group consisting of a man, his wife, and their unmarried children. PDG-Parti Democratique de Guinee (Democratic Party of Guinea). Since the republic's establishment in 1958, this has been the only political party permitted by the governing administration. PRL-Pouvoir Revolutionnaire Local (Local Revolutionary Power); basic unit of local government. Operates at village and town-ward level with politicoeconomic responsibilities; completely enmeshed with the apparatus of the PDG (q.v.). sharia-The body of formally established, sacred Islamic law. It is based primarily on Allah's commandments as found in the Koranic theory it governs religious matters and also regulates political, economic, civil, criminal, ethical, social, and domestic affairs in Muslim countries. In practice it is commonly supplemented by the customary law of a region and by government legislation and administrative practice. Courts applying this law are called shariat courts. The Sudan-General term for the broad zone of Africa between the southern edge of the Sahara Desert and the upper limit of the tropical rain forests. The zone extends from the Atlantic coast of Guinea eastward to Ethiopia and the Red Sea. The term derives from "Bilad as Sudan" (Land of the Blacks), which originated with medieval Arab writers. World Bank Group-Consists of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD, commonly known as the World Bank) and its two financial affiliates, the International Finance Corporation (IFC), which became operational in 1956, and the International Development Association (IDA), which became operational in 1960. IFC works specifically with the private sector in developing countries, and IDA operates in the same sectors and with the same policies as the IBRD but provides credits only to the poorer developing countries and on easier terms than conventional IBRD loans.