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$Unique_ID{COW01306}
$Pretitle{367}
$Title{Finland
Statistical Profile of Finland}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Central Intelligence Agency}
$Affiliation{United States Government}
$Subject{km
rate
seats
party
finnish
total
billion
democratic
finland
population}
$Date{1990}
$Log{National Anthem*57400010.aud
Map of Finland*0130601.scf
Flag of Finland*0130602.scf
}
Country: Finland
Book: CIA World Factbook
Author: Central Intelligence Agency
Affiliation: United States Government
Date: 1990
[Hear National Anthem]
[See Map of Finland]
[See Flag of Finland]
Statistical Profile of Finland
Geography
Total area: 337,030 km2; land area: 305,470 km2
Comparative area: slightly smaller than Montana
Land boundaries: 2,578 km total; Norway 729 km, Sweden 536 km,
USSR 1,313 km
Coastline: 1,126 km excluding islands and coastal indentations
Maritime claims:
Contiguous zone: 6 nm
Continental shelf: 200 meters or to depth of exploitation
Exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm
Territorial sea: 4 nm
Climate: cold temperate; potentially subarctic, but comparatively mild
because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea,
and more than 60,000 lakes
Terrain: mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes
and low hills
Natural resources: timber, copper, zinc, iron ore, silver
Land use: 8% arable land; 0% permanent crops; NEGL% meadows and pastures;
76% forest and woodland; 16% other; includes NEGL% irrigated
Environment: permanently wet ground covers about 30% of land;
population concentrated on small southwestern coastal plain
Note: long boundary with USSR; Helsinki is northernmost national
capital on European continent
PEOPLE
Population: 4,963,592 (July 1989), growth rate 0.3% (1989)
Birth rate: 12 births/1,000 population (1989)
Death rate: 10 deaths/1,000 population (1989)
Net migration rate: NEGL migrants/1,000 population (1989)
Infant mortality rate: 6 deaths/1,000 live births (1989)
Life expectancy at birth: 71 years male, 79 years female (1989)
Total fertility rate: 1.7 children born/woman (1989)
Nationality: noun--Finn(s); adjective--Finnish
Ethnic divisions: Finn, Swede, Lapp, Gypsy, Tatar
Religion: 97% Evangelical Lutheran, 1.2% Eastern Orthodox, 1.8% other
Language: 93.5% Finnish, 6.3% Swedish (both official); small Lapp- and
Russian-speaking minorities
Literacy: almost 100%
Labor force: 2,570,000; 33.1% services, 22.9% mining and manufacturing,
13.8% commerce, 10.3% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 7.2% construction,
7.1% transportation and communications (1986)
Organized labor: 80% of labor force
Government
Long-form name: Republic of Finland
Type: republic
Capital: Helsinki
Administrative divisions: 12 provinces (laanit, singular--laani);
Ahvenanmaa, Hame, Keski-Suomi, Kuopio, Kymi, Lappi, Mikkeli, Oulu,
Pohjois-Karjala, Turku ja Pori, Uusimaa, Vaasa
Independence: 6 December 1917 (from Soviet Union)
Constitution: 17 July 1919
Legal system: civil law system based on Swedish law; Supreme Court
may request legislation interpreting or modifying laws; accepts compulsory
ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
National holiday: Independence Day, 6 December (1917)
Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with president and
unicameral legislature (Eduskunta); executive power vested in president and
exercised through coalition Cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court,
four superior courts, 193 lower courts
Leaders:
Chief of State--President Mauno KOIVISTO (since 27 January 1982);
Head of Government--Prime Minister Harri HOLKERI (since 30 April 1987);
Deputy Prime Minister Kalevi SORSA (since NA )
Suffrage: universal, 18 years and over; not compulsory
Elections: parliamentary, every four years (next in March 1991);
presidential, every six years (next in January 1994)
Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic Party, Pertti Paasio;
Center Party, Paavo Vayrynen; People's Democratic League (majority Communist
front), Reijo Kakela; National Coalition (Conservative) Party, Ilkka Suominen;
Liberal People's Party, Kyosti Lallukka; Swedish People's Party, Christoffer
Taxell; Rural Party, Pekka Vennamo; Finnish Communist Party (majority Communist
faction), Jarmo Wahlstrom; Finnish Communist Party-Unity (minority faction),
Jouko Kajanoja; Democratic Alternative (minority Communist front), Kristiina
Halkola; Finnish Christian League, Esko Almgren; Constitutional Rightist Party;
Finnish Pensioners Party; Greens
Voting strength: (1987 parliamentary election) 24.3% Social Democratic
(56 seats), 23.9% Conservative (53 seats), 18.6% Center-Liberal (40 seats),
9.4% People's Democratic League (16 seats), 6.3% Rural (9 seats), 5.3% Swedish
Peoples (13 seats), 4.3% Democratic Alternative (4 seats), 4.0% Greens
(4 seats), 2.6% Christian League (5 seats), 1.2% Pensioners (no seats),
0.1% Constitutional Rightist (no seats)
Communists: 28,000 registered members; an additional 45,000 persons
belong to People's Democratic League
Member of: ADB, CCC, CEMA (special cooperation agreement), DAC, EC
(free trade agreement), EFTA (associate), ESA (associate), FAO, GATT, IAEA,
IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICES, ICO, IDA, IDB--Inter-American Development Bank, IFAD,
IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IMO, INTERPOL, IPU,
ITU, IWC--International Wheat Council, Nordic Council, OECD, UN, UNESCO, UPU,
WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG
Diplomatic representation: Ambassador Jukka VALTASAARI; Chancery at
3216 New Mexico Avenue NW, Washington DC 20016; telephone (202) 363-2430;
there are Finnish Consulates General in Los Angeles and New York,
and Consulates in Chicago and Houston;
US--Ambassador Rockwell A. SCHNABEL; Embassy at Itainen Puistotie
14ASF-00140, Helsinki (mailing address is APO New York 09664);
telephone [358] (0) 171931
Flag: white with a blue cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the
vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the
Dannebrog (Danish flag)
Economy
Overview: Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market
economy. Its main economic force is the manufacturing sector--principally
the wood, metals, and engineering industries. Trade is important, with the
export of goods contributing about 25% to GNP. Except for timber and
several minerals, Finland depends on imported raw materials, energy, and
some components of manufactured goods. Because of the climate, agricultural
development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic commodities.
During the 1980s the economic growth rate exceeded the average of all European
OECD countries for every year except 1986.
GNP: $87.7 billion, per capita $17,780; real growth rate 3.6% (1987)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4.1% (1987)
Unemployment rate: 5.1% (1987)
Budget: revenues $26.9 billion; expenditures $28.1 billion,
including capital expenditures of NA (1988)
Exports: $20.0 billion (f.o.b., 1987);
commodities--timber, paper and pulp, ships, machinery, clothing and
footwear;
partners--EC 37.7% (UK 10.3%, FRG 9.5%), USSR 20.2%, Sweden 14.7%,
US 5.4%
Imports: $19.8 billion (c.i.f., 1987);
commodities--foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals,
transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics, fodder
grains;
partners--EC 42.9% (FRG 16.9%, UK 6.5%), USSR 15.2%, Sweden 13.4%,
US 4.8%
External debt: $NA
Industrial production: growth rate 4.2% (1987)
Electricity: 13,119,000 kW capacity; 47,894 million kWh produced, 9,700
kWh per capita (1988)
Industries: metal manufacturing and shipbuilding, forestry and wood
processing (pulp, paper), copper refining, foodstuffs, textiles, clothing
Agriculture: animal husbandry, especially dairying, predominates;
forestry important as a secondary occupation for the rural population; main
crops--cereals, sugar beets, potatoes; 85% self-sufficient, but short of
food and fodder grains
Aid: donor--ODA and OOF commitments (1970-86), $1.5 billion
Currency: markka (plural