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$Unique_ID{COW01271}
$Pretitle{228}
$Title{Ethiopia
Statistical Profile of Ethiopia}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Central Intelligence Agency}
$Affiliation{United States Government}
$Subject{km
rate
government
september
total
ethiopia
fy87
population
president
administrative}
$Date{1990}
$Log{National Anthem*57100010.aud
Map of Ethiopia*0127101.scf
Flag of Ethiopia*0127102.scf
}
Country: Ethiopia
Book: CIA World Factbook
Author: Central Intelligence Agency
Affiliation: United States Government
Date: 1990
[Hear National Anthem]
[See Map of Ethiopia]
[See Flag of Ethiopia]
Statistical Profile of Ethiopia
Geography
Total area: 1,221,900 km2; land area: 1,101,000 km2
Comparative area: slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Land boundaries: 5,141 km total; Djibouti 459 km, Kenya 861 km,
Somalia 1,600 km, Sudan 2,221 km
Coastline: 1,094 km
Maritime claim:
Territorial sea: 12 nm
Disputes: southern half of the boundary with Somalia is a Provisional
Administrative Line; possible claim by Somalia based on unification of ethnic
Somalis; territorial dispute with Somalia over the Ogaden; separatist movement
in Eritrea; antigovernment insurgency in Tigray
Climate: tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation;
prone to extended droughts
Terrain: high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great
Rift Valley
Natural resources: small reserves of gold, platinum, copper, potash
Land use: 12% arable land; 1% permanent crops; 41% meadows and pastures;
24% forest and woodland; 22% other; includes NEGL% irrigated
Environment: geologically active Great Rift Valley susceptible to
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion;
desertification; famine
Note: strategic geopolitical position along world's busiest
shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; major resettlement
project ongoing in rural areas will significantly alter rural geography,
population distribution, and settlement patterns over the next several
decades
People
Population: 49,762,492 (July 1989), growth rate 3.1% (1989)
Birth rate: 45 births/1,000 population (1989)
Death rate: 15 deaths/1,000 population (1989)
Net migration rate: 0 migrants/1,000 population (1989)
Infant mortality rate: 113 deaths/1,000 live births (1989)
Life expectancy at birth: 50 years male, 53 years female (1989)
Total fertility rate: 7.0 children born/woman (1989)
Nationality: noun--Ethiopian(s); adjective--Ethiopian
Ethnic divisions: 40% Oromo, 32% Amhara and Tigrean, 9% Sidamo, 6%
Shankella, 6% Somali, 4% Afar, 2% Gurage, 1% other
Religion: 40-45% Muslim, 35-40% Ethiopian Orthodox, 15-20% animist, 5%
other
Language: Amharic (official), Tigrinya, Orominga, Arabic, English (major
foreign language taught in schools)
Literacy: 35% (est.)
Labor force: NA; 90% agriculture and animal husbandry; 10% government,
military, and quasi-government; 51% of population of working age (1985)
Organized labor: All Ethiopian Trade Union formed by the government in
January 1977 to represent 273,000 registered trade union members
Government
Long-form name: People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Type: Communist state
Capital: Addis Ababa
Administrative divisions: 14 administrative regions (plural--NA,
singular--kifle hager); Arsi, Bale, Eritrea, Gamo Gofa, Gojam,
Gonder, Harerge, Ilubabor, Kefa, Shewa, Sidamo, Tigray, Welega,
Welo; note--the administrative structure may have changed to 25 administrative
regions (astedader akababiwach, singular--astedader akababee) and 5 autonomous
regions* (rasgez akababiwach, singular--rasgez akababee); Addis Ababa,
Arsi, Aseb*, Asosa, Bale, Borena, Dire Dawa*, East Gojam,
East Harerge, Eritrea*, Gambela, Gamo Gofa, Ilubabor, Kefa, Metekel,
Nazaret, North Gonder, North Shewa, North Welo, Ogaden*, Omo, Sidamo,
South Gonder, South Shewa, South Welo, Tigray*, Welega, West Gojam,
West Harerge, West Shewa
Independence: oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest
in the world--at least 2,000 years
Constitution: 12 September 1987
Legal system: complex structure with civil, Islamic, common, and
customary law influences; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
National holiday: National Revolution Day, 12 September (1974)
Branches: executive power exercised by president, elected for
five-year term by the National Assembly (Shengo); 835-member legislature
has nominal powers, elected every five years; Cabinet headed by prime
minister, appointed by president; judiciary at higher levels based on Western
pattern, at lower levels on traditional pattern
Leader:
Chief of State--President MENGISTU Haile-Mariam (Chairman from
September 1977 until becoming President on 10 September 1987); Vice
President FISSEHA Desta (since 10 September 1987);
Head of Government--Prime Minister FIKRE-SELASSIE Wogderess (since
10 September 1987)
Suffrage: all citizens 18 years of age and over
Elections: National Assembly elected in June 1987; President
elected in September 1987
Political party and leader: Ethiopian Workers Party (WPE), Mengistu
Haile-Mariam, secretary general
Other political or pressure groups: important dissident groups include
Eritrean Liberation Front (ELF), Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF)
in Eritrea; Tigrean People's Liberation Front (TPLF) in Tigray and Welo
Provinces; Western Somali Liberation Front (WSLF) in the Ogaden region
Member of: AfDB, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICO, ICAO, IDA,
IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITU, NAM, OAU, UN,
UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation: Counselor, Charge d'Affaires ad interim
GIRMA Amare; Chancery at 2134 Kalorama Road NW, Washington DC 20008;
telephone (202) 234-2281 or 2282;
US--Charge d'Affaires Robert G. HOUDEK; Embassy at Entoto Street,
Addis Ababa (mailing address is P.O. Box 1014, Addis Ababa);
telephone 254-233-4141
Flag: three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red;
Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa and the colors of her flag
were so often adopted by other African countries upon independence that they
became known as the pan-African colors
Economy
Overview: Ethiopia is one of the poorest and least developed countries in
Africa. Its economy is based on subsistence agriculture, which accounts for
about 45% of GDP, 90% of exports, and 85% of total employment; coffee generates
over 60% of export earnings. The manufacturing sector is heavily dependent on
inputs from the agricultural sector. The economy is centrally planned, and over
90% of large-scale industry is state run. An ambitious three-year plan with a
goal of food self-sufficiency was announced in 1986.
GDP: $5.7 billion, per capita $130, real growth rate 3.4% (FY87 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices): - 2.4% (1987)
Unemployment rate: 34% (FY87)
Budget: revenues $1.4 billion; expenditures $1.9 billion, including
capital expenditures of $0.7 billion (FY87)
Exports: $390 million (f.o.b., FY87 est.); commodities--coffee 60%;
partners--US, FRG, Djibouti, Japan, PDRY, France, Italy
Imports: $900 million (c.i.f., FY87 est.),
commodities--food;
partners--USSR, Italy, FRG, Japan, UK, US, France (1985)
External debt: $2.6 billion (1988)
Industrial production: growth rate 12.8% (1986 est.)
Electricity: 330,000 kW capacity; 765 million kWh produced,
15 kWh per capita (1988)
Industries: cement, textiles, food processing, oil refinery
Agriculture: coffee, cereals, pulses, oilseeds, meat, hides and skins
Aid: NA
Currency: birr (plural--birr); 1 birr (Br) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: birr (Br) per US $1--2.0700 (fixed rate)
Fiscal year: 8 July-7 July
Communications
Railroads: 992 km total; 685 km 1.000-meter gauge; 307 km 0.950-meter
gauge
Highways: 44,300 km total; 3,888 km bituminous, 8,344 km gravel, 2,456 km
improved earth, 29,612 km unimproved earth
Ports: Aseb, Mitsiwa
Merchant marine: 14 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 71,837
GRT/90,492 DWT; inc